許多環境管理績效研究顯示廠商會受到許多內外部利害關係人的影響而促使廠商採行環境管理作為以提高環境管理績效。影響廠商行為的利害關係人有不同的類型(Freeman, 1984)，在環境管理議題方面，主要影響廠商行為的利害關係人有四種類型，分別為：規範性、組織性、社區和媒體(Henriques and Sadorsky, 1999)。其中規範性利害關係人對廠商環境管理行為的影響深遠(Cordano, Marshall And Silverman 2010; 2010 Darnall, Heniques and Sadorsky, 2010)。其次，股東也是對廠商環境管理行為具有影響力的利害關係人(Flammer, 2013)。再者，Kassinis and Vafeas (2006)發現在美國，社區型利害關係人壓力有助於提昇工廠的環境管理績效水準。然而，既有研究尚未清楚探討，利害關係人對新興經濟體廠商實際污染行為產生是否影響？據此，關於利害關係人與廠商實際環境污染行為的實證，本研究發現，本國大股東、國外法人股東，和已開發國家客戶等利害關係人的壓力皆會正向影響廠商實際環境污染行為。然而，設置獨立董事會導致廠商實際環境污染行為機率提高的實證結果，本研究將深入討論。 最後，本研究以微觀基礎架構去剖析廠商回應利害關係人要求，發展出符合環境管理規範的回應能力。本研究透過個案研究與內容分析等方式，區分出三種類型環境管理規範，分別是技術應用型環境管理規範、專業知識型環境管理規範，和跨領域專業知識型環境管理規範。針對不同類型的環境管理規範，廠商也發展出三種類型環境管理規範回應能力，分別是：單一部門整合回應能力、跨部門整合回應能力，和跨領域整合回應能力，並進一步討論不同環境管理規範和廠商環境管理規範回應能力的關係，以及說明研究限制和後續建議。 / There are many environmental management performance studies have shown that many firms will be affected by internal and external stakeholders, their pressures force firms to improve their environmental management performance as they adopt environmental management act. Different stakeholders’ pressures influence the behavior of firm (Freeman, 1984). To environmental management issues, there are four types of stakeholders may affect firm’s behavior, namely: normative, organizational, community and media (Henriques and Sadorsky, 1999). The normative stakeholder influence firm’s environmental management act deeply (Cordano , Marshall And Silverman 2010; 2010 Darnall, Heniques and Sadorsky, 2010) . In addition, shareholders also influence firm’s environmental management actions (Flammer, 2013). Kassinis and Vafeas (2006) found that in the United States, community-based stakeholders improve factory’s environmental management performance. However, the relationship between stakeholder’s pressures and emerging markets firm’s actual pollution behavior has not been clear. Relationships between Stakeholders and firm’s actual pollution behavior, our empirical findings show that home country’s major shareholders, foreign institutional shareholders, and developed country customers may positively improve actual pollution behavior of emerging market firm. However, firm with independent board directors may lead to increase firm’s actual pollution behavior; we also have intensely discussion to this empirical result. Finally, this study use the micro-foundation framework to demonstrate firm’s development of environmental management regulation’ responding capacities. This study uses case studies and content analysis to distinguish three types of environmental management regulations, which are technology applied environmental management regulation, professional knowledge-based environmental management regulation, and interdisciplinary knowledge-based environmental management regulation. With different types of environmental management regulations, firm developed three types’ capabilities to respond to those environmental management regulations, namely: single department's intergation ability to fit enrionmental management regulations, cross-department integration capability to fit emvironmental management resulations, and interdisciplinary integration capability to fit environmental management regulatuons, then we discuss the relationships between different types of environmental management regulations and firm’s integration capability to fit environmental regulations. Research limitations and future research issues also discussed.

不動產產業近年來持續蓬勃發展，關於不動產相關的服務，亦成為各家不動產同行的兵家必爭之地。如何以好的服務創新，激發潛在買家對於特定建案的興趣，進而促成交易，帶動不動產業者之營運績效，可謂本研究之一大要點。 　　而資訊科技的日新月異，更是服務創新之一大契機。過去的不動產服務，往往必須以實體界面提供；然而，若是透過資訊平台進行服務提供，那可望有機會提供更完整且更加及時的服務，而且伴隨網際網路的威力，可以讓服務更加無所不在。每年我國不動產成交數量成千上萬，但是仿間資訊並不一定能完全滿足需要，買家和賣家之間存在資訊不對稱，是故，利用資訊系統進行服務創新降低資訊不對稱極具商機。 　　本研究透過學者邱志聖於2001年所提出的策略4C理論架構，使用V公司作為個案研究的案例，探討不動產產業利用網際網路提供服務創新的議題，希望能對不動產產業之產學界有所助益。 / Real estate industry continues to flourish in recent years, and services related to real estate industry have also become a battleground of firms in that industry. How to utilize better service innovation to inspire potential buyers' interest in specific building cases, to prompt trading, and to boost operating performance of those industries are all major points in this study. 　　The rapid changes in information technology can also be regarded as one of the great opportunity for service innovation. In the past, the real estate services often base on physical interface; however, through the information platform, it is more likely to provide a more timely service.Moreover, the power of the Internet has made service more ubiquitous. The volume of China's real estate transactions mounts tens of thousands each year, but the information in the market place does not fully meet the needs. Information asymmetry exists between buyers and sellers, therefore,using of information system to improve services innovation and to reduce information asymmetry can be regarded as a profitable niche. 　　This study, through the strategy 4C theoretical framework proposed by a scholar Jyh-Shen Chiou in 2001, using V Company as a case study, explores the issue of real estate industry's usage of the Internet to provide service innovation, in hopes that the results will be helpful for the real estate industry and the academia.

本文以遠東國際商業銀行為個案研究銀行，探討個案銀行經營績效(以CAMEL架構為衡量指標)之良窳與法人金融授信業務之狀況。經過蒐集與分析大量的財務數據後，發現個案銀行在平均每位員工獲利能力、資產報酬率(ROA)、股東權益報酬率(ROE)與流動準備率上表現優異。然而，投資收益與存放款利率差的表現相對落後，並且觀察到定期存款比率過高，可能是導致存放款利率差縮小的原因。在法人金融授信業務上，發現遠東商銀的法人金融授信金額佔總體授信金額的比重偏低，將會提高過度仰賴個人金融授信業務所面臨的違約風險。除此之外，相較於主要競爭銀行，遠東商銀法人金融授信業務的資產品質亦有改善的空間。最後，依據遠東商銀所面臨的問題，本文針對整體經營績效提出兩項建議：(1) 多元化金融商品與財富管理服務；(2) 深化客戶線上金融服務使用率。另針對法人金融授信業務提出三項建議：(1) 深耕既有法人客戶；(2) 擴大海外聯貸市場參貸與擴增銀行資產；(3) 開發中小企業授信業務。

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

University of Macau / Faculty of Education