本研究以台灣警察專科學校專科警員班第二十期進修組學生為主要研究範圍（不含消防及海巡人員）。接受專科警員班教育訓練的學生為全國警察機關所屬基層員警於民國九十一年九月至九十二年六月間，在台灣警察專科學校接受一學年的在職進修。成效評估從教育計畫的執行以至受訓後的整體訓練成效，前項調查評估於在職進修期間即進行，但對學生進修之後的影響評估則設定在受訓後一個月到三月間，此時結訓學生最能表現、體會受訓成效。進修學生共約九百二十名，進行抽樣調查三百六十九名以上學生的意見。 本研究從文獻探討階段，針對國內外訓練評估理論的相關學說、著作、期刊論文及實證研究結果等進行資料的整理與分析，歸納出相關的研究發現與貢獻，以作為本研究決定實證研究方向的重要參考基礎。問卷設計及前測階段，則根據前階段文獻分析與整理所得，建立以Kirkpatrick所提出的訓練成效評估四層次-反應、學習、行為與結果之評估理論為依變項，「個人性格特質」、「工作環境」與「與個人基本屬性資料」為控制變項與自變項形成研究架構做為後續實證研究的基本模型，並據此設計問卷，透過前測之進行以檢驗本問卷的信度與效度並修正之。問卷的前測與正式施測，利用SPSS for windows 10.0 中文套裝軟體運算問卷回收資料，以推論出研究結果。 經由實證調查與分析，對於基層警察進修教育的過程有更深入的認識與了解後，評估其各項成效。為證明各變數之間是否有關聯或差異性存在，以虛無假設方式提出，期望研究結果能拒絕虛無假設，進而接受對立假設。並於結論與研究發現中提出相關具體建議，檢驗在職進修學生的成果與價值，並具以改善未來的執行方案，提昇參訓學生的學習成效，達成警察人力資源發展的整體目標。 本研究並根據第五章結論之研究發現，提出七點建議，以供實務界參考：一、重視基層警察人員的進修權益；二、建立警察人員教育訓練專業量表；三、加強學校硬體設備，提升學習成效；四、強化進修學生的自我效能；五、形塑開放學習的組織文化；六、增加專任教官師人數；七、提供多元的進修與學習管道。 關鍵詞：基層警察人員、在職進修、成效、評估

警察工作繁重、危險、充滿不確定性，面對特殊的職場特性，臺灣警察專科學校負責我國基層警察養成教育，必須型塑符合社會期待與專業化的優質警察。 本研究主要係探討警專專科班正期組之課程設計，以Tyler的課程設計模式，從課程目標、課程選擇、課程組織，以及課程評鑑，逐步探討派出所警勤區警員應具備的核心能力，再檢視警專課程的選擇與組織，以及實習教育等相關議題。從國內外相關文獻探討課程設計及基層警察教育，透過深度訪談，以瞭解實務機關對畢業生的看法，及其對課程設計與實習的看法後，另邀請警專二年級應屆畢業生舉行焦點團體座談，進一步探討本研究議題。 研究發現警專畢業生無法立即應付初任之實務工作，需由資深佐警引領實作後，始能漸進熟悉派出所各種狀況；課程應與時俱進，隨社會環境及職能需求適時調整，警專課程設計尚有改進空間；實習是「三明治」教育訓練重要環節，有其必要性，藉由一對一的實習模式增廣實務見聞，認識未來職場的特殊性；年齡及受訓時間長短與忠誠度及離職率有關；「考－訓－用」之招募方式勢在必行。 根據研究發現，提出11項教育實務的建議，4項未來研究的建議，期盼能有助於提升基層警察素質與效能，以及未來研究者參考。 / Police is a demanding, dangerous and uncertain job; facing special working surroundings. Taiwan Police College is in charge of the cultivation of the grass-roots police. She has to shape the blue-chip and professional police to fit in with the social anticipation 。 My study mainly focuses on the research of the curriculum design of the junior college students at T.P.C.. It bases on Tyler’s curriculum design model,from the aspect of the goal of the curriculum, the selection of the curriculum, the structure of the curriculum and the evaluation of the curriculum, to gradually sort out what core abilities the grass-roots police should possesses. Then it examines the structure and selection of the curriculum of the T.P.C. and issues related to the practice education. This study will discuss the curriculum design and the grass-roots police education, basing on native and international bibliography-- references. Through profound interviews, we can realize the views of the on-the-street police on the graduates of T.P.C. and their views on the curriculum design and the practice education. Furthermore, I invited the senior students of the T.P.C. to hold a group seminar on these issues related to my study to further discuss the thesis of my study. This study has found the newly graduates of the T.P.C. can hardly cope with their tasks right after they started their career. They needed veteran sergeants to lead them to fit in with their jobs. Then they can gradually get to know how to deal with all kinds of situations take place within their jurisdictions. The curriculum design should be adjusted in accordance with the time, the social surroudings and the job requirments. There is room for improvement of the curriculum design of the T.P.C. Practice education plays a pivotal role in ‘sandwitched education’ and is necessary in police cultication. Students can broaden their horizons on policing and know the special surroundings of the policing through one-to-one practice education mode. The age of the graduates and the length of the training span they’ve received are related to the loyalty to their career and the rate of quiting jobs. The mode of “taking examination, receiving training and serving”is a must in recruitment. I proposed 11 suggestions on police education and 4 suggestions on future studies, basing on the findings of my study. Hopefully, it can do some help to enhance the quality and efficiency of the grass-roots police and be the reference for the oncoming researchers.

基層員警為國家公權力執法的人員，在維護治安第一線上，近年來在警政執行人力長期缺乏的情形下，基層員警的工作壓力與工作滿意度會造成不同程度的影響，相對也造成對組織承諾的影響。而初任員警在體驗警政工作後，在投入工作職場行為的改變與工作的調適是最好的研究議題，若配合未來的後續研究，將可提供良好的研究成果，來深入探討警政人力執行工作的組織中，員警努力工作的情形與心理的問題。 行政院謝長廷前院長在民國94年2月16日行政院第2927次會議提示下：規劃增補警力。警政署旋即規劃增補基層警察3900人；錄取人員經考試院協調於臺灣警察專科學校受訓。期間即有輔導受訓學員之隊職人員提出，受訓學員程度高，學歷大都具有大學甚至研究所畢業程度，對警察專業素質提升，具有正面意義；惟警察工作性質特殊，工作項目繁雜，在執行勤務時往往又要實施強制、取締、干涉等手段，除了工作時所面臨的壓力外，亦常常遭受到民眾的誤解與指責、無法滿足民眾的需求；且因工作壓力的影響，極可能產生自身心理沮喪、憂鬱、緊張、焦慮、無助、缺乏自信心致使自殺等情況的發生。倘若警察人員面對目前的工作滿意情形無法滿足、面對工作壓力無適當的紓解方法，如此，勢必對組織承諾的警察目標價值無法認同，除影響組織的生存，例如心理壓力負荷超過個人的容忍範圍，也將造成諸如自殺之憾事發生。 / Police officers are on behalf of government for law enforcement and stand in the front line for keeping the peace. In recent years, due to long-term shortage of police officers’ manpower, their work pressure and work satisfaction would cause different level’s influences, and meanwhile it would influence their commitment toward organization. Thus, after these novice police officers experience policing work, their changes in involving career and adjustment toward work are the best issues for research. If we can continue to do following researches, it can offer good results for analyzing police officers’ work conditions and mental issues in the organization. Former Prime Minister Frank Hsieh indicated to increase police officers in the 2927th Administration Yuan meeting on Feb. 16th, 2005. National Police Agency immediately drew up a plan to increase 3900 police officers. The candidates will take training programs in Taiwan Police College. Cadres responsible for trainings indicate that most of the trainees have bachelor degrees or master degrees and it would positively enhance police’s proficiency. However, the nature of policing is unique, it contains many trifles, when police are on duty, and usually the work involves enforcement, clampdown and interference. Besides work pressure, police often suffer misunderstanding and blame from the public, and because of the influence from work pressure, it might cause mentally or physically depressed, depression, nervousness, anxiety, helplessness, lack of confidence and eventually commit suicide. If police officers can’t be satisfied with current work situation and find no way to release work pressure, thus they may not identify police values with themselves and influence the existence of organization.

行政裁量議題研究一直為法學界與公共行政學界，討論公部門的研究核心重點之一，然法學界重其結果的影響性，公共行政學界重其組織中的運作。據此，無論官僚受到規則如何的嚴密監控，當工作授權下級，便會產生模糊的行使空間。因此，在公共行政的下的觀點，已非單純考量規則是否會造成侵害，更注重官僚本身行使時的價值及其限制性。 再者，本文以警察單位為研究對象，理由在於其依法行政時，面對社會事件，常考驗其判斷力與抉擇與人性面的挑戰，此一特色，與提供服務性質的公部門大不相同。但另一方面，為避免基層員警的裁量權使用不當，在取締告發、逮捕追緝等須受到法規與組織內部的約束。 本文視裁量權行使為決策行為的一種，對於影響個人裁量行為的問題，乃由工作面與個人行為約束面探討既有權限下對決策的影響力。從裁量執行的強度歸結出得過且過與執法不阿兩種行為類型。而影響行為選擇者，歸結出個人層面裡個人責任感、對工作的熟悉度；工作層面裡管理的嚴密度、行政課責及人情關係。統計結果發現，人口統計變項部分，裁量行為類型與專業類別、學歷及年紀的差異有關；而五個自變項對依變項均有顯著差異。 本文共計五章。第一章為諸論敘明研究動機、研究目的、研究方法與限制。第二章藉由分析現有研究而歸納出行政裁量研究之重點，整理出法制面、組織理論面與代理人理論面下不同的裁量觀。再者，由決策理論中檢視人類的行為研究，最後與警察人員作整合。第三章為研究設計。第四章以統計結果作變項間之關聯性探討，第五章整理出本文研究結果並提出政策建議。 本文由決策的描述面研究，在政策建議上較難提供完全有效的處方，但仍可由組織與個人兩方面著手思考相關配套。就組織面而言，管理者應對行政課責、管理技術作適當的調控；績效考核宜注重對工作熟悉度的正面義意；決策透明化與行政倫理的遵守，以化解人情的壓力；另外，養成教育過程中，除專業技能外，不能忽略行政倫理重要性；定期檢視法令變遷後，對程序的差異性。而在個人面，鼓勵成員對裁量困境的回饋；重視資深基層人員人力資源的經驗傳承；增進服務品質以提昇警察聲望。以期對基層員警運用於裁量行使的過程中，有助其豐富判斷力，得到較佳的結果。 / Discretion is a core issue in law, concerned with facts and consequences, while in public administration concerned with power operation in public organizations. In public administration aspect, discretion emphasizes on the values and limits in bureaucratic implementation rather than on the harm of rules. No matter how bureaucrats are strictly monitored by rules, the fact of blur in execution due to delegation of authority still exists. The object of this study focuses on the street-level bureaucrats, junior-ranking-police-officers. On the one hand, they often confront with social events in using discretionary power with their judgment. Sometimes they deal with the events and have to face the challenges on humanity side. On the other hand, in order to avoid the abuse of discretionary power, they are always restricted by rules and organizational norms in the execution of enforcement, informing violators and arresting suspects. This paper researches the issue of discretionary power in the aspects of job and individual. Dependent variables are consisted of soft enforcement and strict enforcement. Independent variables are those of the degree of strict management, the familiar of work, interaction of favoritism pressure, the responsibility of individual and administrative accountability. There are five chapters in this study. Chapter one is an introduction to study motives, purposes, research methods and limits et cetera. Chapter two is engaged to literature review reading the differences between discretion in law, organization and principal-agent aspects and the descriptive decision theory of heuristics in human daily life under uncertainty. Finally this study made effects to integrate them into the practices of junior-ranking-police-officers’ discretionary power. Chapter three is consisted of research design about research framework, hypotheses, questionnaire and its reliability and validity. Chapter four is discussed the statistical result. Chapter five is the conclusion and policy suggestion of this study. Because of applying descriptive approach, the finding of this study won’t provide for directly prescriptions for management, but they still could help us to understand real interactions in some way. For the management side, the balance art of management technology, administrative accountability, and job performance is important for managers. Secondly, better education makes better enforcement. Decision in transparent and administrative ethics could reduce improper outside pressure. Thirdly, an individual policeman should pay more attention on learning law enforcement. At last, policemen not only learn knowledge in ordinary time but give the dilemma feedback would be helpful for managers.

「知識」是21世紀的競爭武器，也是決定組織能否永續發展之根本。透過「知識管理」機制能將基層員警之經驗與知識傳承，增進基層員警的核心能力與警政組織之競爭優勢，藉以提升警政工作績效。警政競爭力之關鍵是在於警察機關的核心能力，而警察機關的核心能力又仰賴基層員警核心能力之整合。「警察」是一個富有挑戰性的職業，隨著人民需求與全球化發展，警察工作內容與範圍變得廣泛而多元，所需具備之知識與能力相對增加，因此，警察要隨時空因素之轉變而調整本身核心能力與應用分享知識，以符合社會與民眾之需求。 / 本研究以知識管理途徑來探討基層警察人員為應警察勤業務需要應具備那些核心能力，始能成為警政組織之知識工作者，並能順利完成警察任務，藉以達成卓越績效。因此，為深入分析基層警察人員知識管理與核心能力相關問題，本研究首採文獻分析，參酌國內外有關知識管理與核心能力論著，獲得理論上之知識，並配合臺北市政府警察局現況，應用現有文獻及相關計畫方案，進行多元而廣泛的資料蒐集，再佐以研究者之觀察與深入訪談實證研究分析，作實務與理論之探索，以提出基層警察人員須具備及應積極強化培訓之核心能力，並探討基層警察人員為因應未來環境變化應具備之核心能力，藉以作為警察機關常年訓練發展參考。 / 本研究經由相關理論文獻探討及實證分析，綜合發現臺北市政府警察局基層警察人員目前與未來應具備之核心能力，就其重要性依序為「法律專業知能」、「優質服務態度」、「溝通表達能力」、「問題解決能力」、「危機應變能力」與「警技執勤能力」等六項。其中最具 優勢之核心能力為「問題解決能力」。最缺乏之核心能力依次為「溝通表達能力」、「法律專業知能」、「優質服務態度」。另提出以下建議：一、運用知識管理與默會知識培養核心能力；二、定期工作分析並適時修正核心能力項目；三、適度增加分局內勤員額，並專責辦理所有警察業務；四、重視優勢核心能力之維繫；五、訓練強化基層警察人員核心能力不足之項目；六、建立以核心能力為基礎之訓練發展。 / Knowledge is the key to remaining competitive in the 21st century and is essential to the continual development of any organization. Knowledge management facilitates the transfer of knowledge from current police constables to new recruits, increases the capabilities of the constables themselves, and enhances the efficiency of the police administration – all of which make the administration more competitive. This high degree of competence is built on the foundation of police constable core capability. Law enforcement is a challenging field, with the needs of today’s citizens evolving and with the content and scope of the law becoming variable and multifunctional as a result. Improved knowledge management has become increasingly important, and the police administration must make adaptive adjustments to meet the progressing expectations of the people they serve. / The purpose of the study was to explore the core capabilities, in terms of knowledge management, required for police constables to perform efficiently in routine police work. To analyze the relationship between knowledge management and the police force’s core capability, the research referenced both domestic and foreign articles regarding these subjects. I worked with the Taipei City Police Department to evaluate their currently situation by broadly utilizing their internal research along with my own observations and interviews. This information was implemented as a practical and theoretical basis in my research. The study also explored the requirement of core capability required for police constables to react to current societal changes, and research resulting from it can be used as a reference for the police administration’s annual training. / The study analyzes the current and future core capability required for police constables of the Taipei City Police Department. In order of importance are: “Interpretation of the Law”; “Quality Service”; “Communication”; “Problem Solving”; “Crisis Management”; and “Police Skill Set”. Problem solving is the strength of the department, with communication, interpretation of the law, and quality service being weaknesses. Proposals to improve these areas are as follows: 1. Apply knowledge management to enhance core capability; 2. Routinely evaluate and adjust the items defining core capability; 3. Adequately increase the desk staffing; 4. Emphasize the necessity of core capability; 5. Enhance the core capability of underperforming police constables; and 6. Build a training plan based on core capabilities.