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保險商品審查制度之研究黃靜怡, Sharon Huang Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,我國正式成為WTO之成員,在保險市場方面,我國保險業面臨前所未有之挑戰,在與國際金融保險市場接軌之際,我國保險業無不戰戰兢兢。保險商品為保險業競爭之重要利器之一,商品之創新與多樣化則是未來保險業因應市場不同需求不可或缺之要素。
然而,目前我國保險商品大多須經冗長之核准程序,審查制度之僵化不僅減緩商品上市之時效,更使保險業之競爭優勢大打折扣,要求檢討現行我國保險商品審查制度之缺失乃時有所聞。
而本文以「保險商品審查制度之改進」為題,試圖發掘我國保險商品審查制度於法令上或實務運作上之缺失;其次援引美國保險監理官協會(NAIC)「加速商品上市化」(Speed to Market)之措施、紐約州及加州關於保險商品審查之相關規定為介紹;在其次就保險商品審查制度之改進的可行性方案為分析;最後做一建議與結論。
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保險商品銷售說明義務之民事責任 / Civil liability of the duty to disclose on insurance sales楊昌憲, Yang, Chang Shien Unknown Date (has links)
在傳統學說討論上,論及說明義務,多數皆討論被保險人之說明義務,但隨著保險商品的複雜化,要保人及被保險人的知識並無法完全知悉保險商品的內容及全利義務,保險人說明義務實為藉由締約前的控制以衡平保險契約雙方顯不對等之契約關係,達成契約實質之公平,減少締約糾紛的發生。
本文以說明義務起源之探討為始,探究說明義務之法律性質,分析保險人說明義務相關行政規範之合適性,並整理分析說明義務之民事責任以及舉證責任之分配。
文末,提出於保險法增訂保險人說明義務之建議,以期發揮保險人說明義務所具有之功能,使保險消費者獲得確實之保護,並促進金融市場健全發展。
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保險商品審查制度電子化之研究陳宏政, Chen, Hung Cheng Unknown Date (has links)
中文摘要
鑒於我國保險業為因應全球金融快速變革及市場競爭下的生存發展,全面推動保險監理現代化已是刻不容緩之事。而其中保險商品審查規定及審查效率是保險主管機關與保險業者角力的焦點之一。主管機關如何在協助保險業者快速的將商品推向市場與保障消費者權益間取得平衡的深奧學問,其中又以保險商品審查制度的良莠是主要關鍵因素。
美國保險監理官協會 (NAIC)於西元2000年的施政宣言中,將協助保險業者”加速審查保險商品” (Speed to Market)列為保險監理現代化最重要施政目標之一。”加速審查保險商品” 涉及保險商品審查制度之流程改善及作業簡化等問題,除了從制度面著手改革外,美國保險監理官協會並建置資訊系統 (SERFF),將保險商品審查流程到導入電子化作業,不僅大幅提昇審查效率,更為業者及主管機關節省了大量紙張、郵遞、保存及調閱成本。
本研究將針對我國保險商品審查制度電子化進行探討,透過美國監理官協會之保險商品審查制度要求及電子化之工作模式探討,提出我國保險商品審查制度電子化之建議方案,作為保險監理現代化議題之參考。
關鍵詞:保險商品審查制度,Speed to Market,CARFRA,SERFF,Filing。 / Abstract
Fueled by enhanced technology and globalization, the world financial markets are undergoing rapid changes. The nation's economy of Republic of China (R.O.C.) is struck after we had joined WTO, more and more serve situation we got to face.
In order to protect insurance consumers of the future, insurance regulators are very careful to review filings, in the other hand, regulators have the responsibility to help insurance company to meet internationally competitive financial services marketplace. How to made the regulation have addressed that marketplace efficiently and effectively, insurance product approval process is need for modernization.
The Statement of Intent of NAIC (National Association of Insurance Commissioners) in Year 2000 national regulatory first priority is “Speed to Market”. The working group took steps to improve speed to market for insurance products. This would include development and implementation of a system to re-engineering insurance product approval process. NAIC planned to built up SERFF (System for Electronic Rate and Form Filing) that offer a number of advantages for regulators and insurance companies seeking to get products to market in a timely manner. In fact, the SERFF system saved more money in great amount of documents, delivery cost and time saving in filing process.
This paper attempts to study the opportunity of electronic insurance product filing in R.O.C., and suggests a solution for regulation modernization.
Keywords: Speed to Market, CARFRA, SERFF, and Filing.
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銀行保險商品於個人退休與保險理財規劃之探討孫娟娟, Sun,Chuan Chuan Unknown Date (has links)
由於人口的急速老化,65歲以上人口佔總人口比例逐漸提高,退休規劃是個人最長期也是最重要的財務計劃。養兒防老,已不符合現代時勢潮流,想要過有尊嚴的退休生活,退休後的日子不能依賴子女,也不能光靠老人年金或政府救濟,最可靠的來源是以在工作期的儲蓄來累積自己的退休金;97年國民年金及98年勞保年金制度相繼上路,台灣已正式進入人人有年金時代,更加喚起人們對退休金重視,但台灣政府年金加上企業退休金,所得替代率偏低,使得原本應該在退休三支柱頂端的個人準備,變成退休主要財源的重要管道。
一直以來銀行都扮演著消費者提供長期金融服務的角色,所以很容易取得大眾的信任,進而提高接觸銀行保險的意願,並且洽談財務規劃的機會。銀行相較於保險公司,銀行對顧客資訊的掌握程度更高,再搭配基金、貸款等其他商品,可以提供消費者一次購足的附加價值;且在高齡化社會的發展趨勢下,保險理財規劃對於個人及家庭整體性風險控管與全方位的財富生涯規劃,將是非常重要的課題。近年來銀行業經營日益艱困,企金利差不斷縮小,消金又逢雙卡風暴。財富管理業務遂成為銀行積極深耕之市場,惟在積極衝刺手續費收入的業績壓力下,產生理財專員未顧及客戶風險屬性之考量,銷售不符客戶需求之產品,以致客戶對銀行產生不信任感,影響銀行之長期利益。
本研究主要探討我國目前銀行財富管理與退休保險商品需求分析。銀行經營財富管理業務,必須審慎思考,首先對客戶應深入的了解,採取顧客區隔策略,即將不同客戶依其資產規模、理財需求及投資行為分為不同族群,並以此作為基礎,針對不同族群客戶之需求擬出不同銷售與服務策略,以有效提升客戶之滿意度與忠誠度。本研究以個案銀行為研究對象,將財富管理客群資產額分為1,000萬以上的高資產客戶族群、資產額300萬至1,000萬的中高所得族群與資產額300萬以下一般所得族群共三族群。高資產客戶之退休與保險理財規劃以節稅為優先考量;中高所得族群除考慮子女教育基金需求外,也需考慮自身退休規劃;一般所得族群首先就其退休時所需費用與政府、企業的退休金給付加上自行投資的收益計算其退休金不足度,因資產額較少,為減輕壓力,建議以年金方式準備退休金,規避長壽危機及通膨等風險。
經實證個案分析結果,本研究可以得到以下四點結論:一、銀行保險通路保費收入逐年上升,顯示此通路之價值越來越重要;二、銀行財富管理應由商品銷售走向需求理財規劃;三、銀行保險應注重顧客區隔策略、依不同族群量之實際需求量身設計理財商品;四、因遺贈稅大幅調降,銀行保險商品將由以節稅為目的走向以儲蓄保障兼具為主要考量。
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台灣資訊安全風險管理暨保險之研究曾詩郁 Unknown Date (has links)
為了因應日新月異的新型態資安事件,企業們紛紛投注相當資源於資訊安全系統的建構/資訊風險的管理,但是在外部技術環境快速變化等諸多變數的不確定下,仰仗風險移轉機制,適切地將風險透過保險轉移至保險業者似乎是較合宜的選擇。何以企業們仍傾向強化風險控制、持續加強資訊安全技術層面,因此本研究擬藉由介紹國際暨台灣資訊安全發展狀況,瞭解資訊安全管理及其衍生之風險管理現況;根據前述現況分析,進一步探討在資訊安全領域中風險工具與風險管理學理之關聯性,並透過訪談相關業者,希冀透過探討資訊安全保險供給暨需求落差,提供既存風險工具之實務意涵。
本研究發現被國際社會廣泛採用之ISO 13335資訊安全管理系統,其風險概念暨管理模組,係奠基於一般風險管理學理:在風險概念方面,係採納『風險因素導致風險事故,進而對風險標的物肇生損失』之概念,並強化資產脆弱點之重要性,藉以強調在疆域尚且不明的資訊安全領域裡,相關從業人員惟有透過持續不輟地辨識、分析暨處理新型態的威脅等諸多要素,才有逐步積貯相關知識,進一步為未來完善資訊安全管理奠下基礎;在風險管理方面,一般風險管理學理用以確認風險因素、風險事件及風險標的物之風險鑑定階段,恰可與ISO 13335中資訊界限制定、資產識別及威脅評估等步驟相呼應,由此可知ISO 13335係採用一般風險管理學理概念而來,自不待言。
透過訪談相關業者,本研究發現資訊安全保險供給與需求存在下述特點:
保險業者與資訊安全需求業者對資訊價值之認定不同。
保險商品在市場上被視為行銷工具,而非實質風險移轉機制。
保險業者缺乏客觀的標準可供遵循。
資訊安全涵蓋範圍廣泛,非單一風險移轉機制即可。
資訊安全需求業者對資訊價值之認定會因情境而改變。
供應者與需求者對保險商品在風險移轉上之定位有不同認知。
由此,本研究建議主管機關、保險業者及從事/利用電子商務之組織可參酌下述各點採取行動,藉此逐步完善國內有關電子商務之保險商品市場:
主管機關方面,宜制訂資安規範、訂定處罰條款,並核發執照於公正的認證/稽核單位。
保險公司方面,宜尋找第三方公正單位參與承保範圍之釐清、與被保險人簽訂保密協定、並擬訂資訊安全防護評定等級制度。
電子商務之企業/組織,宜教育內部、根據認證機構管理原則ISO 27005、並運用科技化的資安設備,強化企業自主防護能力。
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台灣投信的異業合作成長策略 / Taiwan Investment Trust's growth strategy紀乃介 Unknown Date (has links)
證券投資信託事業於台灣已發展30多年,產業發展已逐漸步入成熟階段。從參與的公司家數來看,國內投信有37家,境外基金業者有79家,總計已核准的基金數高達1,651支基金,已進入百家爭鳴的狀態。從台灣整體基金規模的成長趨勢來看,也有成長動能降低的現象,其中國內投信整體規模的成長力道更低於境外基金公司,面對境外基金公司在銷售通路(銀行、券商等)的強勢行銷,國內投信公司在面臨基金規模不易成長的障礙上,勢必要開發新市場、新產品或者新的異業合作模式。
投資型保險商品的投資帳戶累積高達新台幣1.45兆元的部位,每年有穩定的續期保費投入,商品的特性之一是保戶要自行承擔投資帳戶的損益,不論從投資帳戶資金規模、保戶的投資需求及業務員產品售後需提供長期服務等等,國內投信業者可將此部份當成基金規模成長的新市場。
個案投信公司分析保險業務員在銷售投資型保險商品所面對的挑戰,分析自己公司與產業競爭者的優劣勢,提出保險業務員銷售投資型商品的解決方案,以達到新的異業合作模式、新產品及新市場的開發,使個案投信的規模成長有新的動能。
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台灣壽險公司經營投資型保險之研究陳聖儀 Unknown Date (has links)
這些年來,經濟環境持續惡化,市場利率不斷下滑,壽險公司面臨利差損的巨額損失,然而相關修正法規通過投資型商品的銷售,因此壽險公司積極開發投資型商品,運用此商品來對抗利率下跌所產生的風險,同時提供消費者「保險」與「投資」雙重功能的新商品。
本文根據當前金融環境及壽險業所面臨的問題,來探討壽險公司對投資型商品的經營策略,並實際訪談己推出投資型商品外商、本土具代表性的壽險公司,最後依據研究結果做出結論及建議。
本研究得到的結論歸納如下:(1)壽險公司銷售投資型商品,朝改善商品結構,有效防範和化解經營風險,提升核心競爭力,亦是建立長期競爭優勢。(2)經營投資型保險經管風險的評估,其最大費用是教育訓練及軟体系統的投資與維護,即作業風險是最大考量。(3)外商保險公司發展投資型保險商品速度快於本土保險公司,對市場反應力較強。而本土保險公司,要落實教育訓練較為費時,因此本土公司都從簡單易懂商品開始,漸進式轉入投資型保險。(4)外商公司的競爭優勢是商品設計,行政作業靈活及電腦系統優異,而本土公司的核心競爭力則是行銷通路及眾多業務員,因此由簡易套裝商品切入市場建立客戶群。(5)保險公司業務員仍為主要行銷通路,而「全方位理財顧問」將是業務人員的定位,因此教育訓練及選才是壽險公司進入投資型保險的重要課題。(6)對行銷人員來說,以往「人情保」或「退傭金」的銷售模式己不適用,而是要規劃客戶需求的責任風險,及提供相關金融知識,成為客戶個人及家庭的理財顧問。(7)金融自由化及金控法規通過,壽險公司必需整合資源形成經濟規模,對於投資型商品的投資靈活性、商品成本透明度與投資種類的組合等方面將是壽險業之間競爭模式的轉變。(8)投資型商品具有保障和投資雙重功能,但需將投資型保險當作保險商品來運用而非投資工具,並且要「長期持有」才能顯現基金績效;而業務人員誠實揭露相關費用及明確告之消費者權益和義務是避免銷售糾紛的最重要關鍵。
關鍵字:投資型保險商品,經營策略,行銷通路,教育訓練 / Because economic environment is getting worse and the interest rate is lower and lower, the life insurance companies are in face of huge profit loss. In the meaning time, the related laws and regulations were released; therefore the hfe insurance companies strongly developed the investment-linked insurance to overcome the impact of lower interest rate and to offer new products to customers, which meet insurance and investment both benefits.
Based on financial environment has today and the problems of insurance industry, this study is to discuss the operation strategies of investment- linked insurance products. By extensive interview with the major of four insurance companies, we come out conclusions and related suggestions.
The main conclusions of this study are described as followings:
(1) For effective and solving the operation risk, the life insurance companies should sell investment-linked products and keep improving the structure of the products. In the long run, the life insurance companies need to build up core competence through investment-linked insurance products. The middle size company may consider Investment-linked products as major products to develop business.
(2) There are two major factors to evaluate the business risk, which are the training course and the cost of software.
(3) Foreign insurance companies very fast-developed investment-linked insurance products to meet market request. The local insurance companies have to build up customers based through simple-packaged products. The large size companies have to consider the training system early and to help sale improving the financial knowledge.
(4) The competitive advantages of foreign companies are design products, operation system and computer hardware. The strength of local companies is having channel infrastructure and many salesmen.
(5) The agents are main marketing channels and to be a financial consonant. The training course and selection are important to the life insurance companies.
(6) By brothering customers or returning commission, it is not a suitable sales model for salesmen. To offer right risk plan and financial knowledges, salesmen are a financial consonant for customers or customers’family.
(7) The completive situations between life insurance companies are to offer investment-linked insurance products, which have investment information, cost and investment portfolio.
(8) The investment-linked insurance products have insurance and investment both benefits, but tibey should be regarded as a tool of insurance. Customers have to keep them long turn to get the benefits of fund. Salesmen also have to tell customers clearly about their rights and all costs to avoid argument after sell.
Key words: investment-linked insurance products, management strategies, marketing strategies, training course.
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投資型保險商品經營策略之研究 / A Study on the Management Strategies of Investment Linked Insurance Products麥瑋玲 Unknown Date (has links)
投資型保險商品乃為因應市場利率走低,提高壽險業之競爭力而設計之產品,適逢主管機關修正保險業資金運用之相關法令限制,投資型保險商品在台灣市場推行之時機似已來臨。
本文根據英、美發展投資型保險商品之金融、產業環境背景,檢視當前環境狀況,評估我國是否具有發展投資型保險商品之條件與需求;並透過個案研究方式,對八家壽險公司進行深度訪談,以了解壽險業者對投資型保險商品之經營策略,經由個案分析比較,依循研究架構發展出相關命題,並據此歸納出研究結論及建議。
本研究主要結論如下:(1)利率持續走低與法令的開放,象徵投資型保險商品時代臨。(2)外商公司未來將以經營投資型保險商品為主,本土公司將採取投資型保單與傳統保單並重的經營策略。(3)外商公司競爭優勢為擁有國外經驗,本土公司優勢為擁有較大的通路。(4)高所得、有投資共同基金或股票經驗、有退休金規劃者為業者主要的目標市場。(5)目標客戶及通路的選擇將影響產品策略。(6)公司業務員為主要行銷通路,銀行、證券公司為積極開發的次要通路(7)壽險公司今後的競爭取決於管理、服務和資金運用績效。 / To comply with the down trend of market interest rates, enhance the competibility of insurance industry, at this time the governmental institutions revised investment limitation of the related laws & regulations, it seems the time to promote investment linked insurance products is comming.
This study will help us to overview current situation and evaluate whether Taiwan owns enough criteria and demand to develop investment linked insurance products based on the financial environmental background to develop investment linked insurance products. By extensive interviews with the major of eight insurance companies, the case study oriented approach will help us better understand the operation strategies of investment linked insurance products whatever insurance companies will take. We will build up key points following study structure and come out conclusions and related suggestions through case study comparisons.
The main conclusion of this study are described as followings:
(1) Due to going down interest rates and the regulation liberalization, this trend symbolically indicates that the era of investment linked insurance products is coming.
(2) Foreign insurance companies will mainly focus on running investment linked insurance product business in future; local insurance companies will involved in both investment linked insurance product business and traditional insurance products business.
(3) The competitive advantage of foreign companies is that they have strong international experiences; the strength of local companies is having sales channel infrastructure.
(4) The target market will focus on those who have higher income, have experiences in mutual funds and stock investment, and have planning for pensions.
(5) The choice of target market and channels will affect product strategies.
(6) The agents are main marketing channels; bank and security companies will be subsequent channels we have to aggressively target on.
(7) The competitive strength of insurance companies depends on management, services, and performances of utilizing capitals since now.
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附最低保證變額年金保險最適資產配置及準備金之研究 / A study of optimal asset allocation and reserve for variable annuities insurance with guaranteed minimum benefit陳尚韋 Unknown Date (has links)
附最低保證投資型保險商品的特色在於無論投資者的投資績效好壞,保險金額皆享有一最低投資保證,過去關於此類商品的研究皆假設標的資產為單一資產,或依固定比例之投資組合,並沒有考慮到投資人自行配置投資組合的效果,但大部分市售商品中,投資人可以自行配置投資標,此情況之下,保險公司如何衡量適當的保證成本即為一相當重要之課題。
本研究假設投資人風險偏好服從冪次效用函數,並假設與保單所連結之投資標的有兩種資產,一為具有高風險高報酬的資產,另一為具有低風險低報酬之資產,在每個保單年度之初,投資人可以選擇配置在兩種資產之比例,我們運用黃迪揚(2009)所提出的動態規劃數值解之方法,計算出在考慮投資人自行配置資產之下,保證成本將會比固定比例之投資高出12個百分點。
此外,為了瞭解在不同資產報酬率的模型之下,保證成本是否會有不一樣的結論,除了對數常態模型之外,我們假設高風險資產與低風險資產服從ARIMA-GARCH(Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic )模型,並得到較高的保證成本。 / The main characteristic of variable annuities (VA) with minimum benefits is that the benefit will be guaranteed. Previous literatures assume a specific underling asset return process when considering the guaranteed cost of VA; but they do not consider the portfolio choice opportunity of the policyholders. However, it is common for policyholders to rebalance his portfolio in many types of VA products. Therefore it’s important for insurance companies to apply an approximate method to measure the guaranteed cost.
In this research, we assume that there are two potential assets in policyholders’ portfolio; one with high risk and high return and the other one with low risk and low return. The utility function of the policyholder is assumed to follow a power utility. We consider the asset allocation effect on the guaranteed cost for a VA with guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits, finding that the guaranteed cost will increase 12% compared with a specific underling asset.
The model effect of the asset return process is also examined by considering two different asset processes, the lognormal model and ARIMA-GARCH model. The solution of dynamic programming problem is solved by the numerical approach proposed by Huang (2009). Finally we get the conclusion which the guaranteed cost given by the ARIMA-GARCH model is greater than the lognormal model.
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