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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

銀行資本適足性管理辦法修正實施前後台灣銀行業資產配置之比較與探討

梅元貞 Unknown Date (has links)
銀行除從事收支款項之出納業務外,主要經營業務為向不特定多數人收受款項或吸收資金,並與其約定返還本金與給予相關利息,因此,銀行所運用之資金絕大部分來自於社會大眾,故銀行資金運用方式及償還能力十分重要,存款戶關切權益是否可受保障,主管機關亦須立法管理並進行嚴格之監理措施。 行政院金融監督管理委員會(金管會)於民國96年1月4日發布「銀行資本適足性管理辦法」暨「銀行自有資本與風險性資產計算方法說明及表格」隨即開始施行。 回顧當時,金管會為使我國銀行資本適足性管理及風險管理能力符合國際水準,金融市場與國際接軌,於民國九十三年九月二十一日發函通知本國銀行,將參照國際規範修訂我國「銀行資本適足性管理辦法」及「銀行自有資本與風險性資產計算方法說明」等規定,預定將與國際同步於民國九十五年底正式實施新巴塞爾資本協定,請銀行及早規劃因應新巴塞爾資本協定相關措施,並建立妥善風險管理機制,以確保法規遵循。 此外,主管機關為協助銀行順利推動新巴塞爾資本協定,金管會與銀行公會成立新巴塞爾資本協定共同研究小組(簡稱共同小組),研究新巴塞爾資本協定相關規範,再研提如何推動新巴塞爾資本協定之執行措施,使銀行在推動過程中,得藉由分享同業經驗而順利進行,並建立監理機關與銀行業者共同合作之機制;當時有10家參與共同研究小組之銀行,參與試算銀行之資本適足率,結果新制致該比率平均下降1.3393%。分析其中使資本適足率降低的因素主要為新增作業風險之資本計提,及新協定對逾期放款要求增加計提資本等所影響。 新法公佈後須依法定期計算資本適足率,實務上複核一些銀行其修法前後之資本適足率,發現資本適足率受新法之影響甚大;因此引起研究動機,故擬針對國內銀行業為研究樣本,分析計算法規「銀行資本適足性管理辦法」修正前後,對於銀行資本適足率的影響,與各銀行所規劃其因應之道,以提昇自身對於銀行業計算資本計提之專業知識,並更深入觀察銀行業之風險之肇因,以及處理風險方法。
52

ECFA與投保協定生效後,影響在臺陸資兩岸貿易機會的決定因素 / The determinants of trade opportunity of Mainland China Enterprises in Taiwan when ECFA and Cross-Strait bilateral investment protection and promotion agreement go into effect

黃上容 Unknown Date (has links)
貿易機會為產業間貿易或產業內貿易的發生或開拓,對於以貿易為經濟命脈的臺灣,如何創造貿易機會更是極為重要的課題。近年來簽訂國與國或區與區之間的貿易協定,以制定簽約國或地區相互貿易的優惠條件已蔚為一股風潮。 臺灣與中國大陸僅相隔臺灣海峽,由於地理位置鄰近、歷史背景及語言文化共通等因素,兩岸貿易往來頻繁而密集,於2009年開放陸資來臺投資、2010年簽訂「兩岸經濟合作架構協議」(Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement,ECFA),此後於2012年由海基會與海協會達成共識簽訂「海峽兩岸投資保障和促進協定」(簡稱:投保協定),並於2013年2月1日正式生效,使兩岸雙向貿易更加通行無阻。 本研究以2013年經濟部投資審議委員會「陸資投資事業營運狀況調查表」之問卷資料為分析對象,以廠商規模、行業類別、資本密集度、技術研發比率、國外投資比率、人力資本、關稅障礙、政策法規制約程度、項目開放不足程度、同業競爭共10個決定因素,歸納為廠商特性、營運策略與貿易障礙三大構面,運用Probit Model來探討ECFA與投保協定生效後,影響兩岸貿易機會的決定因素。 實證結果發現,「廠商規模」、「資本密集度」、「技術研發比率」與「政策法規制約程度」為影響兩岸貿易機會的重要決定因素。 / “Trade Opportunities”define as the development of inter-industry or intra-industry trade. For country like Taiwan, trading is an essential part of nation’s economy. As such, how to create trade opportunities is a very important topic. Singing of FTA(Free Trade Agreement)between countries or regions to reduce the trade barriers and develop preferential terms for mutual trading is booming in recent years. Due to geographical proximity(separated by the Taiwan Strait), historical background and the common language and cultural factors, cross-strait trade has been more frequent and intensive. In 2009, allowing Mainland China Investors to invest in Taiwan. And in 2010, both parties signed the“ECFA (Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement)”. Then in 2012 “Cross-Strait Bilateral Investment Protection and Promotion Agreement” was signed and effective on February 1, 2013, making cross-strait bilateral trade even more unimpeded. This study conducts an empirical research based on the questionnaire survey data of “2013 Investigation Report on Operation Status of The Mainland China-Investment Enterprises”from Ministry of Economic Affairs in Taiwan. I classify the questionnaire survey data into 10 determinants: the scale of the firm, the industry category, the capital intensity, the R&D (research and development)ratio, the foreign investment ratio, the human capital, tariff barriers , the degree of control in policy and regulations, the degree of openness of the project, and the competition. These can be summarized into three aspects: the characteristics of the firm, the operational strategy and the trade barriers. Then using the Probit Model to analyze the determinants of trade opportunity of Mainland China enterprises in Taiwan when ECFA and Cross-Strait Bilateral Investment Protection and Promotion Agreement go into effect. The empirical results show that“the scale of the firm”、“the capital intensity”、“the R&D ratio”and“the degree of control in policy and regulations”are most important determinants of trade opportunity of Mainland China enterprises in Taiwan.
53

グローバル化と中小製造業の選択 ミクロデータから「境界線の企業」を見る

伊藤, 公二 23 March 2022 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(経済学) / 乙第13477号 / 論経博第409号 / 新制||経||301(附属図書館) / 一橋大学経済学研究科比較経済・地域開発専攻 / (主査)教授 神事 直人, 教授 宇南山 卓, 教授 西山 慶彦 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DGAM
54

歐美葡萄酒貿易協定與WTO規範合致性研究

周紹偉 Unknown Date (has links)
歐美葡萄酒貿易協定於2006年3月10日經歐美雙方簽署後,對於延宕多年之數項關於雙方葡萄酒貿易上之爭議,達成了一定程度之妥協。然雙方所妥協之內容均與WTO協定之規範有衝突之處;然從另一方面觀之,該協定卻有助於美國在其葡萄酒產品使用歐盟地理標示之爭議上,朝向與TRIPS協定較為合致之方向去修正。 歐美葡萄酒貿易協定最主要之爭議可分為兩大部分,一為歐盟關於葡萄酒釀造製程上之規範;另一是美國葡萄酒產品使用歐盟地理標示,本文主要將針對此二議題與WTO協定間之合致性進行探討,以了解該協定所妥協之部分與WTO協定間之合致性。由於歐盟與美國係為WTO內最具影響力之兩大會員,本文最後將探討該協定對於WTO多邊架構以及爭端解決機制上之所衝擊與影響。 / The EU-US agreement on trade in wine was signed on March 10, 2006, marking the end of a first phase in wine trading discussions began in 1983. The Agreement addresses several key issues, such as oenological practices, import certification, the use of European geographical indication on the wine label which produced in US and other labeling issues. This thesis is to analyze the most controversial parts of this agreement. This agreement compromises 17 provisions, there are two parts most controversial: one is the mutual acceptance of the EU-US oenological practice regulations, which would facilitate the trading of wine between the two parties. And the other is that finally U.S. agreed to prohibit new brands from using these names on non-European wine and grandfather those existing uses. The oenological regulation of EU is more strictly and conservative compare to the related international standard. Moreover, EU ban the import of wine which is not conform with its oenological regulation unless the exporting country meet the Derogation requirement to allow the wine to be imported and circulated in the territory of EU. This article is to analyses the consistency of the EU oenological regulation with the TBT agreement, and the MFN treatment with this derogation. And the U.S. had allowed the use of specific EU geographical indications, which is called semi-generic names in U.S. regulation, on the wine label for the wine producing in the U.S in its labeling regulation. According to the TRIPS Agreement, the use of EU’s GI is in a continuous matter before 1994 can be excepted from the regulation of additional for GI. This thesis would like to clarify which part of the use of those semi-generic names may or may not except from the context of TRIPS agreement about GI. Since the wine agreement settle down several issues which violate the WTO agreement, this thesis would like to discuss the impact of the wine agreement to the WTO multilateral system.
55

私營標準於WTO下之法律問題研究-以全球良好農業慣例標準(GlobalGAP Standard)為例 / The Legal Analysis of Private Standards under the WTO Agreements—Taking GlobalGAP Standard for Example

張仁憶, Chang, Jen-Yi Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,由於消費者對於產品安全的重視程度與日俱增,各式各樣的私營標準開始蓬勃發展。這些私營標準雖不具備法律強制力,其所導致的市場排擠效應仍使生產者不得不積極使其產品取得各項私營標準的認證,引發私營標準是否具有實質上強制力並進而影響國際間自由貿易之疑慮。隨著開發中國家自2005年開始於SPS委員會中提出全球良好農業慣例標準對國際自由貿易之負面影響,私營標準之相關法律議題於WTO場域中益發重要,實有研究討論之必要。鑒於私營標準種類、數量之眾,本論文以於WTO下被具體指謫之全球良好農業慣例標準為例,探討全球良好農業慣例標準是否有落入WTO法規範管轄範疇之可能,並透過涉及私營標準議題之食品衛生檢驗與動植物檢疫措施協定、技術性貿易障礙協定與關稅及貿易總協定相關條文的解釋與分析,討論全球良好農業慣例標準與該些規範之關連性及適法性,既而於WTO下甚至WTO以外之國際場域,探究尋求相關貿易衝擊因應之道的可行性,希冀能為私營標準對國際自由貿易體系所帶來的影響及其與WTO之關係進行審視並作出建議。 / In recent years, all kinds of private standards have started to develop prosperously because consumers consider product safety more and more important. Although these private standards are not mandatory, the crowding out effect of markets causing by these standards still makes producers have to achieve relevant certification as far as possible. This situation causes anxiety about the possibility that private standards are de facto mandatory and create trade barriers. While developing countries have stated that GlobalGAP Standard makes bad influence on international trade in the SPS Committees since 2005, the legal issues about private standards become more and more important under WTO regime and need to be studied and discussed. In view of the fact that there are too many kinds of private standards, the thesis takes GlobalGAP Standard for example to discuss whether private standards shall be subject to the rules of WTO Agreements. In order to conduct careful examining and come up with suggestions of the influence on international trade which caused by private standards and the relationship between private standards and WTO, it is necessary to research into the connection between GlobalGAP Standard and WTO rules and the legality of this standard through explaining and analyzing relevant rules which involves the issue of private standards under the SPS Agreement, TBT Agreement, and GATT and to discuss the feasibility of finding the solution to relevant trade impact under WTO regime or other international fields.
56

巴塞爾資本協定三之流動性風險規範指標對銀行資產負債表結構影響之分析—以臺灣銀行業為例 / The Analysis on the Impacts of Liquidity Regulations under BASEL III on Banks’ Balance Sheet Structures:Evidence from Taiwan

官姿伶, Kuan, Tzu Ling Unknown Date (has links)
銀行產業之特性使得其容易遭受流動性風險之影響,且現行的新巴塞爾資本協定(BASEL II)未具備統一的流動性管理制度,導致銀行在金融危機時期,因為流動性短缺招致經營困境,造成金融體系的崩潰。為此巴塞爾銀行監理委員會(BASEL Committee on Banking Supervision, BCBS)在2010年提出巴塞爾資本協定三(BASEL III),除了對於資本要求提出較嚴格定義外,更首度對流動性風險提出量化指標,包含流動性覆蓋比率(Liquidity Coverage Ratio, LCR)以及淨穩定資金比率(Net Stable Funding Ratio, NSFR)。本文將採用個案研究與實證分析,分別探討兩項規範指標實施後將對銀行之資產負債表內外結構產生何種影響。研究結果指出,若銀行選擇增加第二層高品質流動性資產以提升高品質流動性資產總額,將使利息收入高於投資在第一層高品質流動性資產,銀行可同時兼顧監理機關最低監理要求和公司獲利。淨穩定資金比率方面,外商銀行的表現明顯優於公股及民營銀行。而實證結果亦顯示若淨穩定資金比率於研究期間開始執行,將使銀行更加謹慎審視其所面臨之風險,進而減少自身所承擔之風險,以提升資本穩定度。 / After financial crisis, the turmoil in global financial markets raises issues with macroeconomic policies, financial stabilities and regulations. Hence BASEL III has been introduced. BASEL III is a comprehensive set of reform measures, proposed by the BASEL Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). It builds on the BASEL I and BASEL II documents, and seeks to enhance the banking sector's ability, improve risk management and banks' transparency. Besides, it introduced two required liquidity ratios, i.e. the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and the Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR). This paper investigates the impact of new liquidity regulations on banks’ balance sheet structure by two methodologies. First, we study the case of bank in Taiwan to find out how LCR affects bank’s operation. Secondly, we select 18 commercial banks in Taiwan and classify them into three categories based on the type of ultimate controller to tell differences among three samples concerning the components of NSFR. Finally, we applied NEWEY-WEST HAC method with samples of 18 commercial banks in Taiwan to figure out the factors that may affects bank’s risk-taking, we utilize and analysis each bank’s financials during the period from 2010 to 2013. Our results show that the object of the study can reach the minimum requirement of LCR. Besides, BASEL III capital stability requirement, if implemented in the sample period, probably would diminish risk-taking by banks. This research can also provide banks with the information about how the liquidity regulations affect banks’ balance sheet structure.
57

平衡稅與反傾銷稅制之研究

董素貞, DONG, SU-ZHEN Unknown Date (has links)
本文共分六章,約五萬字左右。 第一章:前言,說明研究動機、目的及全文各章節內容簡述。 第二章:利用經濟分析,說明傾銷及補貼對進出口國福利水準之影響,並說明傾銷及 補貼之意義、種類。 第三章:說明關稅暨貿易總協定體制下之平衡稅與反傾銷稅。首先說明緣起背景,其 次說明國際反傾銷法典內容,最後說明東京回合世界多邊貿易談判所產生的新反傾銷 法典及補貼法典。 第四章:說明其他國家(如美國、歐洲共同市場、日本等國(實施平衡稅及反傾銷稅 時產生的問題。) 第五章:說明我國在現行經濟發展階段下,可否採行平衡稅及反傾銷稅制,並說明若 實施此稅制,可能產生的問題及如何改進此困難。 第六章:結論。
58

委外服務生命週期之探討─以資訊科技委外與企業流程委外為例

廖宇 Unknown Date (has links)
《哈佛商業評論》(Harvard Business Review)證實委外模式為過去七十五年來,企業最重要的管理概念和經營手法。美國百分之九十的公司至少將一項業務委外。根據國際商業研究組織愛迪西(IDC)的研究報告指出,一九九八年全球企業委外總值為九百九十億美金,到二OO三年,全球企業委外總值將成長至一千五百億美金。 越來越多的企業主管將委外視為重塑企業架構的方式,跳出過往垂直整合的模式,創造出更有彈性、更專注核心業務的企業,憑藉委外來強化核心業務和改善客戶關係。簡單的說,採用委外處理的主要理由,就是使企業能:全心專注在核心作業上、提供更好的服務品質,以及降低成本和風險。 但是,在許多的報告均指出,委外的結果有的時候並不是企業所預期的,例如:委外服務的業務是正在成長中,但委外服務的滿意度卻不然;委外服務供應商有達到服務等級的協定,但卻沒能達成企業主的業務需求;長遠來看,委外服務有可能無法幫企業主節省金錢。 基於上述背景,本研究參考國內、外文獻、及了解管理顧問公司的委外趨勢分析報告,整理出委外服務生命週期的四個階段: 階段一、策略性的委外,定義需求及策略。 階段二、評定與選商,將需求及策略轉換成戰術需要。 階段三、制定合約,戰術需求演進成合約及關係原則。 階段四、委外的管理,合約及關係變成管理流程。 本研究採訪談方式,對四個公司﹝兩個屬於是資訊科技委外服務(ITO),另外兩個屬於是企業流程委外服務(BPO)﹞及提供委外服務供應商公司分別以委外生命週期中的四個階段為架構進行訪談。經整理分析後,發現在每個階段下還包含有些重要的活動因素,值得深入探討與分析,本研究試圖透過這些訪談結果與文獻的記載找出其間的關係,以確保委外服務的成功。 本研究發現,有效掌握這些階段中的關鍵活動,利用正確的委外策略,透過彈性的組合活動,可以達到企業的業務期望。最後,針對研究結果做出結論和建議,希望提供給企業界作為在採行資訊科技及業務流程委外時的參考,並且明確定義委外服務生命週期的四個階段及其發展關係,以增進委外服務接受者與委外服務供應商在委外服務上合作的成效。
59

適用於P2P檔案分享系統傳輸協定之設計 / A UDP-Based Protocol for Distributed P2P File Sharing

許弘奇, Xu,Hong-Qi Unknown Date (has links)
Peer-to-Peer(P2P)架構讓社群內的使用者收集分散在網路各處之資源,其中最為風行的P2P系統當屬P2P檔案分享系統。P2P檔案分享系統之架構可分為集中式及分散式,而分散式架構又可細分為結構化及非結構化兩種。採用分散式且非結構化之BitTorrent-like架構,因其可擴張性較佳而廣為風行。在經驗中發現,BitTorrent-like架構在非對稱網路之下雖擁有寬裕的下行頻寬,但是其頻寬使用率卻不高,我們分析其成因如下:(1) Fractional Upward Bandwidth (FUB) 、 (2)Blockage of Acknowledgement (BoA) 與 (3)Long Physical Paths 等。而其中的Blockage of ACK問題,現今尚未有研究學者提出完整解決方案。本研究之目的,即要針對此Blockage of ACK的問題,改良網路協定中的傳輸層 (Transport Layer) 協定以提昇P2P檔案分享系統之效能。我們改用UDP作為傳輸層協定,並在應用層加入自動重建遺失之封包、決定基本傳輸單位大小及決定資料傳送速率等機制,以彌補UDP之缺陷。文中並提供了傳輸協定運作時所需參數的估計法,並且也與其它傳輸協定做效能之比較。實驗結果發現,我們設計的傳輸協定確可改善P2P檔案共享系統的運作效能。 / Peer-to-Peer (P2P) architectures let participants gather resources form network and make participants acquire more computation resources than they could offer. One of the most prominent P2P systems is P2P file sharing system. P2P file sharing system could be classified into to 2 categories: centralized and decentralized model. BitTorrent-like (BT-like) model can be classified as decentralized and unstructured model. BT-like model is quit popular nowadays due to its scalability. Unfortunately, BT-like model has several shortcomings on performance over asymmetric networks, because of some problems, such as Fractional Upward Bandwidth (FUB), Blockage of Acknowledgement (BoA) and long physical paths. No complete solution is available yet to solve the BoA problem. We propose a new UDP-based protocol to alleviate this problem. Since UDP protocol is not able to guarantee the data-integrity nor to determine the proper transmission rate by itself. To offer a complete solution, we have to enhance UDP, to add extra capabilities such as packet loss recovery, segment size determination and data rate determination mechanisms. Experiments show that our proposed protocol has good improvement on performance.
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導入資料採礦技術於新巴塞爾協定下企業信用模型-以製造業為例

陳佳樟, Chen, Chia-Chang Unknown Date (has links)
2006 年新巴塞爾資本協定的施行,台灣各家銀行皆陸續步入實施新協定的軌道,發展以風險評等的觀念來計算法定適足資本,讓銀行採自建信用評等系統來評估違約暴險,並透過信用評等達到早期預警的效果,降低信用風險。而資料採礦則是近年來在應用分析領域中相當熱門的議題。 本研究是將資料採礦技術導入企業信用評等模型的建置程序,以國內某一銀行的企業授信資料為實例,資料的觀察期間為2003至2005年,其中針對「製造業」進行研究。藉由企業財務報表簽證資料,結合授信往來紀錄等變數,經誤差抽樣,分別以類神經網路、決策樹及羅吉斯迴歸等採礦技術,建立模型。模型驗證的部份,依據金管會建議的七個方向執行模型之驗證。 研究結果發現,經評估確立以1:2誤差抽樣比例下,使用羅吉斯迴歸技術建模的效果最佳。模型中財務資訊、產業特性及公司的徵審授信紀錄對於違約皆具有一定的解釋預測能力,且顯示產業特性的不同,對於違約機率的預測,有一定的影響。經驗證後,此模型即使應用到不同期間或其他實際資料,仍具有一定的穩定性與預測效力,並且通過新巴塞資本協定與金管會的各項規範,表示本研究之信用評等模型,的確能夠在銀行授信流程實務中加以應用。

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