本論文旨在探討一九八七年至一九九四年間兩岸教育交流的緣起、現況、發展、及所衍生的教育問題。全文共分六章。第一章緒論，論述研究動機、目的、範圍與限制，以及研究方法與基本架構之介紹。第二章教育交流之背景，旨在追溯兩岸關係之演變及探究促成教育交流之因素，比較兩岸發展有別的教育體質與環境。第三章教育交流之政策，探討兩岸交流政策與法規之關係及其真實意涵。第四章教育交流之現況與發展，綜合整理七年來的交流歷史，且依性質分成九種型態，並詳細依發生先後作簡要紀錄，再將各型態內容作一分析，裨助日後交流之參考。第五章教育交流之問題與對策，乃將交流後浮現的五大教育問題，其發生的原因、現況與自身問題、影響及兩岸當局態度一一研析，且提出因應對策。第六章結論，將各章所得呈現，反思教育交流功能與阻礙，並提出建議。

在全球化衝擊下，高等教育已進入一個高度競爭的時代，教育的專業化、自由化與國際化已成為無可避免的趨勢。因此兩岸教育與合作，除了在兩岸互動與和平發展上有劃時代的意涵外，更具有「符合世界潮流，與國際接軌」的深遠意義。 2008年總統大選結束，國內的政治情勢產生了前所未有的劇烈轉變，隨著政治立場的更迭，政府大幅調整了大陸政策，以往被忽視的陸生來臺就學政策也重新浮上檯面。 本研究旨在探討開放陸生來臺政策之研究，主要採用文獻探討及政策分析等進行研究，以多重角度地探討開放陸生來臺對臺灣國家安全、教育、社會文化及經濟等方面可能造成的衝擊與問題。 根據本研究歸納整理，主要結論如下： 一、全球化下高等教育學生流動成為趨勢，兩岸學生交流亦是時勢所趨。 二、開放陸生來臺就學政策，應兼顧臺灣學生權益。 三、招收陸生來臺應規劃妥善的相關配套措施，以減少衝擊與疑慮。 四、大學校院應積極發展各自的特色，並提升教育的品質。 五、推動兩岸大學校院的策略聯盟及整合產官學的合作，提升兩岸大學整體競爭力。 / Under the impact of globalization, higher education has entered a highly competitive era. Specialization, liberalization and internationalization of education have also become an unavoidable trend. Therefore, the education and cooperation between Taiwan and China not only show the interaction and development between the two sides of Taiwan Strait, but also equip the meaning of world trend and globalization in this new era. After the presidential election in 2008, the domestic political situation has suffered from a severe transformation in Taiwan. With the change of the political standpoint, the government greatly adjusted the policies toward Mainland China and the policy for Mainland China students studying in Taiwan has emerged again. The main point of this study is to discuss the policy of Mainland China students studying in Taiwan. The study mainly adopted the methods of literature review and policy analysis to explore the potential impacts and problems related to national security, education, culture and economy from several different facets. According to the study, some conclusions has been drawn, i. Due to globalization, the interflow of higher education students has become a tendency. The communication between the students from Taiwan and China, Of course, is also driven by this trend. ii. The government should consider the rights of Taiwanese students at the same time when implementing the policy for Mainland China students studying in Taiwan. iii. To decrease the impact and scruples due to the new policy, the government is obligated to establish a set of proper plans when admitting Mainland China students. iv. Each university in Taiwan is responsible for developing the specific characteristic and promoting the education quality. v. Promote the strategic alliance between the two sides of Taiwan Strait and integrate the cooperation between industry, government and science to strengthen the overall competitiveness of the universities in Taiwan and China.

在21世紀的國際關係中，全球事務的複雜性提高，跨國民眾間的互動愈趨頻繁，以國家為中心的傳統外交思維逐漸出現轉變。各國的外交政策也更強調跨文化間的對話與互動，及建立跨國人際關係網絡的重要性。而公眾外交的作用即在於藉由影響他國民眾或菁英份子的認知與觀感，進而在目標國家內部形塑對本國有利的政策環境，遂成為各國政府制定對外政策時的重要工具，更是當前相當熱門的國際關係研究主題。近年來，我國政府也開始透過多樣化的途徑來推動公眾外交，希望提升國家形象以期能增加臺灣的國際能見度。其中，國際教育交流不僅能夠提供國際青年學子相互交往的機會，促使外籍學生以最直接的方式認識臺灣，甚至能建立他國民眾與我國的長期情感聯繫，被認為是最有效的推動途徑之一。在這樣的研究背景及政策環境基礎上，本文將以「臺灣獎學金計畫」作為研究主軸，並針對計畫受獎生進行問卷調查，進而評估政府獎學金計畫推動公眾外交的成效，同時也將釐清「臺灣獎學金計畫」在我國公眾外交上扮演何種角色。 總結而言，本研究首先經由詳盡地文獻回顧，以釐清公眾外交的發展脈絡及不同發展階段的概念核心。其次，本文嘗試賦予公眾外交更多在國際關係和外交政策中具體的理論基礎，並將軟實力、系統理論、結構主義的概念帶入公眾外交領域之中。再者，本文也從臺灣眾多的公眾外交作為中，歸納出其背後所欲追求的政策目標，而後聚焦於說明「臺灣獎學金計畫」，並致力於探討及評析國際間具知名度的政府獎學金計畫，從中歸納出成功推行政府獎學金計畫的關鍵因素，進而與我國獎學金計畫進行比較。最後，本文藉由問卷調查的實證結果來說明我國以政府獎學金推動公眾外交的成效，並提供臺灣日後發展公眾外交的建議。 / International relations in 21st Century has shown the features of highly complexity of global affairs and frequently interaction among cross-borders people; therefore, traditional diplomacy has changed into modern face accordingly. Nowadays, the governments tend to emphasize the dialogues and linkages of relationship between different cultures in foreign policy. The purpose of public diplomacy is to influence opinion in target countries to make it easier for the government to achieve its aims. For this reasons, public diplomacy has become an essential element of many countries foreign policy and a popular research area in the IR studies. Taiwanese Government has implemented public diplomacy in various approaches in order to improve the Taiwan images on the world stages. Among all the approaches of public diplomacy, international educational exchanges can not only let international students experience Taiwan in person, but also facilitate inter-cultural communication and build the long-lasting relationships between Taiwan. Based on the above-mentioned reasons, this article takes the Taiwan Scholarship Program as a study case in order to analyze of the role of the program in Taiwan’s public diplomacy. This study empirically investigates the outcomes of the Taiwan Scholarship Program by conducting the questionnaire for the Taiwan Scholarship grantees, who are studying in Taiwan during 2011-2012. To sum up, this article manages to extensively retrospect the development of public diplomacy in the international relations and capture the core elements of public diplomacy under different ages. Besides, in order to provide theoretical bases for public diplomacy, the article tries to put soft power, systemic theory, and structuralism into discussions. Furthermore, the study dedicates to illustrate its policy goals from the practices of Taiwan’s public diplomacy and compare the Taiwan Scholarship Program with other prestigious government scholarship in world as well. Finally, the study indicates that the Taiwan Scholarship Program plays an important role in Taiwan’s public diplomacy, particularly because face-to face contact between grantees and Taiwanese people helps diminish the stereotypes and increase the mutual understanding.

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C)(2) 課題番号:17530562 研究代表者:加藤 鉦治 研究期間:2005-2007年度