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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

有線電視產業因應分級付費制度策略之研究

蔡淑瑜 Unknown Date (has links)
有線電視處於媒體匯流、集團競爭、多頻道電視,以及區隔化行銷的時代,面臨如此混沌複雜、快速變動的市場生態,如何運用新的傳播科技與政策,掌握國際潮流與消費者習性,以助於台灣媒體產業發展,對政府、業界,或是閱聽人而言,都是相當重要的課題。 於民國九十年元月所推行的定址鎖碼制度,為原本複雜紊亂的台灣有線電視市場,投入另一項未知的變數。將台灣有線電視的發展史分成兩大部分來看,首先自非法第四台業者就地合法成為有線電視業者之後,為民眾帶來更多樣的娛樂與資訊,甚至成為多數人生活的一部分。然而這個看似蓬勃發展的產業,也像其前身「第四台」般,出現嚴重的市場失序的問題,如斷訊、併頻、廣告插播、聯賣統購等。在這樣的情況之下,對於有線電視分級付費制度的推行來說,並不有利。 另一方面,由於台灣有線電視市場歷經第四台削價競爭的時期,且長期以來多以成批訂價(bundle pricing)的方式向收視戶收費,亦即訂戶繳交一定數額的月費,就可以收看該系統所有的頻道。因此,有許多民眾對於費率調漲的幅度相當敏感,缺乏「使用者付費」的觀念。這種收費方式隨著有線電視合法化與市場環境的變化,已非世界潮流的趨勢,也不符合經濟效益。 根據文獻指出,在歐美各國行之多年的分級付費制度,有助於有線電視產業的發展與確保收視戶的權益,但對於台灣的傳播環境而言,這項在頻道規劃、行銷策略、交易機制等與過往迥然不同的新制度,其效益是否能達到預期,尚有待驗證。舉例而言,苗栗信和有線電視於民國八十六年七月試圖推出分級付費制度,然因其他競爭對手多以一次付費的收費方式與之抗衡而終告失敗。 根據上述之成因,本文欲瞭解分級付費制度對有線電視產業的影響,以及不同區位的系統業者的因應策略,包括MSO與獨立系統業者,其具體目的有三:一、探討有線電視分級付費制度相關之文獻、理論,做為本文之研究基礎;二、分析台灣有線電視目前的市場現況,與曾經實施分級付費系統業者的情況,以找出癥結所在;三、最後透過我國有線電視系統業者對分級付費的看法與策略,包括MSO與獨立系統業者,以提出未來方向及相關建議。 因此,本文根據傳播生態學的觀點與分析層次,建立研究架構,透過政策、市場、消費者,與業者四大面向來探討我國有線電視系統業者實施分級付費的環境;在行銷策略方面,引用行銷管理學中市場區隔、顧客行銷,以及SWOT分析,來瞭解系統業者的分級付費策略,以進行比較分析。 從研究結果的整理發現,台灣在推行有線電視分級付費的困難處包括:政策規劃不完善、市場機制不健全、消費者接受度不高、片源不足、定址解碼器數位化等。由於台灣有線電視歷經第四台削價競爭的時代,而且長期以來,是以每月付基本費用,即可收看所有頻道的交易模式。因此,其所待克服的問題勢必很多。 另一方面,分析東森、和信、太平洋衛視,與興雙和有線電視系統業者的資料顯示,在實施定址鎖碼制度之後,系統業者擔憂收視戶反彈的程度由強轉弱,且均以推廣定址解碼器的普及度與建構雙向網路為優先。同時系統業者試以軟體或服務的品質為誘因,進行頻道規劃與市場區隔的行銷策略,頻道與系統業者也因此逐漸走向合作態勢或尋求異業聯盟。 根據上述研究結果,提出以下幾點建議:在政策層面,政府應先放寬結構性管制,訂定主要的方向與目標,細節與內容部分則交由市場運作,並制定一套明確的管理辦法與推動時程表,輔助業者宣導「使用者付費」的觀念,以利該制度的推行;在業者層面,應以企業本身的定位為基礎,發展適宜的行銷策略,並加強與民眾的溝通,掌握分級付費實施的時點,加速有線電視產業升級,以提供更多元豐富的服務;在消費者層面,隨著有線電視成為台灣民眾生活的一部分,收視戶應體認到自身的需求,培養「使用者付費」的觀念,進一步展現閱聽人主動的特質,發揮消費者應有的權利。
2

國民中學實施教師分級制可行性之研究-以北區國民中學為例

江樹嶸 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討教育部所規劃教師分級制的可行性。本研究選取北區233所公立國民中學為調查樣本,回收有效問卷共計806份。本研究探討的主題有:教師分級制的目的、教師分級制的級數與名稱、教師分級制審查機制的組成、教師分級制教師的權責、教師分級制的待遇與福利、教師分級制的配套措施、教師分級制的可能缺失、教師分級制的可行性等八個變項。本研究並以各項統計方法進行數項假設考驗,所得重要結果如下: 一、教師分級制的實施有60﹪教師認為可促進教師進修研習等效能。 二、教師分級制的職級以四級為宜,各職級的名稱宜適合本國國情為佳。 三、教師分級制各職級教師的權責應明確區分。 四、教師分級制審查機制的組成須具有客觀、公平、公開的評鑑方式。 五、教師分級制的待遇與福利各職級應有明顯區別與差異。 六、教師分級制應有相關進修、證照、獎懲等全方位的配套措施。 七、實施教師分級制可能衍生對教學不利等的疑慮問題。 八、教師分級制的推行須良性雙向溝通及加強宣導,以利教師分級制的實施。 關鍵詞:國民中學、生涯發展、教師分級制度 / The purpose of this study was to analyze the feasibility of teacher career ladder system. 233 public junior high schools were selected as the sample for the investigation. Altogether, a total of 806 copies of the questionnaire were successfully collected. The key issues of the study included, the purposes of practicing teacher’s career ladder system, the degree titles and numbers of the career ladder, the composition of the mechanism to review teacher’s promoting, powers and responsibilities of teacher’s career ladder system, the pay and welfare of Career ladder system, the supporting measures of teacher’s career ladder system , the possible shortcomings in teacher’s career ladder system and the feasibility of teacher’s career ladder system for a total of eight variables. The study proceeded with various hypotheses and tests through various statistical methods. The findings of the study were summarized as follows: 1. There were 60% teachers indicate career ladder system could promote the in-service training.. 2. The career ladder should divide into four degrees, the titles of every degrees should name in consideration of local circumstances. 3. The responsibilities of every degree should be definite and unequivocal. 4. The composition of the mechanism should be followed with a subjective, just and open evaluation process. 5. Significant difference on pay and welfare between different degrees should be made. 6. Several measures in relation to in-service training, certification, rewards and punishment, should be come along with the implement of teacher’s career ladder system. 7. Problems would be derived from the practice of teacher’s career ladder system. 8. Two-way benign communication and announcement enhancement were inevitable during the promotion of Teacher’s career ladder system. Key words: Junior high schools, career development, career ladder system.
3

有線電視服務願付價格之探討

胡金菁 Unknown Date (has links)
消費者在有線電視需求面上扮演關鍵性的角色。所以本文針對消費者在面對有線電視產業時,一個新的分級付費制度或付費頻道及計次付費頻道的願付價格進行探究。本文根據有線電視消費者特性建立願付價格模型,應用全國性抽樣訪查資料,參考Schwer and Daneshvary(1995)願付價格實證作法。另外在資料的模型假設上進行統計檢定,進而估算消費者對有線電視「整體」、「基本頻道」、「付費頻道」、「計次付費頻道」的願付價格。並探討其影響變數。
4

國民中學教師分級制度及其影響之研究:以臺北縣為例

周仁尹 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要目的在探討教師分級制度的理論基礎,分析國外實施教師分級制度的基本狀況;以臺北縣國中教師為調查與訪談對象,分析國中教師對於教師分級內容及影響等相關問題的看法,根據研究結果與結論,提出具體建議,以作為教育行政機關、學校、教師及未來研究的參考。   本研究主要係採文獻分析、問卷調查方式進行,其中文獻分析旨在探討的教師分級意義與影響,動機理論及相關研究等,以作為本研究設計之理論基礎,而問卷調查及實施程序針對台北縣七十三所公立國中八十九學年度之合格在職教師為研究對象,採取立意抽樣方式,每校抽取12名,共計發出876份問卷,回收753份,回收率86%,回收可用問卷636份,回收可用率84.5%。問卷的處理採用SPSS 8.0 for Windows套裝統計軟體,進行百分比、平均數、標準差、單因子變異數分析、Scheffe、Tamhane's T2法進行事後檢定及卡方考驗等統計分析。   本研究依據文獻分析、問卷調查與訪談結果,針對研究問題,主要發現如下:   一、臺北縣國民中學教師對教師分級制度表示同意及非常同意的人數達64.9%。   二、大多數臺北縣國民中學教師支持本研究所描述之教師分級制度內容。    超過五成以上支持以歷年考績、在職進修學分、學歷、經歷(導師、組長、主任)、教學服務年資、著作發表、教師專業成長檔案為晉級條件。    晉級年限以每晉一級以五年為最高(30.3%)。    超過五成以上支持各職級教師之工作規劃內容,高低依序為「教師職級高者應負擔指導新進實習教師工作(89%)」、「教師職級高者應擔任學校本位課程發展規劃工作(79.6%)」、「負擔教學輔導與演示的工作(72.4%)」、「負擔較多的教學研究工作(69.9%)」、「負擔學校教師的升級評鑑工作(68.9%)」、「教師職級高者授課時數應比教師職級低者少(59.2%)」。    各職級稱呼以「初級、中堅、專家、顧問教師」的同意情形最高(45.4%)。    學校層級之晉級審查委員會成員的支持程度人數超過五成以上,高低依序為考核委員(教評會委員)(78.3%)、學科(各領域)召集人(78%)、校長(71%)、學校行政人員(60.2%)。   三、臺北縣國民中學教師對教師分級制度影響的看法,各構面的支持程度普遍偏高。    對實施教師分級制度可能產生的十個問題中,有九個問題同意程度超過五成以上,高低依序為評鑑程序及公平性(84.6%)、晉級審查委員會成員資格(80.2%)、學生學習成果難以評鑑的問題(80%)、晉級年限合理性問題(76%)、造成階級鬥爭,容易產生標籤作用(75.5%)、教師彼此競爭、影響校園合諧(63.1%)、無法解決不適任教師問題(61.3%)、家長及社區人士對教師層級的評價(55.9)。其中同意程度最低的問題為「獎勵方式不足以引起教師晉級動機」,顯示實施教師分級制度中有關的獎勵方式對台北縣國中教師而言並非主要關注的議題。   四、臺北縣國民中學教師背景變項,對教師分級制度內容的看法    在「為建立教師專業發展體系,實施教師分級制度」之同意情形:    性別方面,男性教師高於女性教師。    年齡方面,29歲以下教師高於30至49歲年齡層之教師。    服務地區方面,縣轄市教師高於鄉鎮地區之教師。    學校規模方面,61班以上大型學校教師高於12班以下小型學校之教師。   五、臺北縣國民中學教師背景變項,對教師分級制度影響的看法    在「教師分級制度可增進教學願意,達成教學目標」之同意情形,在服務年資方面,年資為1~5年教師高於16年以上教師。    「教師分級制度有助於教師獲得學生、家長、同仁及社會的讚賞」之同意情形在性別方面,男性教師高於女性教師。    「教師分級制度可增進教學願意,達成教學目標」及「有助於教師獲得學生、家長、同仁及社會的讚賞」之同意情形在學校規模方面,61班以上大型學校高於13-60班學校之教師。    「教師分級制度可檢核教師能力,提昇教師工作效能」之同意情形在學校規模方面,61班以上大型學校教師高於13~60班及12班以下小型學校之教師。
5

台灣有線電視收視戶對分級付費制度接受意願之探討 / A study of Taiwan cable TV viewers' willingness to accept the tiering system

傅俊貿, Fu, Chun Mao Unknown Date (has links)
為探討台灣有線電視收視戶對「分級付費制度」之接受意願,本文參考相關文獻,建立台灣有線電視收視戶對「分級付費制度」接受意願的邏輯式模型(logit model),並採用中央通訊社於2000年8月針對台灣有線電視收視戶進行電話訪查之調查資料進行實證分析,先以圖表進行交叉分析,再進行邏輯式迴歸分析,探討消費者人口統計變數(如性別、教育程度等)、收視行為資料(如每日收看有線電視時數、最常收看頻道數等)對「分級付費制度」接受意願之影響程度。依實證結果,男性、教育程度較高、年齡較大、每日收看有線電視時數較低、收看頻道數目較少及目前繳交有線電視費用較高之收視戶,較有意願接受「分級付費制度」。 / To analyze Taiwan cable TV viewers’ willingness to accept the tiering system, this study first attempts to build a theoretical model of cable TV viewers’ willingness to accept the tiering system based on prior related researches. Secondly, this study applies the logit model to estimate cable TV viewers’ willingness to accept the tiering system based on Central News Agency (CNA) 2000 survey data of cable TV viewers. The empirical results show that male viewers are more willing to accept the tiering system than female. Besides, age, education and current monthly cable TV fee have significantly positive impact on cable TV viewers’ willingness to accept the tiering system while daily watching hours and the number of channels viewed have significantly negative impacts.
6

寬頻影音網站不當內容管制之探討

林合清, Lin , H. C. Unknown Date (has links)
網際網路的規範向來具有爭議。監督團體與立法機關往往基於保護兒童及青少年免於受到不當資訊的影響,對於網際網路散佈的內容要求相當程度的管制。然而,此類規範經常導致主張言論自由亦應延伸至網際網路媒體的民權團體多所詬病。在回顧我國先前對於網際網路的規範以及相關案例之後,本研究綜合各界論點探討未來寬頻影音內容服務網站可行的規範之道。 截至目前為止,關於網際網路內容規範相關研究已成篇累牘。現行最適宜的解決之道紛紛指向採用安裝過濾軟體以及實施網站分級制度。民國九十三年四月二十六日行政院新聞局發布「電腦網路內容分級處理辦法」,希冀藉以解決目前規範網際網路缺乏法源以及分級制度採行標準的問題。但亂象叢生的網際網路,似乎無法在朝夕之間產生良善的轉變。例如,影音內容服務業者經營色情影音服務;利用寬頻影音網路視訊交友而進行色情交易的事件;利用影音聊天室散佈性交易訊息;抑或是學術網站的自律不嚴謹,引發種種批評與討論等。同時,該辦法目前僅針對「網站」進行分級,尚未落實至「網頁」分級的程度,對於寬頻影音內容的管理更是付之闕如。 針對網際網路不當資訊以及缺乏法令管制所呈現的困境,本研究目的包括: 一、探討國內寬頻影音內容服務網站各類不當資訊; 二、探討國內對於寬頻影音內容服務網站現行規範法規及其不足之處; 三、探討國際間對於寬頻影音內容服務不當資訊現行管制規範形式; 四、探討國內未來對於寬頻影音內容不當資訊具可行性之管制規範形式; 五、提供國內寬頻影音內容服務業者、公益媒體監督團體及政府行政機關未來規範不當資訊之建議。 為兼顧網際網路的自由與發展,本文綜合文獻分析及深度訪談資料,臚列以下建議:一、業者再改善身份認證系統及收費機制;二、政府妥善拿捏輔佐角色;三、規劃網際網路分級制度實施辦法相關配套法令;四、教育體制配合輔導健全的網路素養;五、落實網際網路舉報不法網站業者熱線。
7

從遠程醫療的運作看中國大陸醫療改革- 以穿戴式裝置引入為例 / Medical reform in mainland China from the operation of telemedicine - Take the introduction of wearable devices as an example

謝宗憲 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來遠程醫療成為中國大陸大力推動的政策,其不僅被賦予催化分級醫療的角色,在照護產業應用上亦被寄予厚望。本研究透過穿戴式裝置的例子,說明遠程醫療的推動仍面臨諸多挑戰。中央政府透過組建醫療聯合體、跨省技術等試點政策,大力推動遠程醫療。地方醫院基於保護醫療收益,對於遠程醫療抱持著不配合的態度,地方政府之間的競爭亦加劇了這樣的發展,推動過程面臨了明顯的瓶頸。與遠程醫療最相近的產品應用,當屬穿戴式裝置,本研究指出在穿戴式裝置依然以地區醫院為母體,鮮少有跨不同事業單位的大規模串聯。從政策與產業兩大領域來看,遠程醫療要全面性推廣仍有一段路要走,然而中國大陸強力推動產業的決心仍值得吾人關注。 / In recent years, policy of telemedicine, proposed by Chinese mainland, played an important role in hierarchical medical system. The care industry has been highly expected. This study research data of the formation of medical treatment combination, interprovincial technology and other pilot policies which were proposed by central government with wearable device to describe the challenge of the promotion in telemedicine industry. In fact, local hospital keep an uncooperative attitude to develop remote medical care in order to protect the medical benefits. Furthermore, competitiveness between local governments made things worse. It is clear that the promotion of telemedicine is facing a bottleneck now. Wearable device, the closest product application in telemedicine industry, is used as keyword to search the data in dilemma of local hospitals. The result show that there is few small units across the large industry chain.From the policy and industry two major areas of view, comprehensive promotion of telemedicine is still a way to go, nonetheless, the Chinese mainland’s determination to promote the industry's is still worthy of my attention.
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國民中學實施教師專業評鑑制度之研究

鍾禮章 Unknown Date (has links)
國民中學實施教師專業評鑑制度之研究 摘 要 本研究旨在探討國民中學教師對於實施教師專業評鑑的意見,及相關配套措施差異性之看法,並進一步探究不同背景教師對於教育部規劃的教師專業評鑑制度有何看法上的差異。所研究之結果,希冀日後對於國民中學實施教師專業評鑑有所裨益。 為獲取國民中學教師對於實施教師專業評鑑之意見資料,本研究乃針對桃園縣、新竹縣市及苗栗縣等四縣市118所學校,寄發每校十二份問卷,合計寄發1328份問卷,回收有效問卷為997份。問卷回收後,以百分比及卡方(χ2)檢定考驗統計分析及處理相關資料,茲臚列重要研究結果如下: 一、在實施教師專業評鑑目的方面:國民中學教師對於教師專業評鑑之目的,以勾選形成性之評鑑目的最多,其中有六成以上教師勾選「協助教師改進教學方法」、「提供教師瞭解專業發展方向」及「樹立教師專業形象」三項;另外有四成以上教師勾選「作為處理教師在職進修之參考依據」、「建立教師生涯發展目標」及「處理不適任教師」等。 二、在實施教師專業評鑑原則方面:國民中學教師認為評鑑的原則應該把握下列原則:(一)評鑑目的要明確;(二)評鑑制度要健全;(三)評鑑過程要公開;(四)評鑑方式要多元;(五)評鑑結果要善用等。 三、在實施教師專業評鑑方式方面:(一)就評鑑人員而言,國民中學教師最能接受的評鑑方式依序是「教師自我評鑑」、「教師同儕評鑑」及「校內評鑑小組評鑑」;較不能接受非教育專業人員的評鑑。(二)就蒐集評鑑教師資料而言,國民中學教師最樂意接受「觀察教師教學及班級經營」,其餘依次是「檢視教師行政配合、獎懲、品德、勤惰及進修等文件紀錄」、「瞭解學生的學習成就」、「檢閱教師的教學檔案」、「查核教師自我評鑑資料」、及「審查批改學生作業情形」等。就實務面來說,唯有多元化蒐集評鑑資料,才能達到評鑑的客觀性。(三)就評鑑教師資料的處理方式而言,國民中學教師對於實施教師專業評鑑之後,提醒教師缺點的方式中,以「書面通知」及「面談」較受歡迎;而較不能接受以「不予通知只做年終總結性評鑑參考」及「公佈週知教師」的處理方式。(四)就評鑑教師的時機而言,國民中學教師對於實施教師專業評鑑較傾向於形成性的教師評鑑;均期待能透過評鑑之方式,以協助教師隨時改進教學方法,並促進教師專業成長。 四、在教師專業評鑑指標方面:國民中學教師認為評鑑指標的訂定,最符合學校需求的人員依序是「全校教師」、「學校各學習領域教師代表」及「學校行政人員」等;而指標的配分比例依序是「教學實務表現」佔20﹪,「訓導輔導表現」佔20﹪,「品德操守表現」佔20﹪,「專業成長表現」佔20﹪,「人際關係表現」佔10﹪,「行政紀錄表現」佔10﹪。 五、在教師專業評鑑結果的運用方面:國民中學教師對於評鑑優良教師的獎勵方式,其意向之優先順序是「給予獎金、晉俸、或年功俸之獎勵」、「給予嘉獎或獎章」、「給予休假機會」及「給予進修機會」等;而對於表現欠佳教師的處理方式,則認同之意向依序是「提供改進意見,限期實施複評」、「強制參加專業進修」及「留原俸級」等。 六、對於教育部規劃中的教師專業評鑑制度之看法方面:(一)國民中學有七成以上教師認為所有教師應該接受評鑑;然而就「以教師評鑑取代現行教職員考核方法」的贊成百分比例而言,校長群有85.7﹪贊成,教師兼行政人員有69.3﹪表示同意,至於一般教師則有52.7﹪表示認同;可見目前考核教師的辦法有待檢討修訂。(二)國民中學有七成以上教師贊成「教師只要通過教師評鑑就可以晉薪一級,並領取一個月薪給總額百分之九十至九十五的獎金」;至於「將全校教師一個月薪給總額的百分之五至十作為評鑑表現優異教師的獎金」方面,只有五成以上的教師認同;可見國中教師對於獎金發給之意見尚不一致,有待溝通建立共識。(三)國民中學約有七成左右教師對於「教師之晉薪與獎金之發給,乃依據教師評鑑結果而分開處理」表示認同;至於限制晉薪或獎金人數比例,則有七成以上教師非常反對;可見國中教師對於考核限制人數持不同看法。 七、不同背景教師對於實施教師專業評鑑制度相關配套措施之議題,多數呈現顯著差異之看法。 八、國民中學教師對於實施教師專業評鑑的作法,有七成以上教師認同能執行,唯對於評鑑的配套措施更殷切企盼能訂定健全的制度。因此,願教育界前輩除了能對後學的研究及建議加以斧正外,並祈能就此議題繼續探究以貢獻卓見。 關鍵詞:教師專業評鑑、教師成績考核、學校本位管理、教師專業評鑑指標、教師分級制、績優給付制、國民中學 / A Study on the Practice of Teacher Performance Evaluation of Junior High Schools ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to explore the junior high school teachers’ opinions about teacher evaluation as well as the supporting measures. It would further look into the discrepancies on the viewpoints of the Teacher Performance Evaluation System being mapped out by the Ministry of Education. The findings and results so yielded are to benefit future teacher evaluation in junior high schools. In order to hear junior high school teachers’ voices on the teacher evaluation, the study handed out a total of 1,328 copies of twelve questionnaires to 118 schools in Taoyuan County and Hsinchu County. A total of 997 copies successfully were collected and processed by means of percentage and Chi-square Test (x2). The major findings were listed below : 1. In the aspect of the enforcement of the teachers performance evaluation: In the purposes of the teachers performance evaluation in junior high schools, as appraised through checkmarks, over 60% of the respondents ticked three items, i.e., “helping teachers upgrade the teaching methods”, “providing sound orientations for teachers to make sure of the specialized development” and “building up the professional image of teachers”. Besides, over 40% of the teachers ticked “providing grounds to teachers in their on-the-job education”, “setting up goals of career development for both faculty and students” and “settling problems of incompetent teachers”. 2. In the aspect of the principles of enforcement of teachers performance evaluation: The junior high school teachers believed that the evaluation should firmly hold the following principles:(1) Definite and express objectives of evaluation; (2) Sound and wholesome evaluation systems; (3) Open evaluation process; (4) Multifaceted evaluation methods; (5) Maximum possible uses of the evaluation results. 3. In the aspect of the methods for enforcement in the teachers performance evaluation: (1) In terms of assessing personnel, the evaluation methods most acceptable to junior high school teachers are: “evaluation by teachers themselves”, “evaluation by peers themselves” and “evaluation by in-school evaluation task forces” in that order; and the less acceptable one is evaluation by non-educators. (2) In terms of data collection, the best acceptable one is “observation of teachers’ teaching and class management”, followed by “inspecting teachers’ coordination in administration, awards & punishment, conduct, attendance and higher education”; “looking into students’ achievement in learning”, “looking into teachers’ teaching archives”, “checking teachers’ self-evaluation files” and “review of teachers’ marking & correction on students’ homework”. In practice, only the multifaceted collection of evaluation will make possible detached and neutral evaluation. (3) In processing of evaluation over teachers, the junior high school teachers, after enforcement of the teacher performance evaluation, among those methods to remind teachers of shortcomings, “documented notices” and “interviews” are more popular. Those unpopular ones include notably “no notice, used for reference in the year-end conclusive evaluation only”, “keeping teachers informed through public announcement”. (4) In terms of evaluation timing, junior high school teachers are more inclined to formality evaluation over teachers in the hope to help teachers enhance the teaching methods and to boost expertise to grow. 4. In terms of the indices in teachers performance evaluation: In the evaluation indices in the mind of junior high school teachers, the best meeting school needs are “entire faculty”, “leading representatives of teachers in various fields” and “administrative staff at schools”. The indices are in such ratios of “performance of practical teaching” 20%; “discipline guidance” 20%; “performance in conduct” 20%; “performance in expertise growth” 20%, “performance in interpersonal relationships” 10%; “performance in administrative records” 10%. 5. Utilization of the results yielded in teachers performance evaluation: As to the methods to award outstanding teachers, the junior high school teachers responded with the view in such priority order: “encouragement of incentive, advance or annual award”, “conferment of citations or medals”, “chances for vacation days”, “chances for higher education”. Toward teachers of unsatisfactory performance, the preferred measures include “offering advice and rechecking within the specified time limit”; “compulsory higher training” and “no-raise”. 6. Viewpoints about the schoolteacher evaluation system being mapped out by the Ministry of Education: (1) In junior high schools, over 70% of the teachers uphold that teachers should receive evaluation. Over the idea of “taking schoolteacher evaluation instead of the current evaluation method”, 85.7% of school principals said yes, 69.3% of administrative staff & faculty said yes while 52.7% of general teachers backed the idea. Such results suggest that the current evaluation or rating systems leave much room to reassess. (2) In junior high schools, over 70% of the teachers back the idea that “teachers should be upgraded by one degree plus incentive at 90~95% of one month’s salary as long as they successfully pass evaluation”; only over 50% of them backed the idea of “taking 5%~10% of the payroll of the entire faculty of the school as an incentive to outstanding teachers” These findings suggest that junior high school teachers are still in discrepancies in terms of incentives to teachers. (3) In junior high schools, approximately 70% of the teachers back that “teachers should receive salaries and incentives only based on the results of evaluation over teachers but over 70% of them objected to the idea of restricting the quotas for advancement or incentives”. These factors found in the questionnaire survey suggest that junior high school teachers have discrepancies in terms of negative measures against teachers on the grounds of evaluation results. 7. Over the supporting measures related to teacher evaluation on good performances, teachers of different backgrounds showed significant discrepancies in the responses. 8. Over the teachers performance evaluation of junior high schools, over 70% of the teachers agreed and hoped that the evaluation would be put into enforcement. They further expect to see wholesome systems about the coordinating measures. It is, therefore, hoped that those veteran and senior educators would kindly offer advice and comments with continuing studies on these issues. Key words: Teachers performance evaluation; performance rating for teachers; school-based management; indicators of teachers performance evaluation; Career ladder program of teacher ; merit-pay for outstanding performance, junior high schools.
9

消費者對「付費頻道」、「計次付費頻道」接受意願之探討

潘育銘, Pan , Yu- Ming Unknown Date (has links)
台灣自1993年公佈「有線電視法」後,有線電視產業發展快速,系統業者為因應市場的激烈競爭,紛採取垂直整合、合併或購併方式,致使廠商家數變化異常;同時由於採取整批收費方式,在價格上限管制之下,系統業者對市場具有壟斷力量,莫不提高收費管制上限的水準;而節目與廣告內容在不分級之下,可能影響青少年身心發展,依此多數學者與新聞局企圖引進「分級付費制度」及推出「付費頻道」與「計次付費頻道」以解決上述問題。有關「付費頻道」與「計次付費頻道」之供應,可增加市場服務之多樣性,然消費者的接受意願及真正的偏好。首先,本文應用巢式多項式羅吉特模型探討消費者對「分級付費制度」與現行整批收費方式的選擇意願;其次,再探討消費者選擇「分級付費制度」下,有關「付費頻道」與「計次付費頻道」的選擇意願模型;最後,應用台灣有線電視消費者的問卷資料對上述巢式羅吉特模型進行實證估計,並根據實證結果,嘗試對有線電視業者在提供「付費頻道」與「計次付費頻道」等節目時新服務管理策略的建議。
10

有線電視分組付費可能實施方式之研究 / The Research of Possible Executive Ways of CATV Channel Tiering

林軒如, Lin, Hsuan-Ju Unknown Date (has links)
台灣有線電視早期因業者惡性競爭,採大量增加頻道、降價促銷方式爭取訂戶,形成獨特的「大碗公」收視文化,民眾支付六百元月租費,即可收看約一百個基本頻道。有線電視頻道雖多,但消費者事實上無力收視,卻仍需為其付費,同時無法選擇符合個人需求的頻道內容。在「大碗公」收視文化下,消費者收視權益難以保障,頻譜無法有效利用則造成社會資源浪費。 近年來消費者意識抬頭,反應希望收看較少的頻道並支付較少費用;為回應消費者擇其所好之收視需求,政府方面提倡實施「分組付費制度」。分組付費制度可落實使用者付費觀念,有助於業者提高市場運作績效、杜絕私接戶,並可保護青少兒收視環境。 過去業者曾經實施分級付費,然而並不成功;其後,政府方面亦提出數種分組付費模式,但截至目前各界仍未達成共識。分組付費立意良善,未能推動實為可惜,因此研究者針對產、官、學進行深度訪談,探討分組付費過去失敗因素、目前面臨問題、各界對分組付費之態度,試圖匯整不同意見,探討分組付費未來可能實施之方式。 研究結果發現,現階段分組付費面臨諸多問題。「大碗公」收視文化使消費者欠缺「使用者付費」精神;加上消費者對於目前有線電視滿意度頗高,推動新制動力不足。此外數位機上盒裝機意願低,亦影響分組付費之推動。業者方面,分組付費將使系統業者收視費之收益降低、購片成本提高;頻道業者廣告收益大幅減少,宣傳行銷成本上升,因此業者反對實施。政府方面認為現階段推動分組付費確有一定困難,但為維護消費者收視權益,未來仍應繼續推動。學者專家則呈現市場開放與加強管制的兩極意見。 雖然分組付費議題目前仍然缺乏共識,但研究者由研究過程中釐清現階段分組付費面臨問題,可供未來研究者針對問題擬定解決方案。研究者亦發現,分組付費並非孤立之政策,其與產業結構、數位化…等議題息息相關,建議未來可由結構面進行探討,同時思考有線電視數位化、相關法規之研議修訂…等議題。此外,為促使有線電視費率合理化,建議相關單位積極輔導其他媒體平台,促成市場公平競爭機制,並擬定具體之數位化政策,提供有線電視業者誘因與獎勵,以較有彈性的角度來思考分組付費問題。 / Because of the serious competition, during early developing time, Taiwan’s CATV system operators provided lots of channels and greatly lowered the CATV price to promote channel services. This promotion strategy has run for years and formed a very unique CATV environment in Taiwan. CATV consumers only have to pay NTD. 600 per month, then they can watch about 100 basic channels nowadays. Although CATV consumers can watch so many channels, they don’t really have so much time watching them all but still have to pay for them. Besides, the CATV bundling price doesn’t allow consumers to choose the channels they really need and want. On the social resource perspective, the CATV bundling pricing strategy keeps CATV channels from being used effectively and brings a waste. In recent years, consumers’ awareness of their rights is getting stronger. Consumers begin to find out the possibilities of paying fewer CATV price and watch fewer channels. In order to respond to the need of consumers, the government advocated CATV channel tiering policy. Channel tiering brings several advantages: consumers can be more active and own more choices; the CATV industry can work more effectively and system operators can prevent those who access CATV services illegally. Also, the advanced technology and hardware of channel tiering can prevent juveniles from watching inappropriate CATV programs. In the past, some CATV system operators tried to implement channel tiering, but it was not successful. The government also advocated several kinds of channel tiering models, but until now, there is still no consensus. CATV channel tiering is basically a good policy for consumers, and it’s a pity that this policy can’t be successfully execute. Therefore, by in-depth interview, the researcher of this study collects opinions from managers of CATV industry, government members and professors to discuss the failure reasons of channel tiering, the problems of execute channel tiering nowadays and different attitude toward this issue. Furthermore, the researcher tries to integrate different opinions to find out possible executive ways of channel tiering in the future. According to the research findings, CATV channel tiering faces many complicated problems now. First, because of the “bowling CATV culture”, Taiwan’s CATV consumers lack for the spirit of “user-payer” principle. Besides, they are pretty satisfied with the CATV services now and have no intention to push a new policy. Furthermore, consumers’ intentions to order digital CATV services and the distribution of DSTB are pretty low, and this situation barriers to the implementation of channel tiering, too. As to the CATV industry, the implementation will affect both CATV systems and channels, so the CATV industry objects to this policy. In order to preserve the rights of consumers, the government members hold that CATV channel tiering policy should execute in the future although it faces many difficulties now. They suggest the government should find an appropriate way and keep pushing this policy. The opinions from professors are very divergent. Some consider that the government should open the CATV market and give the industry more freedom, but some consider that the government should regulate more strictly. Although there is still no consensus on CATV channel tiering, the researcher has some findings during the research process. CATV channel tiering is a very complicated policy which relates to lots of other policies, laws and issues. Therefore, the researcher advices that the channel tiering issue should be considered together with other issues like digital policies, the problems of CATV industry structure and so on. Furthermore, in order to make the CATV service price more reasonable, the government should encourage more medium to provide services equivalent to CATV channel services, give consumers more choices, and build an equally competitive market. To summarize, the research advices that channel tiering issue is not a single policy and we should rethink it in a more flexible way.

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