本論文調查四個台灣南島語，包括巴宰語（Pazih）、阿美語（Amis）、排灣語（Paiwan）、邵語（Thao），記錄並分析在這些語言之中各種不同的重疊詞形式，並以當今的音韻理論來分析所採得的語料，特別是從優選理論的觀點來研究。 本文的調查發現，這四個語言的重疊詞形式非常的類似，它們都應用了Ca-重疊及右向重疊作為構詞的手段，只有在巴宰語及邵語可以觀察到其他不同的重疊形式。 就Ca-重疊而言，本文認為固定的元音[a]乃是由於「預先指明」（pre-specification）的結果，也就是其在底層形式就已經連結到重疊成分音節的韻母，本文並說明以「無標記浮現」（The Emergence of the Unmarked）來解釋固定音段（e.g. Chang 1998）的理論有其缺點。 右向重疊在不同的語言中，所呈現的型態並不完全相同。以重疊成分的形式來看，可以分成三類：-CV.CV-、-C.CV-與-CV-。巴則海語只呈現第一類的重疊成分，阿美語有第一及第二類的重疊成分，排灣語及邵語應用了三種的形式。本文認為右向重疊的功能既然相同，應當只有一套語法來支配。本文進而提出一組制約排序，順利分析了在不同語言中觀察到的右向重疊現象。 其他觀察到的重疊形式有：巴宰語的CV:-與CVCV-重疊及邵語的CV-重疊。巴宰語的CV:-重疊呈現了元音延長的現象，CVCV-重疊則是一種雙音節前綴重疊；邵語CV-重疊的重疊成分總是在詞基的倒數第二音節之前，此現象與其韻步結構有關。 本論文亦簡略描述分析四個語言所呈現的音韻現象，如音位系統、音節結構、重音、音變等。在音變方面，四個語言有許多相似處，如喉塞音增音、元音低降、滑音化等。本文利用優選理論來分析各語言的音韻系統。

The main purpose of this thesis is to find out the economic factors that contributed to the successful promotion of Mandarin during martial law period, and serve as a reference for future language planning. Taiwan used to be ruled by Dutch, Koxinga, Qing dynasty, Japan, and the Republic of China (ROC) government. Thus, Taiwanese society gradually becomes multiethnic, multicultural, and, to my greatest concern, multilingual. Each ruling power had tried to impose different degrees of language policies on Taiwan, particularly Japan and the ROC government that were eager to establish an official language. Eventually, the successful popularization of Mandarin is overwhelming. A number of theories and materials regarding the relationship between language and economy have been reviewed. First of all, it is argued that language could be objectified and valued. Thus, different language varieties contain different values. Second, according to rational choice theory, people make choices that would maximize their benefits. The implication is that people choose to learn a certain language variety that benefits them most. Third, as an economy becomes more and more advanced, linguistic diversity might be reduced. The ethnolinguistic groups, language varieties, and language history of Taiwan are also discussed. There are four major ethnolinguistic groups in Taiwan: Hoklo, Hakka, aboriginal people, and Chinese Mainlanders. As for language varieties, Hoklo, Hakka, Mandarin, Taiwan Guoyu, and aboriginal languages are separately dealt with. The language history of Taiwan is divided into the evolution of spoken and written language of Taiwan. Then, the economic value of each language varieties in Taiwan during martial law period is assessed. The result is that Mandarin possessed the highest economic value. Besides, some features of economic development, such as structural change, the emergence of social classes, the desire to gain upward social mobility, expansion in education, and examination systems that favored Mandarin, also facilitated the spread of Mandarin. And through a comparison between the Japan-led and ROC-led island-wide language directives, this thesis argues that political factors alone could not sufficiently explain the successful promotion of an official language. Economic factors must be taken into account as well. Finally, some suggestions are proposed for the maintenance and revitalization of Hoklo, Hakka, and aboriginal languages.

臺灣Favorlang人作為研究主體的傳統，已綿延300餘年不輟，其間對於南島民族語言、文化研究的啟發，有著相當重要的貢獻。 Favorlang人身為荷蘭時代重要族群關係成員之一，除了累積殖民地對待異民族的經驗，留下的相關資訊，更成為歐洲學界理解窺探遙遠東方的窗口。本文首先討論相關定義，分類整理Favorlang人的研究史，舉其大要並詳述文獻背景，並且說明研究方法論的取向與研究角度的意義，提出對未來研究的期許和可能發展方向，可供進一步討論。 本研究運用荷蘭東印度公司檔案文獻，討論有關Favorlang的關鍵問題，最重要的諸如「Favorlang之位置」，以及「荷蘭時代資料」如何和其後的資料互相連結，從檔案對校出發，揭開了許多歷史的面紗；尤其本文對於17～18世紀荷文、漢文文獻的充分引用，找出許多記載矛盾的問題，試圖結合荷蘭時代與其後的各種漢文史料，重建一個「沒有歷史的臺灣原住民族群」在十七世紀的樣貌，重新思考各種文獻的解釋量度，意欲發掘「歷史—民族」研究方法論上更大的可能性，希望能為Favorlang研究打下一份基礎。

This thesis is a compilation of ethnographic narrative and ethnohistorical research in the form of a case study of the Bunun people of the Laipunuk geographic region of Taiwan. The research encompasses the life experiences of three members of the Istanda family, with cross verification of narrative history from extant documentation where possible. Informants were videotaped, audio taped, and where not possible, extensive and detailed notes were taken. Some informants also served as translators for others; one particularly valuable source is conversant in the Bunun language, Japanese, Chinese, and English, providing invaluable material and insight. This report begins with an overview of indigenous peoples, their prehistory, and their relationship with the greater Austronesian culture. This is followed by a brief survey of each indigenous culture’s social organization, with emphasis on the Bunun. Included is a political survey of major transformational and developmental periods in Taiwan’s history, beginning with the Dutch East India Company period, and ending with the modern Democratic Reform period. I have concluded, based on my extensive work with these indigenous peoples and my examination of available historical documentation, that Taiwan’s indigenous people have endured constant pressure from external forces and, as a direct result, have undergone acute social and cultural degradation from the loss of their native homelands. Nevertheless, vast knowledge is still available from elderly informants born into a relatively pristine Bunun culture. This knowledge contributes to the field of Taiwan Studies by providing an objective survey across the history of Taiwan’s indigenous peoples, offering a view through a previously closed window into the richness of Taiwan’s full history. It is recommended that such studies continue and expand. Key words: Bunun, Laipunuk, Austronesian, Taiwan, ethnohistorical, indigenous

本論文旨在描述並嘗試以優選詞彙功能語法理論(OT-LMT)處理雅美語的論旨角色與語法功能的連結。雅美語的論旨角色與語法功能連結呈現出作格語言的特性，以致跟中文或英文有很大的差別。並且雅美語的連結又受到了焦點系統的影響，所以更加的複雜。現存的連結理論無論是以變換語法理論為基礎或以詞彙語法為基礎的，似乎都無法很直接簡潔的描述雅美語。本論文嘗試架構一個以優選理論為基礎的新連結模型，並且除了將之使用在雅美語上之外，也同時以這個新的模型來處理中文和英文中的連結。由於優選理論具有彈性的特性，這三種語言不同的連結模式，都可以被包含在這個新的模型當中。 / This thesis studies the problem of argument-function linking in Yami and makes the fundamental claim that linking in Yami shows an ergative pattern, quite different from that in accusative languages, such as Mandarin and English. The linking phenomenon in Yami is complicated by its special voice system. Existing linking theories do not account for Yami straightforwardly. In trying to find a framework that can handle the Yami data, we find the flexibility of Optimality Theory a promising solution. The first part of this thesis is a description of the argument-function linking pattern in Yami and the proper place of the voice system is also discussed. And then we review several grammatical theories on linking. Both transformation-based theories and lexicalist theories are examined. We will demonstrate how these theories fail to account for linking in Yami in a straightforward manner. Thus we provide an optimality-theoretic account based on the lexical mapping theory of Lexical-Functional Grammar. This newly developed framework is applied not only to the Yami data but also to the relevant Mandarin and English data. It is claimed that this framework can accommodate all three different languages.