本論文主要探討果戈理早期浪漫主義作品《狄康卡近鄉夜話》中的東斯拉夫神話成分與題材，其神話成分屬「下層神話」或謂「魔鬼學」的領域，由於這些神話成分在故事中絕大部分扮演「惡」的載體，因此論文從作家個人對「惡」感受的生成切入，逐步剖析作家與「惡」爭鬥的歷程，進而延伸探討作品所傳達的善惡觀。 本論文共分為五章：第一章為緒論，說明研究動機與目的、研究途徑、方法及限制、文獻評論、研究架構；第二章介紹東斯拉夫神話的緣起、發展、特色及研究情形；第三章則是對果戈理及《狄康卡近鄉夜話》這部作品進行分析、評介；第四章探討果戈理如何在《狄康卡近鄉夜話》中詮釋東斯拉夫神話的成分和題材，如何營造出《狄康卡近鄉夜話》中引人入勝的神話境域，又如何透過這些虛構的神話角色來體現人性中的善惡特質，傳達作者本身甚至擴及整個民族對善惡二元論的看法；第五章則為結論。

本研究主要目的在探討高中生的睡眠型態與學業表現的關係，試圖分析睡眠時間量及睡眠的規律性與其課業表現以及睡眠相關現象(白天嗜睡程度及睡眠品質)的關係，並探討白天嗜睡及睡眠品質之中介效果及以日夜節律型態之調節效果。本研究以自填「青少年睡眠習慣問卷」，對台灣北區普通高中及綜合高中中學術學程的高中生進行調查，採群集抽樣的方式進行，共進行42個班級施測，發出1,650份問卷，取得有效問卷1,308份樣本分別以日夜節律型態類型及高低成就動機兩種分類方式進行分析，主要研究結果如下： 1.夜貓型高中生之週間週末規律性變項對於學業表現具有影響力。 2.白日型高中生之週間規律性變項對於學業表現具影響力。 3.以高低成就動機分組，兩組之睡眠型態變項對於學業影響力皆未達顯著性。 4.白天嗜睡及睡眠品質在兩種分類分析下，皆無中介效果。 本研究初步結果支持夜貓型高中生在維持週間週末某種程度睡眠規律性對於學業表現具有相當的影響性，而早晨型在週間內維持其規律性也是對於其學業表現是具有顯著影響性，也就是依其日夜節律型態在其睡眠型態維持自己生活作息的規律性，而不在時間點或睡眠量的多寡來作要求，也許對於正值課業壓力或生心理高度變化的青少年時期會是更合適的睡眠作息。 / The purposes of this study are to explore the relationship of the sleep pattern with academic performance, day time sleepiness and sleep quality in senior high school students. Data were collected by sleep pattern questionnaire of the adolescent. The participants included 1650 students form the 10th grade to 12th grade, recruited form senior high schools in Taipei. Using stratified cluster sampling method. There were 1308 of valid questionnaires obtained. The major results are as follow: (1) The variablity of the sleep-wake pattern between weekdays and weekends has significant influences on academic performace in the evening type students. (2) The variablity of the sleep-wake pattern during weekdays showed significant influences on academic performace in the morening type students. (3) In both the high and low achievement motivation groups, sleep pattern showed no significant associations with academic performance. (4) The mediation effect of daytime sleepiness and sleep quality were not proven in all the data analyses. In coclusion, the results indicate that in evening type students, maintaining regularity of sleep pattern between weekdays and weekends would be beneficial to their academic performance; and in the morning type students, keeping regular weekday sleep-wake schedules seem to be more important for better academic performance. Therefore, when considering the influences on academic performance, regularity of sleep seem to be more important than quantity of sleep in high schoolers.

《古今和歌集》是最早的敕撰和歌集，於延喜五年（905年）成立，其編撰者為紀友則・紀貫之・凡河内躬恒・壬生忠岑。歌數約為一一一〇首，由二十巻構成。在卷別上，分為春（上下巻）・夏・秋（上下巻）・冬・賀・離別・羇旅・物名・恋（巻一～巻五）・哀傷・雑・雑体・大歌所御歌。歌風屬纖細優美。一一一〇首和歌之中，由四季歌（342首）及戀歌（360首）二大支柱構成，四季歌是依據季節的推移來排列。而戀歌是依戀愛的進行過程來排列，其排列被認定具有時間性之推移。因此，本論文將以《古今和歌集》的戀歌為對象，透過「晨與夜」「夢境與現實」「昔時與今日」等時間性之對照表現，來解析戀歌。 本論文首先將和歌分類，整理出同性質之和歌。其次，分析各類和歌中之對照表現，並考察各和歌中對照表現之意義。 本論文由六章構成，第一章論述研究目的等內容。第二章從和歌與戀歌的本質開始，探討《古今集》戀歌的本質及構成，並分析《古今集》戀歌中的時間特質。第三章以「晨與夜」的對照表現為中心。其中分為「特定的晨與夜」、「不特定的晨與夜」二個主題，來探討《古今集》戀歌中晨與夜的對照表現。第四章以「夢境與現實」為中心，其中分為「想於夢中相會」→「無法在夢境相會」→「夢中會面」→「現實中會面」→「無法再於夢境相會」等五個主題來探討。第五章是以「昔時與今日」為中心來分析。分為「相遇之前的昔時與相遇之後的今日」及「相愛的昔時與離別後的今日」二個主題，來考察歌中「昔時」與「今日」的對照表現。第六章是透過與《萬葉集》的比較，來釐清《古今和歌集》中時間性對照表現的角色與意義。 / “Kokinwakashuh” is the first waka collections that Japanese Emperor chose, and it was compiled around the year 905. The editors are Ki no Tsurayuki, Ki no Tomonori, Oshikochi Mitsune, and Mibu no Tadamine. The chapters are Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter, Congratulations, Partings, Travel, Acrostics, Love, Laments, Miscellaneous, Miscellaneous Forms, and Traditional Poems from the Bureau of Song. The style is courtly elegance of classical, disciplined beauty. In these 1100 poems, the four season Poems and ‘koinouta’ (Love Poems) are two pillars. The Seasons Poems are arranged according to the transition of seasons. The ‘koinouta’ (Love Poems) are arranged according to the process of love, and there is the transition of time in the arrangement. It is admitted that time is a critical factor in Poems of “Kokinshuh”. Therefore, the ‘koinouta’ (Love Poems) of “Kokinwakashuh” is the subject in this thesis. The ‘koinouta’ (Love Poems) are analyzed through the contrastive expression of time, like ‘morning and night’, ‘dream and reality’ and ‘past and present’. In this thesis, poems were classified first, and the homogeneous poems were put together. The contrast expression in the poems of each kind was analyzed, and the meaning of the contrast expression in each poem was investigated. This thesis consists of six chapters. The purpose of research was discussed in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, the theory is progressed from the essence of the waka and the ‘koinouta’ (Love Poems). In the same chapter, essence and the composition of the ‘koinouta’ (Love Poems) were examined, and the time characteristic in ‘koinouta’ (Love Poems) of “Kokinwakashuh” was analyzed. In Chapter 3, it centered on the contrast expression of ‘morning and night’. It is separated for two subjects, ‘specific morning and night’ and ’unspecific morning and night’. In Chapter 4, it centered on the contrast expression of ‘dream and reality’. It is separated for five subjects. In Chapter 5, it centered on the contrast expression of ‘past and present’. It is separated for two subjects. In Chapter 6, the role and the meaning of a time contrast expression in “Kokinwakashuh” were clarified through the comparison with “Manyoshuh”.

本研究試圖從青少年的視角，透過詮釋現象學方法論觀點來認識三位青少年夜晚家外的活動經驗、活動歷程的轉變、對活動經驗所賦予的意義，以及在夜晚家外活動中，所覺察到的自身角色定位與自我的意義。藉由深度訪談的方式蒐集分析文本，資料分析方法上則使用主題分析法呈現三位青少年夜晚家外活動與自我形塑的歷程。 三位青少年夜晚家外自我形塑的歷程故事，呈現了「青少年」不是只有單一的樣貌。隨著每一位青少年不同的個人特質與喜好，再加上生活情境脈絡的差異，在與不同的人事物互動當中，形塑了每一個人不同的經歷與角色形象，展現了不同的「自我」。「自我」的意義存在於每一個人的行動當中，是個人與環境互動過程而產生的，因此青少年夜晚的家外行動，一部份展現其生活環境的區域特性，另一方面，也展現了個人的主體性，在看似相同的活動當中，卻有一些不同的行動，以及行動背後所隱藏著不同的意義脈絡。所以如同我和三位青少年，四個人，就有四種夜晚的故事，而一千零一個青少年，就會有一千零一夜的故事。 最後根據本研究之結果，研究者於文末針對家庭、學校、青少年相關政策、青少年外展工作提出了相關建議與省思。 / Using hermeneutic phenomenology, this study examined evening activities of three adolescents in the community. I conducted in-depth interviews, asking the participants to describe their evening activities, the meaning of these activities, and the role of self in these activities. I analyzed the transcripts using thematic analysis and presented their course of self-development involving in these varying evening activities in the community. The evening stories of these three participants showed that three were no stereotypical images of youth. Every youths had their own personal traits and preferences. And, their individual life situations and people interaction shaped who they have become and how they see themselves. Therefore, the meaning of self exists in every human action with other individuals and in the environment. So, the types of evening activities youths participated in showed the characteristics of the environment they lived in and showed their individual unique characteristics. Even though there were some activities seemingly identical, there were hidden meanings behind them. These study showed that ever youth has their own unique story. Like me and the participants, we together had four evening stories to tell. So if there were one thousand and one youths, there would be one thousand and one stories to tell. At the end, suggestions and implications were discussed about family, school, and youth-related policies and youth outreach work.

金融商品的價格變動是投資人用以判斷獲利與否的重要工具，因為價格變動不易精確預測，所以常利用其他變數輔助預測價格變動，其中以交易量最常被投資人用來分析價格變動。本文是利用台灣首檔指數型股票基金「台灣50指數股票型基金，簡稱TTT」，分析基金的價格變動與交易量之間的關係。 由於TTT具有「實物申購╱買回」機制，當TTT發生折溢價現象時，投資者會利用此機制進行策略性的投資。因此，「實物申購╱買回」機制使用，會對TTT交易量產生影響，並且使得基金淨值與價格更為貼進。所以本文也將分析TTT折溢價與交易量之間的關係。 本研究利用Granger因果關係理論檢測變數之間的因果關係，實證結果發現，TTT的交易量與價格變動呈現雙向因果關係，且折溢價對於交易量具有單向因果關係，即折溢價可以解釋和預測交易量變動，並且折溢價偏離的現象在半天之內會消失。因此，歸論「實物申購╱買回」機制能有效發揮其作用。 / This study examines intraday patterns of the Taiwan Top 50 Tracker Fund (TTT), with special emphasis on the causal relationship between trading volume and return, and the causal relationship between trading volume and deviation ratio. We find strong intraday seasonality, namely the W-shaped trading pattern which appeared to be caused by the so-called lunch-break effect. After accounting for this apparent seasonality, and by employing the Granger causality test, we find that there is a causal bi-direction relationship between trading volume and absolute return. However, there only exists a uni-directional causal relationship from the deviation ratio to trading volume, but not vice versa. Also, the deviation is disappeared within half day.

過去研究顯示負向情緒會干擾夜間睡眠，預期可有效降低負向情緒的情緒調節策略應有助於睡眠，然而，認知再評估策略對睡眠的影響卻未有一致的研究結果，此可能受限於過去研究多以問卷測量認知再評估策略的使用偏好，卻未測量個體使用策略的能力，亦即認知再評估策略的調節效果。本研究透過實驗室典範測量認知再評估能力，主要探討個體使用認知再評估策略的能力是否會影響個體於夜間情緒調節的效果，以及再評估策略於睡前之適用性。本研究受試者共24位，包含11名男性與13名女性，平均年齡為22歲。受試者皆依序經歷引發和調節負向情緒的實驗情境與中性情境兩個夜晚，並以主觀問卷與客觀生理反應測量受試者使用認知再評估策略調節情緒的表現，及對其後續睡眠的影響，在兩晚作業結束後，受試者會回到實驗室進行認知再評估能力測量作業。研究結果發現，認知再評估能力佳者於實驗晚的情緒調節表現較佳，在能力指標中，正負向與憤怒感調節佳者，其睡前生理激發度增加量較低、入睡前高頻腦波相對功率較低，且較不會高估入睡耗時；此外，運用再評估策略會增加較高情緒控制感者，入睡後高頻腦波相對功率較低，且實驗晚所增加的入睡耗時較低。整體來說，負向情緒會干擾後續睡眠，於正負向指標上調節能力佳者較可減少其主觀失眠困擾度，且使用再評估策略後有較高情緒控制感者，較可彈性的運用再評估策略。 / Negative emotion has been showed to interfere with sleep, therefore effective emotion regulation to reduce negative emotion prior to sleep could be beneficial for sleep. Cognitive reappraisal is generally considered to be an effective and adaptive emotion-regulation strategy, but previous studies had inconsistent findings about the impact of reappraisal on sleep. A study has even found that insomnia patients had a higher frequency to use reappraisal in comparison to good sleepers. However, previous studies used self-report measure of an individual's tendency to use reappraisal. It has been shown that the frequency of using reappraisal did not correlate with the ability to use reappraisal as measured by reduction of stress reactivity after standard laboratory challenge. The present study examined the hypothesis that the impact of pre-sleep reappraisal on sleep onset process depends on individual's cognitive reappraisal ability (CRA). Twenty-four normal sleepers were recruited (male:11, female:13, average age: 22 years). Participants came to sleep laboratory for two experimental nights and one daytime reappraisal ability evaluation. For the two experimental nights, participants did a cognitive task and got two different feedbacks for the two conditions: either a neutral feedback (baseline condition night) or a negative feedback (experimental condition night). They were instructed to use cognitive reappraisal strategy to reduce negative emotion after getting negative feedback. The change of subjective emotion ratings and physiological reaction were measured during the presleep task. Polysomnographic recording and subjective ratings of sleep onset experience was conducted for the sleep onset process analysis. During the daytime session, the ability of the participants to use reappraisal was measured with physiological reactivity to a standard laboratory challenge with anger-inducing films. The results showed that, at experimental night, participants with high CRA in reducing emotion valence exhibited better emotion regulation outcomes, less presleep somatic arousal increments, lower beta power before falling asleep, and less overestimation of their sleep onset latency (SOL). Besides, participants with high CRA in reducing dominance of emotion exhibited shorter emotion regulation time, lower beta power after falling asleep, and lesser SOL increments. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that reappraisal ability would determined whether cognitive reappraisal strategy is adaptive for presleep emotion regulation; those individuals with better CRA in reducing dominance of emotion might have more flexibility in applying reappraisal strategy.

本研究分為兩個部分，第一個部分為探討1990年來英美等國央行貨幣政策操作改革方向，期望貨幣市場的金融同業隔夜拆款利率，沿著隔夜拆款目標利率微幅波動。 英國央行原採零準備率制度，不易估測貨幣市場資金，其隔夜拆款利率波動幅度較美國為劇，為有效控制操作目標， 2006年5月起實施「自願準備金制度」，有利英國央行進行公開市場操作，達成穩定利率的效果。 第二部分參考Nadja(2006)一文，探討我國央行貨幣政策操作對短期利率之影響，係以隔夜拆款利率與目標利率的利差為利率函數模型之因變數，其中以重貼現率為目標利率，並以超額準備為主要的操作變數。 本文以最小平方估計法（OLS）實證結果發現，央行貨幣政策操作有效地影響隔夜拆款利率；惟2003年起央行不以重貼現率為隔夜拆款利率的底限，貨幣政策操作對隔夜拆款利率與重貼現率之間的利率變動並無顯著性的影響，亦即央行已放棄重貼現率為隔夜拆款利率之目標利率，而係積極地進行之公開市場操作，穩定短期利率。

首先說明，本文並不著重於法制史之研究。蓋刑事訴訟之動態發展，研究範圍仍應以我國現行刑事訴訟法之規定為主軸，其中我國實務呈現新舊見解交錯影響之狀況，相關的偵審歷史痕跡將於相關章節鋪述，並涉及我國歷年相關學說發展。 關於我國實務見解研究，著重於我國最高法院歷年來所做成的判例，並輔以2003年修法前後最高法院關於偵訊自白的判決、刑事庭決議，其中並納入相關的初級審、上訴審法院判決、座談會以及檢察署研究決議，比較分析我國實務界對於偵訊自白概念與判定證據能力的處理模式。之後並檢討我國實務見解產生的問題。 本文亦將分析我國學說對於偵訊自白的處理，尤其是學說判定偵訊自白證據能力的議題，嚴重受到實務見解「自白法則」之影響，導致偵訊自白的證據能力難以為有系統的說明。相較於此，本文擬從我國歷年修法之相關法制進行研究，並以德國、美國的現行法、判決實務、學說討論進行比較分析。其中在相關議題上，採擇歐陸法系典範的德國學說、實務論述、並及於近年我國刑事訴訟法修訂的法律繼受國美國及日本的學說與相關實務見解，部分並佐以筆者所知悉的歐洲人權法院判決。論述時尤著重於相關概念的說明，特別是在外國學說或實務引介時，探討其所所涵蓋之範圍，避免文義上之誤解 。

本研究對象為夜市利害關係人與消費者，欲探討夜市科技導入之使用者需求，以找出夜市科技需求為目的。本研究的研究方法，第一階段透過學理基礎分析為基礎，將夜市各領域文獻與產業現況進行整合，且實地走訪夜市，進行環境掃描，並透過質化的深度訪談，探討夜市利害關係人的需求，嘗試以不同使用者角度與參與治理觀點角度切入，找出目前產業現象所知的使用者需求之外，再找出其他潛在的使用者需求。 第二階段以質化深度訪談結果建立量化的網路問卷，以統計數據分析消費者心理，在相關分析中顯示影響夜市的科技應用與使用科技的知覺價值互為顯著正相關；而在多元迴歸分析中顯示影響夜市的科技應用對影響夜市消費者使用科技的行為態度、使用科技的知覺價值對影響夜市消費者使用科技的行為態度、夜市消費者使用科技的行為態度對夜市消費者使用科技的意願等三個路徑結果中皆有變數為顯著正相關，透過分析結果驗證消費者對於科技使用需求的心理特質，以提供符合夜市供需雙方之使用者需求設計。 第三階段彙整出夜市科技使用者動機與需求結果，提出對夜市具參考性的科技使用需求機制與功能規劃，並進行數位內容應用建置與規劃，設計夜市APP數位內容，呈現系統架構、流程規劃與介面建置，改善夜市遭遇之問題，供未來其他研究者參考或應用於數位內容應用開發與實務上。 總結，本研究成果為：（1）彙整出夜市產業對於數位科技應用的需求與想像。（2）依據使用者需求規劃出夜市科技的系統架構與流程，並設計出夜市數位內容應用介面。（3）最終，解決夜市產業面臨的困境，增加整體對於夜市發展的參與度，提昇夜市競爭能力，供未來研究者與開發設計者能參考。 / The subjects of this study are night market stakeholders and consumers; the study aims to explore user demand for the introduction of technology to night markets, and to determine the demand for night market technology. The research methods employed by this study are as follows: the first part of this study is based upon theoretical foundation analysis, and combines literature related to a variety of fields related to night markets with the current state of the industry. Furthermore, on-site interviews were conducted at night markets, and surveys of the night market environment were conducted; in addition, qualitative in-depth interviews were used to determine the demands of night-market stakeholders. These methods also attempt to determine known user demands according to current industry conditions, in addition to determining other potential user demands from different user and administrative perspectives. In the second part, the results of in-depth qualitative interviews are used to establish a quantitative online questionnaire; statistical data analysis of consumer psychology and correlation analysis reveal that there is a significant and positive correlation between night-market-influencing technology applications and the perceived value of technology use; furthermore, multivariate regression analysis shows the following: according to three pathway results, variables with positive and significant correlations exist for the effect of night-market-influencing technology applications on the behavioral attitudes of night market consumers to using technology, the effect of the perceived value of technology use on behavioral attitudes that influence technology use by night market consumers, and the effect of behavioral attitudes of night market consumers towards technology use on the willingness of night market consumers to use technology. An analysis of these results was used to verify the psychological characteristics of demand for consumer technology use, and to provide a user demand design that is compatible with supply and demand conditions of night markets. The third section of this paper summarizes results related to the motivations and demands of night market technology users, and proposes technology user demand mechanisms and functional plans with referential value for night markets. Furthermore, this section describes the establishment and planning of a digital content application, design of digital content for the night market app, the system framework, and conduction of process planning and interface set-up. In addition, it addresses how the issues encountered by night markets can be resolved, and provides reference for future researchers, which can be applied to digital content application development and practice. The results of this study are as follows: it summarizes the demands and vision of the night market industry with regard to digital technology applications. According to the demands of users, it plans a system framework and process for night market technology, and designs a digital content application interface for night markets. Finally, it resolves difficulties encountered by the night market industry, and improves the overall level of participation in night market development, in addition to improving the competitiveness of night markets. Furthermore, it provides a reference for future researchers.