過去許多研究雖已得知企業市場導向程度與組織績效之正向關係，但鮮少有考慮在企業運用網際網路日益普遍的情況下。因此引發本研究欲藉由對國內公司的訪談及問卷調查來探討『網際網路』能給『市場導向』這觀念，帶來何種影響，以及最終對組織績效的影響為何。 在考慮台灣產業特色之後，電子、資訊產業對於網路之運用起步較早，已具一定之成效，而電子、資訊廠商以製造業居多；此外，企業電子化需要投入較高資本，所以本研究選擇天下雜誌2003年5月所出的「台灣前1000大企業」中的台灣製造業前1000大企業以及服務業前500大中的資訊設備銷售與服務產業（47家）和資訊、通訊、ＩＣ通路產業（66家）為研究對象。利用SPSS 統計軟體進行敘述性統計分析、相關分析、因素分析、T 檢定、及複迴歸分析等來驗證本研究之假設。 本研究之主要結果顯示： 一、 企業網際網路的特性運用，除客製性外，即時性、互動性、跨域性、低溝通成本等特性與企業電子化程度存在著正向關係。 二、 當不區分產業時，網際網路特性的運用與市場導向各構面間並無太多顯著之正相關，但在電子、資訊相關產業，在於網際網路特性的運用與市場導向各構面間則大部份都達顯著之正相關。 三、 企業之市場導向程度與組織績效有正向關係存在。 四、 網路特性「即時互動性」、「跨域客製性」對各個經營績效之間並不具有正向的關係存在。但在「電子、資訊產業」時，迴歸模型顧客滿意、員工組織承諾兩迴歸模式顯著。 五、 企業在網際網路特性運用、市場導向程度與經營績效之關係探討，除財務績效之外，迴歸模型均達顯著，但即時互動性、跨域客製性與組織績效之關係不明顯。 六、 當樣本為電子、資訊產業時，市場導向是網際網路特性之即時互動性對組織績效之員工組織承諾的中介角色。

我國成衣製造商基於「成本」、「貿易障礙」以及「區域經濟興起」三個因素之考量，紛紛將生產基地移至中國大陸、越南、柬埔寨等生產成本低廉地區，或是在北美自由貿易協定（NAFTA）規範下，享有輸美免關稅、免配額優惠之墨西哥等地區，以致於生產基地分散全球各地。加以我成衣外銷以美國為主，原物料供應商來源也分散，我國成衣製造商「客戶」、「生產工廠」、「供應商」分散各地的全球運籌架構於焉成形。 全球運籌架構下成衣製造商如何透過電子化有效彙整訂單資訊、生產資訊以及供料資訊，做出迅速且最有效之生產配置，並且如何掌控訂單進度，快速回應客戶查詢需求，達到顧客滿意，是本研究之主旨。 經過研究瞭解，全球運籌體系下OEM模式的成衣製造商其產銷管理作業電子化關鍵流程在於「產銷協同作業」之執行，其能為成衣製造商帶來「作業面」、「生產面」、「採購面」以及「流程整合面」效益之提升，可以做出最佳「訂單分配」以及能有效「掌握訂單進度」，提升訂單達交率以及快速回應客戶。 / Under consideration of ”Cost”, ”Trading Barrier” and “Local Economics” , our local apparel manufacturers moved their factories to Mainland China, Vietnam , Cambodia in order to lower production cost or to Mexico in order to get tariff-free, quota-free premiums NAFTA give. The States is the major nation we export apparel to, moreover , sources of raw material suppliers are also dispersant. According to the above reasons, our apparel manufacturers operate under the global logistics structures. The keynote of this research is to understand how apparel manufacturers integrate order information, production information and supply information by electronic ways to make the optimal production allocation and to control the order progress to echo clients’ inquiring needs. After researching, the key process of electronic production distribution ways is the “Collaboration”. It can promote the performance on “Operation Side”, “Production Side”, ”Procurement Side” and “Process Integration Side” to let apparel manufacturers to make the optimal order allocation and to control order progress effectively to lift the on-time rate and to fit the quick-response request of clients.

在電子商務時代中，企業能夠迅速反應市場需求，從訂單、生產到最後之運送皆採用電子化（e化）技術，使能迅速的生產與交貨，已成為競爭之必要利器。企業電子化（企業e化）之應用已陸續在國內外如火如荼推展，電子化無疑是各種組織當前最重要的課題之一，隨著網際網路商業化環境的逐漸成形，組織多了一項可以提昇內部營運效率，降低成本並增加競爭優勢的有力工具，也因此產生了全新的企業經營模式，並為企業帶來極大的商機，企業經營模式面臨了劇烈的變動。 對於企業電子化，目前所有企業皆在摸索之階段，再加上網際網路應用一切皆在萌芽之中，網路技術更新速度非常快，資訊太多又太分散，沒有一套可遵循的架構。本研究主要目的是希望透過文獻探討、廠商資料分析、產業實務個案訪談與問卷調查等方法提出一個企業電子化之架構與歷程，對於了解組織電子化成長過程的整體變化方向有相當的助益，並可提供企業未來營運策略和統籌規劃方向的參考，也讓企業了解其在推動企業電子化階段進展中每個階段所應進行之階段任務。藉由六個階段模式之建立，我們可以很清楚的了解企業電子化發展的階段，分為起始期、被迫期、接受期、整合期、加速電子化期與全面電子化期；其階段歷程有著演化、技術、觀念與能力提升的概念。 / Industries can response swiftly to market demand in the e-commence age. Using e-business technology to manage orders, production, and delivery enables quick and accuracy productions and deliveries. No wonder that the e-business has become a powerful weapon in the struggle to gain market share. The applications of e-business for local and abroad enterprises have been advocated for a while.　The rapid development of Internet not only has provided firms with great growth opportunities, but also brought about drastic structural changes in business model. As enterprises become globalized and Internet connected, new and better architecture is needed to meet the requirements of enterprises. In this paper, we develop the model on e-business stage by literature review and case study. This stage model will help institutes to give impetus to adoption of e-business. The research results show the current situation about e-business of the cases and will be provide a reference for future research. We believe the proposed model would properly be used for enterprise to improve competitive advantage and to adopt effective measures to improve their business. Refer to the empirical study, we want to design questionnaires and send to the enterprise. Next through the multivariate statistic methods, we will propose some meaningful conclusion and draw some suggestions and implications for the academic research and firms.

網際網路影響的層面大至政府的政策、法令、企業的經營策略、作業細節，小至個別消費者的喜好。在網際網路逐漸成為全球網路通用標準後，各種企業應用系統以及企業與交易夥伴間互動關係逐漸產生變化。 全球化讓企業暴露在高度競爭環境之下，迫使企業必須不斷翻新事業經營方式。企業正朝向流程委外的方向努力，委外的潮流建立了虛擬企業的基礎。於是企業與交易夥伴形成所謂的「虛擬延伸企業」，並建立一個牢不可破的價值鏈，以便在市場上和競爭對手競爭。這種虛擬團隊，需要將彼此的商業流程和訊息緊密地整合，從產品設計到與客戶交易，甚至於維修的過程毫無間隙地貫穿。 隨著網際網路在商業環境的應用越來越廣泛，架構在網際網路環境下的協同作業成為企業迎戰未來的一項重要利器。企業電子化下之協同作業，就是利用一些軟體系統，將企業的應用軟體、套裝軟體及傳統資訊系統等，在企業之間整合起來，這是一種新價值鏈的經營模式，也是競爭時代企業的新趨勢。 在協同作業下，企業對交易夥伴（上游供應商及下游客戶）在流程與資訊上整合，並根據企業資源的現況（包含內部與外部），做最佳化安排，以快速回應客戶、市場以及競爭者。企業電子化的重心，不再只是透過網際網路從事大量交易，而是利用網際網路提升價值鏈上資訊的透明度，促進企業問整合活動的進行，以進入協同作業的新紀元。 筆記型電腦一直是我國資訊產業非常重要的一環，本研究以國內筆記型電腦製造業為研究範圍，探究其與供應商協同作業之發展現況。 本研究以「TEMPLET評估工具」對企業之於未來虛擬延伸企業的準備程度做一個完整的評估；另外以「IBM e-business Collaboration Tool／供應商協同作業評估模組」對企業間協同作業之現況及發展方向做全面性評估。再輔以文件的收集、分析、個案訪談，以及在實務界多年的觀察，整理出協同作業發展的現況以及國內企業界目前發展所遭遇的瓶頸。 從TEMPLET評比的四大項目，資訊技術能力、資料管理能力、流程管理能力、組織管理能力，分析個案公司對虛擬企業發展的準備程度，可得知個案公司的準備程度頗高，而且彼此間的差異並不大。由於長期與國際大廠的合作，使得個案公司逐漸從區域性的製造工廠轉型為國際性的製造及服務公司。不論在經營管理能力或是資訊技術能力，個案公司都繼續不斷的調整其發展方向，試圖為全球的經營佈局而努力。 透過IBM e-business Collaboration Evaluation Tool／供應商協同作業評估模組，發現個案公司在供應鏈規劃及採購協同作業的推動不遺餘力，其相關的協同作業應用較為普及。設計協同作業雖然在萌芽階段，但也受到普遍的重視。協同作業雖然已經對個案公司的作業效率有相當程度的提升，但是，現今的協同作業方式，多屬於前端資料交換，而非企業內部與供應商之間應用系統的整合。本研究將個案公司發展的瓶頸歸納為以下幾個原因： 1. 供應商資訊技術的配合條件不同 2. 標準平台尚未成熟 3. 內部作業仍有相當程度的人工介入 4. 對商業機密或敏感資訊的分享顧慮 5. 工作流程和商業規則的定義極其繁瑣 6. 政府政策尚未成熟 7. 設計協同環境的尚未成熟 面對知識經濟時代的來臨，從提高產品的附加價值角度來看，台灣資訊製造業如何整合品牌優勢（代工品牌人自有品牌）、創新實力、軟體、服務等應是努力的重點。近年來，台灣資訊製造業在交易導向的實行系統建立了很好的基礎，未來則將往企業外部關係層次的整合方向而努力。 企業可藉由網際網路的協同作業把產品設計、製造、採購、業務、行銷、人事系統、現場服務以及客戶服務等，緊密地聯繫在一起，形成一個環球知識網。藉此追求策略定位，建構一個特別的價值鏈，讓企業能夠傳遞某種獨特的價值。而且為了對抗競爭，價值鏈必須借助協同作業的高度整合，讓企業所有活動都能緊密配合，甚至不斷強化。 全面性的協同作業雖然可幫助企業增加營運效益以及追求策略定位，但是協同作業的成功須仰賴多方面條件的配合。協同作業的發展是個連續性、階段性發展的過程，並非一蹴可及。雖然現今的協同作業處於推廣、萌芽的階段，但是協同作業將會繼續的推行，朝向交易雙方的後端系統即時且完全整合的目標前進。企業應按部就班完成階段性協同作業的計畫，待環境成熟、相關條件可配合的時候，則可領先取得競爭優勢。 關鍵詞：企業電子化、協同作業、筆記型電腦產業。 / The Internet is arguably the most powerful tool today, the influence of Internet is extremely comprehensive, covering governments' policies and regulations, companies' strategies and detailed operations, as far as consumers' individual preference. While the Internet comes to full development, the enterprise information system and the nature of business relationship have to change along. In today's rapidly changing business environment, firms not only compete on product but on business models. To succeed in globally competitive environment, companies are pursuing a strategy of focus, offloading part of activities to trading partners. The Internet technologies have made outsourcing easier for companies to coordinate with their suppliers, giving widespread currency to the notion of the "virtual extended enterprise". Companies communicate and collaborate electronically with partners around the world, they join together to achieve a shared business goal, where each operating unit contributes according to its core competency. Fully achieving the advantages of a virtual extended enterprise requires comprehensive collaboration, which enables tight business-to-business connection. By applying Internet technology to integrate information system and process across companies, collaboration creates a new business model to achieve a competitive edge. This research is concerning the collaborative progression upon Taiwan notebook computer manufactures, with the framework of "TEMPLET assessment checklist" and "IBM e-business Collaboration Tool/supplier collaboration module". Enriching with papers analysis, case study, and industry observation from years of experience, this study aims at exploring current development status quo, further, examining thoroughly the difficulties industry has encountered. Assessing the preparedness for virtual enterprise by TEMPLET'S four evaluation criteria "information, people, process and technology", we learn that companies in study have accomplished substantial readiness. Having the long-term cooperation with international leading enterprises, the companies have been transforming themselves from local manufactures to service-oriented global manufactures. Evaluating readiness for e-business and collaboration with suppliers by IBM e-business Collaboration Tool/supplier collaboration module, we find that both supply chain management and e-procurement have been applied pervasively in association with the companies' dedication to supply collaboration for years. Although design collaboration is still in its infancy, its relevant applications are attracting attention nowadays. The companies have benefited from collaboration at certain degree, nevertheless, the existing collaboration are only limited in front-end data exchange, instead of back-end system integration. This research concludes the major difficulties the companies facing are as below: 1. The readiness of suppliers' information technology is quite different. 2. The platform standard is not mature yet. 3. The companies' internal operations involve considerable human intervention. 4. Sharing concern exists upon business confidentiality and sensitive information. 5. The definition ofworkflow and business rule is too onerous to get through. 6. Government's policy is not ready yet. 7. The circumstances for design collaboration is not in prepared state. Towards knowledge-based economy, Taiwan's IT (information technology) industry is exploring how to integrate the advantage of brand (contracted manufacture brand/own brand), innovation, software, services in order to outperform the average competitors. In these years, the industry has set a solid foundation at transactional interconnection system. In the coming years, the industry will move to cross- enterprise relationship integration, such as customer database, marketing information, product design information and so forth. By fully deploying collaboration, companies are able to tight the operations of product design, manufacturing, purchase, sales activities, marketing, humor resources, and customer services together to optimize both internal and external resources. The series of collaboration enables the entire value chain highly integrated as a self- reinforcing system, and it helps companies deliver a unique value proposition. Collaboration contributes operational effectiveness and strategic positioning, but its success depends on various conditions. The evolution of collaboration is a continuous process. Though collaboration is in initial stage up to date, its development must be going on constantly, heading to real-time, end-to-end integration. Companies have to make sophisticated plan for each stage, carrying out the plan step by step for pursuing distinctive advantage. Keywords: e-business, collaboration, and Taiwan notebook computer industry.

資訊科技的進展促成企業電子化的風潮，對於企業的商業模式造成很大的影響，而近來無線通訊科技的蓬勃發展，使企業能提供移動性的出外人員能二十四小時不分時地的透過無線通訊連結企業內部電子化的流程，並將企業電子化的功能延伸到與企業相關的每個成員，來增進企業整體運作的效率與效能，並強化企業電子化的效益，以提供客戶更好的服務。 　本研究透過探討企業電子化的現況與問題、無線通訊的發展與應用，歸納出無線通訊在企業電子化上應用的功能特性，包含：彈性、精簡性、主動性、安全性、個別性、持續連線、行動性與特殊性，並提出無線通訊結合企業電子化之功能模式，以產業特性為出發點，在原有的企業電子化的基礎上架構其無線通訊的功能，主要分為三種應用類型，包含動態資訊、作業流程與個人化服務，並列舉五種產業示例，包含醫療業、汽車業、快遞業、保險業與證券業，以做為未來企業在應用無線通訊科技來改善流程與提升其競爭優勢的參考，最後以醫療業進行個案分析與模式應用。 / The progress of information technology activates e-business and changes the business model nowadays. Recently, the advance of wireless communication technology enable the employees can do their business process outside their offices no matter where they are. In this way, they can reach each member of company and enhance the effectiveness and the efficiency of their job. It can also enforce the effect of the e-business to provide better customer service. In this study, firstly, we explore the affair and the problems of e-business, and survey the progression and application of wireless communication. Secondly, we issue eight functional features of wireless communication on e-business and propose the model of wireless communication on e-business. Finally, we take a hospital as a case to implement our model.