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兩岸打擊海上犯罪之研究柯繼明 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來海峽兩岸交流熱絡,海上犯罪問題日益嚴重,主要有毒品、槍械及農漁畜產品等走私、偷渡、洗錢、破壞海洋環境資源、海盜及其他非法越界捕魚、船舶碰撞、絞網等海上糾紛所引發之刑事案件等,除對台灣海域治安造成嚴重威脅外,更因事涉敏感的兩岸關係,處理益形艱辛複雜。
由於兩岸兩會制度性協商迄無成果,兩岸刑事司法互助僅剩個案處理模式,因此在防制海上犯罪的時效與範圍方面均大打折扣而漏洞百出,無法構成周延的刑事偵防系統,對兩岸海上法律秩序與民眾福祉造成威脅。
本論文兼從學理與實務角度出發,以兩岸共同打擊海上犯罪為前提,首先探討目前兩岸海上犯罪之概況,歸納海上犯罪之類型,分析其未來發展趨勢,次就兩岸共同打擊海上犯罪之機制予以檢視,探討雙方在打擊海上犯罪之具備能量與面臨之共同性與個別性困境,並比較分裂國家德、韓及美國、古巴等國共同打擊海上犯罪之模式,探討其在法制面與執行面之特點,以作為未來兩岸合作之借鏡。最後結合因應當前兩岸情勢發展,在兩岸共同打擊海上犯罪上,分別就如何建立合作查緝基礎、建構兩岸單一聯繫窗口及建立兩岸刑事司法互助法制基礎等三方面,提出具體可行之策略與作法,期能作為政府及執法機關處理因應之道,進而達成兩岸共同打擊海上犯罪之目標。
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國際刑事司法互助的調查取證─以《歐盟刑事偵查令狀指令》為比較對象黃怡華 Unknown Date (has links)
跨境犯罪隨著國家間頻繁地交流而日趨增長,因此國際間跨國追訴犯罪的合作面臨極大挑戰,然而跨國調查取證時常遭遇效率不彰的問題,跨國取證的合作發展遠遠不及於跨國犯罪蓬勃滋生之腳步,因而該如何建立更完善的取證制度,用以促進各國間的相互合作為跨國調查取證之首要目標。除了效率之要求外,對於被告及犯罪嫌疑人之權利保障,以及境外證據證據能力的問題也是國際刑事司法互助面臨的問題,要如何避免被告及犯罪嫌疑人的相關權利在跨境追訴中被犧牲,不使之成為跨境追訴下的次等公民,以及如何確保跨境證據在請求國法院被採用而達到司法互助的目的?因此,本文主要以《歐盟刑事偵查令狀指令》為比較對象,介紹歐盟首度以單一立法規範國際刑事司法互助調查取證的《歐盟證據令》與取代《歐盟證據令》之《歐盟刑事偵查令狀指令》,了解歐盟法制如何規範國際刑事司法互助的調查取證,並討論《歐盟刑事偵查令狀指令》規範的完整性以及運作上面臨的挑戰。在了解外國法制後,反思我國在國際刑事司法互助的調查取證方法制上可以做如何的改善;在跨境證據的採用上,除了以傳聞法則作為篩選跨境證據的標準以外,我國實務是否還有其他管控機制;以及如何平衡被告對質詰問權的保障,最後,對於我國草擬的《國際刑事司法互助法》提出粗淺的看法與建議。
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淺析簽署海峽兩岸共同打擊犯罪及司法互助協議之影響 / The study of consequences of signing “the agreement on cross-strait cooperation in combating crimes and mutual legal assistance between Taiwan and China”董裕光, Tung, Yu Kuang Unknown Date (has links)
This study focuses on the impact of signing " the Agreement on cross-Strait cooperation in combating crimes and mutual legal assistance" between Taiwan and mainland China. It intends to explore motivation and necessity of signing this agreement, the legal issues and operational process of this agreement, the history of cross-Strait cooperation of fighting against crimes and mutual legal assistance, and current status and problems.
There are three major parts in this thesis. First, this study defines cross-Strait mutual legal assistance and of cross-Strait crime, confirms its meaning and scope, and then introduces judicial mutual assistance and cooperation in the international society of both sides. It analyzes the situation and trend of cross-Strait crimes, history of cross-Strait cooperation in combating crimes, the existing legal provisions on mutual legal assistance, and difficulties before the signing of the agreement. Secondly, this study introduces the content and effects of this agreement, includes the provisions, the actual operation, the laws related to it, the impact, and follow-up legislation as well as negative criticism. Finally, this study compares the situation before and after the signing of the agreement, understands the real benefits and finding the existing problems, and make evaluations on this agreement.
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兩岸與東南亞國家打擊跨國犯罪與國際合作-以臺菲電信詐欺案為例 / Transnational Crime-fighting and International Cooperation among Cross-strait and Southeast Asian Nations--Case Studies on the Telecom Fraud between Taiwan and the Philippines.李珊 Unknown Date (has links)
自民國76年政府開放民眾赴大陸探親以來,兩岸關係邁入新的里程碑,之後雖受李登輝、陳水扁兩任總統不同的大陸政策影響,雙方縱然在軍事、外交層面歷經緊張情勢時期,但在共同打擊跨境犯罪合作議題上,卻不曾停下腳步,民國79年簽訂之「金門協議書」,作為兩岸遣返違反有關規定進入對方地區人民、刑事犯及嫌疑犯之用,開啟共同打擊犯罪協議及刑事司法互助之門,接著第三次江陳會正式簽定「海峽兩岸共同打擊犯罪及司法互助協議」,據此建立雙方在打擊跨境犯罪合作機制,不致因法律問題致執法過程中產生灰色模糊地帶,而予犯罪者僥倖心理從事不法活動。但往往「道高一尺,魔高一丈」,兩岸犯罪者因雙邊打擊跨境犯罪合作機制日趨成熟,犯案的空間受到壓縮,開始轉往第三地發展,此時法制基礎不建全、地廣人稀、政府行政效能不彰、貪瀆情形嚴重及與華人素有歷史淵源之東南亞諸國即成為首選之地。
1997年亞洲金融風暴,中國固守人民幣匯率的政策,某部分穩定了亞洲的金融秩序,對於東南亞地區的經濟安定有一定程度的正面幫助,這被視為中國與東南亞關係發展的轉捩點,東協在該年年底邀請中國、日本、韓國召開首次「東協加三」會議,正式開啟了其在東南亞區域居於領袖地位的時代。大陸與東南亞各國的交流層面是既深且廣,合作的議題除了傳統軍事外交,在非傳統安全領域,也提供東協國家各項協助。反觀臺灣在東協支持「一中政策」的影響下,始終無法突破與該地區各項交流合作關係。如今兩岸關係趨穩,雙方均認知到除了經濟議題外,在打擊跨國犯罪方面,同樣悠關人民切身利益及社會安定,亦屬可以建立共識相互合作的優先工作,因此本文研究目的,即希望了解兩岸在東南亞地區跨國犯罪現況、雙方偵辦情形、面臨的困難,以及建立兩岸與第三國司法互助合作機制可行方案。 / Since the government began to permit the public to visit relatives in Mainland China in 1987, the cross-strait relations have entered into a new milestone. Although both sides still confront and compete against each other in military and diplomatic aspects, they never stopped cooperating with each other on the issue of jointly fighting cross-border crime. The execution of the Kinmen Agreement in 1990 and the Agreement on Joint Cross-Strait Crime-Fighting and Mutual Judicial Assistance executed during the third round of Chiang-Chen Talks has established the cooperative mechanism between both sides in fights against cross-border crimes. Cross-strait criminals began to move their bases to Southeast Asia because the cooperative mechanism in bilateral cross-border crime fighting has grown mature and the place for crime has been limited. The relations between Mainland China and Southeast Asian countries are deep and extensive in many facets. On the contrary, under the influence of the support of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations for the “One China Policy”, Taiwan is unable to make any breakthrough in interactions and cooperative relations with that area. As the cross-strait relations have become stable, both sides acknowledge that, in addition to the economic issues, the fight against transnational crime is equally of great concern to the interests of people and social stability, and could be the priority to establish the consensus between both sides and cooperate with each other. Therefore, the objective of this research is to understand the current situations of the cross-strait transnational crime in Southeast Asian area, the investigations conducted by both sides and the difficulties faced by them, and to establish practical solutions for cooperative mechanism in mutual judicial assistance among Mainland China, Taiwan and a third country.
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兩岸共同打擊犯罪之模式研究-以跨境查緝「詐欺電信機房」為例 / The Patterns of cross-strait cooperation in combating crimes Example of cross-territory investigation of " fraud telecommunications room"李中宇 Unknown Date (has links)
國內民眾長期深受詐欺電信犯罪侵害,不單受害人數最多且是損失金額最高的經濟犯罪,自前陳水扁政府至現在的馬政府,都將防制詐欺電信犯罪案件作為政府的施政重點,以跨部會的組織主導,研議預防及偵查的手段防制。然而,詐欺電信犯罪案件發生率不減反增,竟演變成為臺灣十大民怨之一。檢討是類案件偵辦瓶頸,都指向係員警未能跨境查緝大陸「詐欺電信機房」及主嫌到案所致。詐欺電信犯罪集團憑藉著不被橫渡的海峽屏障,在日益富裕且電信網路發達的大陸,建立起發收詐欺話務之「詐欺電信機房」,此等機房遂為詐欺首謀之指揮中心。
隨著馬政府上臺,兩岸和解共生局面建立,擱置了主權爭議,簽訂了「兩岸共同打擊犯罪及司法互助協議」。然而,兩岸警方單憑文書及電訊協調辦案,是無法有效壓制以VOIP網路電話為中介犯罪之隱匿詐欺電信犯罪集團,必須由國內警方跨境與大陸警方合作,以「詐欺電信機房」為主要剷除標的,方能達到有效將兩岸主嫌共犯一網打盡、查扣作案工具,贓款、降低詐欺話務及人犯順利遣返接受司法定罪等共同打擊犯罪之核心目標。
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兩岸共同打擊電信詐欺犯罪之研究—以兩岸共同打擊犯罪機制分析 / A study on Cross-Strait cooperation against telefraud crimes–Based on joint Cross-Strait crime fighting mechanism陳宇桓 Unknown Date (has links)
自兩岸於1987年開放探親以來,隨著兩岸頻繁的交流,跨兩岸性的犯罪活動,如販毒、詐欺、人口販運等犯罪亦日趨嚴重,特別是近年來出現有別於以往傳統詐騙手法的新型態詐欺犯罪—以電話、網路為中介物的「電信詐欺犯罪」,大肆橫行於兩岸,為害兩岸治安最深,是類犯罪不斷翻新手法,巧藉各種名目詐騙民眾獲取不法暴利,造成極嚴重的社會成本付出。過去,兩岸共同打擊犯罪機制,僅有「金門協議」及其他非正式管道,以為合作打擊犯罪的依據,因「金門協議」的內涵不足致使成果有限。隨著政治氛圍的改變,兩岸終於2009年4月簽署「海峽兩岸共同打擊犯罪及司法互助協議」,為兩岸共同打擊犯罪奠定了新里程碑,惟分析其內容並與「駐美國台北經濟文化代表處與美國在台協會間之刑事司法互助協定」比較,可以發現尚有許多問題亟待解決。本研究藉由分析現行兩岸共同打擊犯罪機制,並提出問題及建議,以強化兩岸共同打擊電信詐欺犯罪的力道。 / Since 1987 Taiwan and Mainland China allowed people visited opposite side, cross-strait crimes such as smuggling drugs, fraud and human trafficking have become more and more serious as both parts frequently contacting with each other. Recently, new type fraud which is different from traditional fraud spread around and critically damage social security, especially telecom fraud by telephone and internet being the mediators. By using multiform excuses, these kinds of crimes continuously renovate to cheat innocent people and obtain huge illegal money, so that they cause a great loss of social. In the past, there were only Kinmen Agreement and the other unofficial channel as the basis in the cross-strait crime-fighting mechanism. However, Kinmen Agreement was too narrowed its coverage to limited in its results. With the political atmosphere changes, each part finally signed “Cross-Strait Agreement on Joint Crime-Fighting and Judicial Mutual Assistance” in April, 2009. This is the new milestone of cross-strait crime-fighting cooperation mechanism. As analyzing it and comparing it with “Agreement on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters between the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office and the American Institute in Taiwan”, we found there are still some obstacles need to be resolved. This study offers some questions and advises in order to strengthen the cross-strait telecom fraud crime-fighting cooperation mechanism.
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美國刑事偵查制度對我國之影響--以特別偵查制度之獨立性、通訊監察之控制機制與刑事司法互助之書證調取為例 / 無黃謀信 Unknown Date (has links)
自從二次世界大戰後,隨著冷戰的結束,美國法律制度已成為世界上最具影響力之法律制度。不可諱言地,美國法律制度對其他國家法律制度的影響甚深,有些論者因此認為:因多數國家相繼仿效美國之法律制度,業已形成各國「法律制度美國法化」(Americanized)之趨勢。甚至,美國Maximo Langer教授,在其「論認罪協商制度之全球化及刑事訴訟程序之美國法化」乙文中表示,有人以美國之認罪協商制度為例,認為美國之認罪協商制度可能是辯論式制度送給糾問式制度的「特洛伊木馬」(Trojan horse),大陸法系國家將逐漸被「法律制度美國法化」,將被全面屠城棄守。是否果真會如此,美國法律制度對我國之影響是否亦有可能造成我國偵查制度遭美國偵查制度「屠城」之結果?引發筆者對我國近年來自美國引進之若干偵查制度之關注與好奇,認有予以探究之必要。本文乃就我國近來有關偵查制度之重大修法,以特別偵查制度之獨立性、通訊監察之控制機制與刑事司法互助之書證調取等為例,探究該等制度從美國原貌,到移植至我國後之改變、衝突及現況,並提出本文之觀點,期能成為未來修法時之參考方向。
本文除前言及總結論外,第二章簡介美國之偵查制度,論文主體部分則分成特別偵查制度之獨立性、通訊監察之控制機制及刑事司法互助之書證調取等三章進行論述。
第三章為有關特別偵查制度獨立性之探討,由各國曾出現之特別偵查制度中,以美國、日本及南韓等國家之法制為例,分別介紹美國之「獨立檢察官」與「特別檢察官」、日本之「特搜部」及南韓之「大檢察廳中央搜查部」等特別偵查組織之歷史沿革及運作機制,其中特別就各國爭相仿效之美國「獨立檢察官」與「特別檢察官」制度多加介紹,最後再論述我國特別偵查組織之濫觴與發展,由高檢署查緝黑金行動中心到地檢署檢肅黑金小組,再到最高檢特偵組等我國廣義之特別偵查組織之發展歷程,而特偵組成立迄今之現況與制度之運作結果,對特別偵查制度之獨立性產生之影響,亦有待實務運作後之檢驗,其中最大爭議者諸如:付之闕如的檢察總長退場機制、再議程序及設置審級等爭議問題,目前都已出現,有待探究及修法解決。
第四章為有關通訊監察控制機制之探討,日本、美國、英國及我國通保法修法前後之存在不同通訊監察核發機制及聲請機制,就我國通保法修法後之通訊監察聲請機制模式採取「檢察官聲請獨占模式」,不採取「雙聲請主體模式」或「檢察官許可前置模式」,本文乃探究各種聲請模式之利弊得失。次以我國通保法修法所仿效之美國通訊監察制度為中心,介紹美國之法律及行政相關規定,引述美國聯邦檢察官在通訊監察程序中之角色,進而導出美國核發通訊監察書遠低於我國之原因,探究美國各種通訊監察之內控機制。最後以通保法修法後之實務觀點檢視本次通保法修法之控制機制,探討是否修法後即可達到仿效美國通訊監察制度所欲達到得以控制監聽浮濫之目的?
第五章為有關刑事司法互助之書證調取,除介紹各種刑事司法互助態樣、我國現行之刑事司法互助有關之法規及實務運作外,並探討臺美司法互助協定之內容。並以向新加坡請求刑事司法協助為例,介紹如何請求調取涉外之銀行帳戶資料。另討論我國經由外國政府或組織取得證據之證據能力,由於我國並無刑事司法互助法之專法,致實務上產生極大之爭議,有予以深究之必要。
第六章為本論文總結,本文認為,美國之偵查制度對我國偵查制度的影響當然是不容置疑的,但我國絕非單純地複製一個美國形式的偵查制度模式,美國法對我國法制的影響並非全面性的美國化,僅占我國偵查制度改革中的一小部分而已。我國引進美國之偵查制度後已與美國原有之制度呈現出各種不同之風貌,當然引進後之機制正挑戰我國原有之偵查架構與制度,但並未形成「偵查制度全面美國化」的現象,更不必憂心會遭美國偵查制度全面「屠城棄守」。
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兩岸共同打擊跨境犯罪之研究-2008年後大陸地區人民非法來臺案件為例 / The Study of the Cross-border Crime:The Case study of the Entrance to Taiwan Illegally黃柏森 Unknown Date (has links)
傳統的國家安全威脅之應處,係以確保國家軍事、政治及外交衝突等國家安全問題為目標。隨著冷戰結束後,全球化時代來臨,國際戰略環境的變遷與威脅性質的演變,「非傳統安全」威脅已逐漸取代「傳統安全」威脅。換言之,傳統安全思維僅著重在主權國家的軍事安全層面,非傳統安全則是基於整體人類安全的考量。我國在面對非傳統安全威脅下,如何調整適應環境之變化,以確保生存及發展,已成為當前刻不容緩之要務。
非傳統安全議題相當廣泛,主要包括:經濟及金融安全、自然生態環境安全、網路資訊安全、大規模殺傷性武器擴散、疫情傳播、恐怖主義、跨境犯罪、走私販毒、非法移民、海盜、洗錢等。中國大陸對臺威脅亦包含傳統與非傳統安全威脅性質。傳統安全係以軍事戰略威脅為主,非傳統安全威脅則來源多元、形式多樣,所呈現以走私、海盜、偷渡、偽造貨幣、詐欺、洗錢等跨境犯罪最為顯著,
本論文將探討兩岸共同打擊跨境犯罪背景發展,並分析兩岸交流衍生之大陸民眾非法來臺所呈現之態樣與現況,闡明我國所面臨的非傳統安全威脅,希冀由相關資料分析比較,藉此驗證現行實務面執行運作成效,並針對實務運作所面臨之困境提出研究建議,供相關單位參考,建立一個兩岸和平安全的互動環境。 / The aim of dealing with the traditional threats to national security is to ensure the national security in the aspects of military, politics and diplomacy. After the end of the Cold War comes the era of globalization, international strategic environment changes as well as the substantial of threat evolves. As a result, “non-traditional security (NTS)” threats have gradually taken the place of “traditional security” treats. In other words, the concept of traditional security only focuses on the aspects of military security of a sovereign state, whereas the consideration of non-traditional security is based on the general human safety. While confronting with threats of non-traditional security, it’s crunch time to make adjustments and adaptation so as to ensure existence and development of Taiwan.
The issues of non-traditional security are extremely wide-ranging, mainly including: economic and financial security, ecological and environmental security, information and network security, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), the spread of epidemics, terrorism, transnational crime, narcotics and smuggling, illegal immigration, piracy, money laundering, and so on. The threats to Taiwan from China include traditional security threats and non-traditional security threats. The main threat of the traditional threats is military hostility, while non-traditional security threats stem from various sources and come out in multitudinous forms, especially in the fields of transnational crime such as smuggling, piracy, stowaways, currency counterfeiting, fraud, money laundering, etc.
This study discusses the background and context of the cross-strait joint fight against transnational crime, and analyzes the current situation and patterns of illegal immigration of the people from Mainland China resulting from the cross-trait exchanges, as well as explicates the non-traditional security threats confronted by Taiwan, whereupon, in the hope of examining the practice performance by means of comparative analysis of related materials, proposed suggestions and strategies for these predicaments are finally concluded as a reference to the competent authorities to build a peaceful and secure environment for cross-strait interactions accordingly.
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