茲扼要說明章節與內容如后： 第一章：緒論─第一節：研究動機與題目界定。第二節：研究假設與基本模型。第三 節：研究方法。 第二章：廠衛的基礎及其背景─第一節：君主專制。第二節：法家思想。第三節：懦 家思想。 第三章：廠衛的制度─第一節：廠衛的發展，第二節：廠衛的組織。第三節：廠衛的 職權。第四節：廠衛的甄補。第五節：廠衛的領導。第六節：廠衛的關係。 第四章：廠衛的運作及其影響─第一節：懷柔策略。第二節：高壓策略。第三節：官 僚體係。 第五章：結論。

近年來，隨著公民意識抬頭，西方資本主義不斷受到質疑與挑戰，企業不能再把「為股東追求最大利潤」作為企業存在的唯一目標，而是應該考量到企業和其他利益關係人(Stakeholder)之間的關係。而這樣的觀念，正巧和宏碁(acer)前董事長施振榮先生所提出之「王道」(Wangdao)精神相呼應，亦即中國儒家的經商哲學，筆者稱之為中國的經濟思想，是一種對西方資本主義的修正。如何借鏡中國的儒家思想，修正傳統西方資本主義的弊端，減緩持續擴大的貧富差距與分配不平等，便成為了本研究的研究動機。 本研究以質性研究作為研究方法，又可細分為文獻蒐集與深度訪談。第二章透過大量的文獻蒐集與閱讀，作為研究結果的假說依據，並於第四、第五章輔以深度訪談研究對象，作為理論結果的證據。 研究結果顯示，中國經濟思想因包含了儒家學說，對於「義」和「利」的價值順序，與西方資本主義有很明顯的不同。在企業經營的過程中，若能將儒家思想放入其中，則更容易達到「共創價值、利益平衡、永續經營」的理想目標。此外，透過本研究的結果，我們也能發現宗教信仰對於組織的重要性。以本研究中的伊甸基金會為例，便能清楚發現基督信仰與儒家思想在該組織中的融合，並且在潛移默化的過程中指導每一位組織成員的行為與表現。 / In recent years, with the rise of civic awareness, Capitalism has been questioned and challenged. "maximizing profits for shareholders" is no longer the only goal of company. Instead, company should consider the relationship between company and other Stakeholders. This concept is same with "Wangdao" proposed by Stan Shih, the acer former chairman, that is, the Chinese Confucian philosophy, I call it China's economic thinking. How to draw lessons from Chinese Confucianism, revise the drawbacks of Capitalism and slow down the widening gap between rich and poor and distribution inequality has become the motive of this research. In this study, qualitative research is used as a research method, but also can be divided into literature collection and interviews. The second chapter is based on literature collection and reading, as the hypothesis of the results, and in the fourth and fifth supplemented by interviews with the object, as the theoretical results of the evidence. The results show that the Chinese economic thought contains the Confucian doctrine, the value of "righteousness" and "benefit", it has a huge difference with Capitalism. In the course of business, if we can put Confucianism into it, it is easier to achieve "create value, balance of interests, sustainable development," the ideal goal. In addition, through the results of this study, we can also find the importance of religious beliefs for the organization. In this study, the Eden Foundation, for example, will be able to clearly find the Christian faith and Confucianism in the integration of the organization, and in the subtle process of guiding each member of the organization's behavior and performance.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Chinese

Depuis son adoption de la « Convention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel » en 2003, la Chine a lancé au niveau national, le répertoire de son patrimoine culturel immatériel, et a élaboré, mis en action des mesures pour sa sauvegarde. Pékin, ancienne capitale des cinq dynasties, possède une source abondante du patrimoine culturel immatériel. Les vieilles enseignes pékinoises représentent un vecteur particulier du patrimoine oral, l’art de la dénomination, l’art de l’enseigne, la culture traditionnelle à travers le Confucianisme ainsi que des savoir-faire. Cependant, par rapport à la valorisation économique, la valorisation culturelle de ces entreprises a été longtemps négligée. En recourant à la formulation du patrimoine culturel immatériel, le présent travail a voulu explorer et étudier la pluralité du patrimoine immatériel des vieilles enseignes pékinoises, afin de montrer son enjeu dans le développement et la pérennité de ces enseignes ainsi que pour la préservation de la culture locale de Pékin. / Since its adoption of the « Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage », China has launched in its territory, the identification of its intangible cultural heritage, and has elaborated, applied the safeguarding methods accordingly. Beijing, capital of five dynasties in ancient times, possesses an abundant resource of intangible cultural heritage. The time-honored brands, for example, are the vehicle of several elements strongly local-colored, such as oralheritage, name art, art of sign-board, traditional philosophy mainly represented by Confucianism, and traditional craftsmanship. Nonetheless, the cultural valorization of Beijing’s time-honored brands has not been stressed, on the contrary to their economical valorization. Relying on the formulation of intangible cultural heritage, this study explored and examined the plurality of these time-honored brands’ intangible heritage, in order to demonstrate its importance for these brands’ development and durability, as well as for the preservation of Beijing’s local culture. / 自从2003 年中国加入«非物质文化遗产保护公约»以来，开展了对其非物质文化遗产的 全面普查，并相应制定和执行了保护政策及措施。北京，作为中国五朝古都，拥有极为丰富 的非物质文化遗产资源。北京老字号就承载了从口头遗产，命名艺术，牌匾艺术，以儒家为 代表的传统思想，到其传统技艺等极具北京特色的项目。但是相对于其经济价值，北京老字 号的文化价值长期处于被忽视的地位。本文利用非物质文化遗产概念的提出，发掘并研究了 北京老字号的非物质文化遗产的多面性，借以阐明其对这些企业的生存和发展，及其对维持 北京地方文化特色的重要性。