Tyrimo objektas – smulkieji žemės ūkio produkcijos gamintojai. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti smulkiųjų žemės ūkio gamintojų formavimosi ir funkcionavimo pagrįstumą bei pagrįsti tolesnes raidos Lietuvoje tendencijas. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1)identifikuoti smulkiuosius ūkius ir pagrįsti jų tipologiją; 2)nustatyti smulkiųjų ūkių formavimosi priežastis Lietuvoje ir raidą; 3)įvertinti smulkiųjų ūkių funkcionavimo pozityviuosius ir negatyviuosius aspektus; 4)pagrįsti smulkiųjų ūkių tolesnes raidos kryptis ir šį procesą racionalizuojančias žemės ūkio ir kaimo plėtros politikos priemones. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros, statistinės bei anketinės apklausos duomenų, teisės šaltinių analizės, loginio modeliavimo, grafinio vaizdavimo metodai. Studijuojant lietuvių ir užsienio autorių publikacijas, statistinės ir anketinės apklausos medžiagą, bei ekonominę situaciją, išnagrinėta smulkiųjų ūkių vieta žemės ūkio sistemoje, atsižvelgiant į ūkininkų apklausos rezultatus nustatytos smulkiųjų ūkių veiklos perspektyvos. / The object of research – small subjects of agricultural production – the creators of private and public goods. The objective of research is to measure the validity of small agricultural producers’ formation and behavior and to base the further tendencies of development in Lithuania. Tasks of research: 1.To identify small farms and to base their typology. 2.To set the reasons and development of small farms formation in Lithuania. 3.To evaluate positive and negative aspects of small farms behavior. 4.To base not only the further trends of small farms development but also means of agricultural and rural development policy that rationalize this process. Research methods: the analysis of scholarly literature, empirical statistical and questionnaire poll data, sources of law and methods of logical modelling and graphic presentment. By reading up publications of Lithuanian and foreign authors’, analysing statistical, questionnaire poll material and economic situation the place of small farms in agricultural system was explored, considering the results of farmers poll the perspectives of small farms activity were set.

Designed financial distress prediction model is intended directly for the farmer (decision-maker) in order to diagnose the farm’s financial condition and predict the likelihood of financial distress, by using financial information of his farm. There are identified family farm characteristics in which family farms have higher risks to run in financial distress and are guidelines for the family farms that intend to more carefully monitor and control their financial condition. The aim of the research: after analysing the conception of financial distress and identifying the factors determining the financial condition as well as related indicators and prediction models, to methodologically justify and design financial distress prediction model of family farms. / Parengtas finansinio išsekimo prognozavimo modelis tiesiogiai skirtas ūkininkui, kuris panaudodamas savo ūkio finansinę informaciją, galėtų diagnozuoti ūkio finansinę būklę ir iš anksto numatyti finansinio išsekimo grėsmę. Disertacijoje nustatytos ir įvardintos ūkininkų ūkių charakteristikos, kurioms esant ūkiai turi didesnes grėsmes finansiškai išsekti, yra gairės ūkininkų ūkiams, kurie ketina atidžiau stebėti savo veiklą ir kontroliuoti finansinę būklę. Tyrimo tikslas – ištyrus finansinio išsekimo sampratą, identifikavus finansinę būklę sąlygojančius veiksnius, indikatorius ir prognozavimo modelius, metodologiškai pagrįsti ir parengti ūkininkų ūkių finansinio išsekimo prognozavimo modelį.

The master’s final paper analyze the efficiency of Lithuanian water supply sector work sustaining set model of monopoly market, which was made using organic knowledge of Lithuanian and foreign authors. Before analyzing the main environment factors, that stop successful sector development all the year round, are identified and properly explored. With reference and theoretical intelligence, such alternatives of efficiency amendment, as reorganization and privatization, are weighted up by basing likely benefit and evaluating economic and social results using forecasts and mathematical – econometric methods. The first hypothesis, that the efficiency or economic work is different in varied groups of companys and the less company is, the less its work efficiency is, - so the want of sector reform by grossing it come was confirmed. The second hypothesis, that water supply sector reorganization and privatization must be universal valuable, is confirmed parcel, for sustaining pessimistic forecasts, when companies win, customers lose.

Šią magistro baigiamojo darbo temą pasirinkome todėl, kad ji yra nauja, įdomi ir mažai išnagrinėta. Be to, ji yra artima patiems darbo autoriams. Mes atlikome Europos Sąjungos paramos panaudojimo Lietuvos žemės ūkyje analizę tam, kad sužinotume, kaip ši parama yra skirstoma ir įsisavinama. Aišku, realus paramos poveikis žemės ūkiui bus matomas tik po kelerių metų, tačiau pirmuosius šios paramos panaudojimo rezultatus jau galime pamatyti. Problema yra ta, kad ne visa ši parama yra paskirstoma ir panaudojama. Egzistuoja nemažai problemų, kurios šią problemą ir įtakoja. Mūsų darbo tyrimo objektas yra visos Lietuvos žemės ūkis. Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti, kokią įtaką Europos Sąjungos parama daro šalies žemės ūkiui. Šiame darbe mes išsiaiškinome Lietuvos žemės ūkio pokyčius, išanalizavome žemės ūkio politikos vykdymo teisingumą ir efektyvumą, apžvelgėme Lietuvos žemdirbių aktyvumą, parodėme teigiamus ir neigiamus paramos lėšų panaudojimo aspektus. / This subject of master thesis was chosen because of its newness, relevance and lack of researches. Moreover the subject is relevant for both of the authors. We performed analysis how European Community support for the Lithuanian agricultural sector is distributed and absorbed. It is evident, that the real impact will be seen after several years, but initial results of use already can be seen. The main problem is that not all given support is distributed and used appropriately. The object this master thesis is whole Lithuanian agricultural sector. The primary objective is to comprehensively analyse the impact of European Community support for the Lithuanian agricultural sector. We researched the changes of Lithuanian agriculture, analysed the efficiency and equity of implemented policy, overlooked the activity of farmers and tried to define positive and negative aspects of support use. To reach the objective of this master thesis and to collect the initial data for the analysis we used scientific literature, documents and statistic data provided by support administrating institutions and the method of comparison. The first part of the analysis covers the main aspects of implemented policy of European Community and Lithuania, the second part gives the analysis of SAPARD, BPD fourth priority programme and the draft of expansion of rural areas for 2004-2006 support use, short overview of the changes of Lithuanian agriculture and guidelines for the new period of 2007-2013 year... [to full text]

This master final paper formulates pricing of water sector services, analyzes sustainable price for water services, evaluates tax rates, paid for water, from every water user. The purpose of this paper is to find out reasons, which are damaging for JSC “Šiaulių vandenys” future efficiency and viability. It analyzes and systemizes theoretical and practical research from scientific, methodological and publicist literature, along with special research water methods. The hypothesis of this master paper was substantiated only partly, because an efficiently water pricing depends not only from water service company, but from political, legal and environmental frames as well, which come directly from the State government and EU directives.

The work reveals the essence of public regulation in designating the quotes for agricultural activity subjects, paying out the subsidies and direct payments, the system of public regulation institutions is discussed along with the emerging problems while implementing the legal acts. Farmers attitude towards the public regulation of direct payments and administrative legal regulation is analyzed. The author concludes that the public regulation of agricultural quotes is carried out on the basis of objective needs and sticking to the requirements of legal acts. The public regulation in agriculture is associated with certain expectations. In the field of agriculture one evaluates important objectives foreseen in the long-term development strategy and Governmental program: to create the market orientated competitive agriculture, seek for coherent country economical and social development, to rearrange the system of national support for the countryside. The regulation in one or the other aspect is determined by the amount of money the government designates to the agricultural activity subjects in the form of direct payments and subsidies. Quotes regulate the size of production – the optimal quantity of necessary production is determined, and overproduction is limited. In the work the author, using the research results, in the opinion of the specialists, analyses what the practical effect of regulation is, who it succeeded to achieve the aims and tasks of the regulation, how... [to full text]

Magistro darbe tiriamas segetinės floros paplitimas įprastinės ir ekologinės žemdirbystės sąlygomis. Tyrimų objektas – segetinės floros paplitimas įprastinės ir ekologinės gamybos ūkiuose Marijampolės apskrityje, Šakių rajone, Griškabūdžio seniūnijoje, Bliuviškių kaime. Darbo tikslas - lauko tyrimais įvertinti segetinės floros paplitimą pasirinktuose varpinių javų pasėliuose įprastinės ir ekologinės žemdirbystės sąlygomis dulkiškų priemolių karbonatingų glėjiškų rudžemių rajone. Darbo metodai. Siekiant ištirti segetinės floros gausumą įprastinio ir ekologinio ūkio pasėliuose, įprastiniame ūkyje piktžolės buvo imamos iš 5 laukų, o ekologiniame ūkyje piktžolės imamos iš 3 laukų. Segetinės floros kiekis ir botaninė sudėtis buvo nustatoma išskiriant 0,5 m² mikrolaukelius lauko pradžioje, viduryje ir gale kiekviename tyrimo lauke. Gauti duomenys perskaičiuoti 1 m². Išskirtuose laukeliuose piktžolių pavyzdžiai imami trim etapais: vegetacijos pradžioje, viduryje ir prieš derliaus nuėmimą. Tyrimų laukeliuose piktžolės raunamos su šaknimis, nuo jų nupurtomos žemės, sudedamos į atskiras krūveles pagal tyrimo laukelio numerį. Tą pačią dieną nustatoma piktžolių botaninė sudėtis ir žalia masė. Piktžolės džiovinamos saulės neapšviestoje patalpoje. Joms išdžiūvus nustatoma orasausė masė. Darbo rezultatai. Nustatyta, kad įprastinės ir ekologinės gamybos ūkiuose didžiausia piktžolių įvairovė buvo vegetacijos viduryje. Įprastinės gamybos ūkyje 15 piktžolių rūšių. Ekologinės gamybos ūkyje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / There in the master thesis the research was focused on spread of segetic flora in the conventional and organic farms. Researh object: The spread of segnetic flora in organic and conventional farms in Marijampole county, Šakiai region, Griškabūdis monitory, Bliuviškiai village. The aim of the research: To measure the spread of the segetic flora in the chosen cereals on the organic and conventional farming conditions in the region of dusty loam carbonaceous glay brown-land. Methods of the research: On purpose to estimate the abudance of segnetic flora in organic and conventional farms, the weeds were taken from 5 fields in the conventional farm. The weeds were taken from 3 fields in the organic farm. The amount of segetic flora and botanical composition was estimated in 0,5m2 microfields which were separated at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of earch field. Data was translated to 1m2. The samples of the weeds in the microfields are taken in 3 stages: at the beginning of vegetation, in the middle of vegetation and before gathering. The weeds are teared up the roots, the soil is shaked down and put in different piles depending on the number of the field.Botanical composition and the green weight of the weeds is estimated at the same day. Weeds are dried in the untill room and air-dried weight is estimated. The results of the research:The biggest variety of the weeds are estimated in the middle of the vegetation in boath organic and conventional farms... [to full text]

The aim of work – evaluate the Effect of the CAP Reforms on the Development of Multifunctional Agriculture. Seeking the aim, the tasks are: 1) analyze the objective presumptions and essence of the formation of the concept of multifunctional agriculture; 2) analyze the reforms of the CAP and evaluate their effect on the development of multifunctional agriculture; 3) reveal the possibilities of the development of multifunctional agriculture in Tauragė region; 4) analyze the measures of the CAP support, stimulating multifunctional agriculture in Tauragė region and evaluate their practice; 5) evaluate the ways and perspectives of the development of multifunctional agriculture in Lithuania. Methods of research – the analysis and synthesis of scientific literature and the EU and Lithuanian agricultural and rural development documents, comparable analysis, induction, deduction, questionnaire survey, correlation, statistical analysis, graphical depiction methods. On the bases of positive and normative concept of multifunctional agriculture, the analysis of the EU regulations of the CAP and their reforms, analyzed the main stages of the CAP reforms, designated their effect on the development of multifunctional agriculture. Thereby, designated the main CAP measures stimulating multifunctional agriculture and evaluated their practice in Tauragė region and revealed the possibilities of the development of multifunctional agriculture in this region.

Research object – the support measures for small farms. Research aim – to identify the support measures for small farms and to suggest their possible ways of improvement. Objectives: 1) To propose the criterions of size of farm and the conception of small farm at policy; 2) To explore the estimations of national economic and social support at economic literature; 3) To explore the national measures for small farms and to deduce the possibility of small farms to use them; 4) To explore the measures of Europe Union for small farms and to deduce the possibility of small farms to use them; 5) To identify the support measures for small farms; 6) To give suggestions for improvement of support measures for small farms. Research methods. To propose the mostly used criterions of size of farms, the conception of small farm at policy and the national economic and social support measures at economic literature were used the analysis and synthesis methods of scientific and juristically literature. To explore the measures of national and of Europe Union supports were used analysis and synthesis methods of juristically literature, programs. To identify the support measures for small farms and to give suggestions were used statistical, comparative analysis and graphic figure methods.

Žemės ūkio sektorius išlieka viena pavojingiausių ekonominės veiklos rūšių pasaulyje, o tuo pačiu ir Lietuvoje. Atlikus sociologinius tyrimus, vienoje anketinėje apklausoje dalyvavo 96 ūkininkai ir bendrovių vadovai, nustačiau, kad dirbant traktoriniams žemės ūkio junginiams, žmonės dažniausiai sužeidžiami, kai mašina eksploatuojama be apsaugų, užvedama neišjungus pavaros, žmonės vežami priekaboje ir kai technika eksploatuojama ne pagal paskirtį. Kitoje anketinėje apklausoje dalyvavo 241 žemės ūkio darbuotojai, nustatėme, kad samdomi žemės ūkio darbuotojai labiau nei ūkininkai toleruoja rizikingą veiklą žemės ūkio traktorinių junginių darbo zonose. Trečioje anketinėje apklausoje dalyvavo 138 žemės ūkio technikos operatoriai, nustatyta, kad instruktavimas nepadeda suprasti pavojus traktorių ir žemės ūkio mašinų pavojingose zonose nurodė 30,4 proc. apklaustų žemės ūkio technikos operatorių. / The agricultural sector remains one of the most dangerous types of economic activities in the world, while at the same time, and Lithuania. Following the sociological studies, one questionnaire survey involved 96 farmers participated in the company and executives, found that working in the agricultural tractor combinations, people most often injured when the machine is operated without the guards, opened the drive off, people are transported in the trailer where the technique of operation and not by purpose. In another questionnaire survey involved 241 agricultural workers, found that employed agricultural workers, farmers, rather than tolerate the risky business of agricultural tractor units of work zones. The third questionnaire survey involved 138 agricultural machinery operators, found that the instruction does not understand the dangers of tractors and agricultural machinery in hazardous areas indicated 30.4 percent. surveyed agricultural machinery operators.