緣台灣期貨交易所乃是依據期貨交易法所設立之公司組織，就產業經濟學角度而言，屬於獨占事業，其費率應受政府管制，而其收費標準除考量本身財務健全與業務發展外，應儘可能減少各項服務之收費水準，透過降低交易成本，活絡期貨市場交易，促進公共利益。 就台灣期貨交易所臺股期貨之「交易經手費」與「結算業務手續費」兩項之收費標準進行進行跨國性比較，結果發現：目前臺灣期貨交易所收取類股指數期貨之交易經手與結算業務手續費顯著高於國際上美國、德國、英國、日本、韓國等國家期貨交易所之收費標準，且在比較台灣整體專營期貨商每年均有高額盈餘之情況下，認為臺灣期貨交易所收取類股指數期貨之交易經手與結算業務手續費收費標準應有合理調降的空間。 爰針對主管機關及臺灣期貨交易所，分別提出相關建議：主管機關宜將焦點集中於合理收費標準的公平性，透過控制及管制臺灣期貨交易所的報酬合理化，並藉由機制增進其效率與消費者共享；參考國外期貨市場交易與發展經驗，擴增臺灣期貨交易所之業務種類及範圍，使其商品更為多元化，進而擴大整體市場規模。基於強化公司治理精神，加強外部獨立董事之指派及其專業性與中立性，以確保獨立董事發揮其功能，維持市場運作之公正性。建議臺灣期貨交易所未來在組織架構調整上，考慮以控股公司模式運作；延長期貨市場交易時間，以利與國際接軌並提高策略聯盟之可行性及國際合作的機會。在收取交易手續費及結算服務費之成本不斷下降的狀況下，應可藉由發展多元化期貨商品提供交易服務，來吸引更多投資人從事期貨交易，善用期貨商品，以增進其財富及生活品質，並提升受託結算客戶比重藉以擴大產出水準獲取最大利潤；可從合理調降商品手續費，強化其國際競爭力，以謀求市場參與者之權益與國家證券市場之穩定，創造臺灣期貨市場自由、公平競爭的客觀環境。 關鍵詞：獨占、期貨交易所、收費標準

由於金融環境快速的發展與衍生性金融商品市場的建立，再加上國人對於衍生性金融商品交易量逐年的增加，使得衍生性金融商品保證金的計收方式變得格外的重要。因為若是計收過高的保證金，雖可降低違約之風險，但對交易人而言其交易成本卻提高了，此可能降低交易人投資的意願；反之計收過低的保證金，則交易所將承擔極大的違約風險。 故本研究將依台灣期貨交易所現行的保證金制度，利用貪婪法（Greedy Method）設計出一套選擇權保證金策略選取法，並與台灣期貨交易所現行的選擇單制度及先權後期法、先期後法等選擇權保證金策略選取法進行衍生性金融商品保證金抵減率之比較。以找出能為交易人計算出有利之保證金計收方式。

台灣期貨交易所主要收入來源為交易經手費及結算手續費，和先進國家相比，我國此兩項收費偏高，且隨著期貨市場交易量日增，期交所保留盈餘已超越股本，費用似有調降的空間。 期交所為一獨占組織，收費須受政府管制訂定，又其為公司制，定價須考量股東合理之報酬及保留可供未來擴充內部之資金，但亦肩負盡可能降低費率，以活絡市場，提升我國價格競爭力，與國際接軌等政策任務，具有公益及營利雙重性質。本文根據台灣期貨交易所1997年至2004年的損益表及1999年至2005年的成交量，利用高低點法分析期交所成本特性，再使用目標利潤訂價法及成本加成定價法試算交易經手費及結算手續費之建議費率，然後與現行費率比較，評估期交所收費是否合理。結果顯示實際收取的交易經手費是建議費率的2.35倍，結算手續費則是2.26倍，建議費率遠低於實際定價，故收費標準應有調降空間。

世界上成功之交易所大多可以提供附廣度以及深度的商品，滿足各種投資人。若交易所提供證券、金融期貨、商品期貨、選擇權等商品以供投資人選擇，這就是附有廣度的交易所，具備完整性的市場，此外流動性也是交易所各類商品是否得以成功上市之關鍵因素之一，高度流動性可以降低交易成本，提高投資人繼續參與市場之意願，進而帶動商品後續的成長動力，這就是附有深度的市場。兼具廣度與深度性質之交易所，不僅僅能滿足各類投資人之需求，更能幫助經濟之發展。 臺灣期貨交易所（Taiwan Futures Exchange；TAIFEX）現行交易商品包括臺股期貨、電子期貨、金融期貨、小型臺指期貨、臺灣50指數期貨等等，這些商品是以金融期貨（Financial futures）為主，為了建構市場的完整性，增加市場的廣度，是有必要推出商品期貨（Commodity futures），不僅可滿足更多投資大眾之需求、促進商品現貨之避險套利活動，並且有助於市場效率。在眾多商品期貨中挑選貴重金屬期貨當成先發在目前此一環境是相當重要的，因為天然資源最大的先天限制在於蘊藏量在短期下是有限量的，再加上近幾年總體經濟面臨通膨壓力下，與通膨高度相關的黃金投資將再度成為市場上的寵兒。在這樣背景之下臺灣期貨交易所擬在2006年3月27日推出第一檔商品期貨－黃金期貨是很受肯定的，因此本論文將以黃金期貨（GDF）為例子，進一步闡釋如何為商品期貨市場建立相關的提供流動性之制度與計畫，使得市場的深度得以透過此等制度而成功建造。 在國外交易所剛推出商品期貨或者金融期貨都會面臨到流動性不足之現象，但是前者標的商品並不若後者來的具備齊一性，使商品期貨流動性的問題較金融期貨來更受重視。因此國外交易所在推出商品期貨常會順勢引入造市者制度，透過造市者在市場建立之初創造流動性，使買賣價差縮小，將有助於交易者的交易成本降低，另外遠期現貨價格也將透過高流動性逐漸反映在期貨的價格上，避險者也會有信心進場避險，如此一個成功的期貨商品才算是真正成功推出。所以造市者制度對於新期貨商品之推出是很關鍵的，尤其是對商品期貨更是如此，因此臺灣期貨交易所在推出黃金期貨時，為了樹立成功的商品期貨典範並且吸引更多投資者進入商品期貨市場交易，實有建立屬於期貨市場造市者制度之必要。 / Successful exchanges could provide both breadth and depth of financial products to fulfill investors’needs. An exchange filled with breadth indicates that it could provide many different kinds of financial products to investors. As for depth, also called liquidity, it means the ease of entering or exiting a market. Generally speaking, liquidity plays an important part and is also one of the successful keys in financial markets. Because high liquidity could reduce the transaction cost and enhance investors’interests towards the markets, it could bring the growth engine of financial products. As a result, an exchange filled with breadth and depth could not only fulfill investors’needs, but also help the development of the economy. As for Taiwan Futures Exchange (TAIFEX), until 27th March, 2006, it has already provided TAIEX futures, Taiwan 50 futures, and so on. Among these products, it is easy to tell that TAIFEX only provides financial futures but no commodity futures. Therefore, to improve the completeness and efficiency of the market, TAIFEX considers providing commodity futures so that all kinds of investors, such as speculators, hedgers, and arbitrager, could be effectively satisfied. As for the underlying assets of this commodity futures, since the price of gold has been getting higher and higher, and financial products associated with gold have also become more important, TAIFEX decided to launch gold futures on 27th March, 2006. Based on the previous background, this thesis would concentrate on illustrating how liquidity of commodity futures could be improved by executing the market maker program of gold futures. Usually, when exchanges launched new futures, most of them had difficulties in the illiquidity. Moreover, the underlying assets of commodity futures are not as identical as that of financial futures. Therefore, exchanges need to make more efforts in creating the liquidity of commodity futures. Market maker program is a good solution to this problem. Through actively trading of the market makers, it could increase market’s liquidity, reduce bid-ask spread, and further decrease the transaction cost. As a result, in order to provide successful commodity futures and attract more investors entering the markets, it is necessary for TAIFEX to adopt and design their own market maker program. To sum up, if TAIEX set a good example through gold futures, it will pave the light way for the other kinds of commodity futures.

This paper investigates the liquidity and the bid-ask spread components of the Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index futures contracts, Taiwan Stock Exchange Electronic Sector Index futures contracts, and Taiwan Stock Exchange Banking and Insurance Sector Index futures contracts traded on the Taiwan Futures Exchange, which switched from an electronic periodic call auction market to an electronic continuous auction market on July 29th 2002. It is a rare opportunity to deeply examine the liquidity and transaction cost components of financial derivatives under different trading mechanisms. Using intraday transaction data of transaction and quotes covering from March 2002 to May 2002 for the old trading mechanism and from October 2002 to December 2002 for the new trading mechanism, liquidity measures and bid-ask spread components are examined before and after the enforcement of the electronic continuous auction mechanism. First, for each type of futures contracts, liquidity measures including bid-ask spread, trading volume, trade number, trade size, volatility, and liquidity ratio are explored to show the multifacet of liquidity. Next, the model of Lin, Sanger, and Booth (1995) is used to decompose the spreads of each product in the two periods. The empirical results show that quote spreads, effective spreads, percentage effective spreads, and dollar-weighted percentage effective spreads of the new system are all significantly lower than those measures in the old system for all of the three types of futures contracts. However, other liquidity measures do not show the same patterns. Overall, improvement of liquidity is found for futures contracts but not very consistent though. Multifacet of liquidity is showed by different measures, although two of these measures, including trade size and trade number, may not be suitable for this study. Moreover, the adverse selection is the most important component in the call auction market, which decreases in the continuous auction market. However, the change of other components, including order processing cost and order persistence, does not demonstrate the same pattern. The results indicate that the electronic continuous auction system protects uninformed traders from being hurt by informed traders. However, we also show that each type of futures contracts has its own specific component structure.

臺灣之證券及期貨市場及相關單位是否合併、如何合併，自2003年起便有相關的討論出現，期間也因許多因素使此政策一變再變，遲遲無法達成共識並實行。 　　整併是否必為正面效應，衡量之標準及時間並無標準，由不同的角度或時間觀之必有不同，因此本文將不著重在是否應整併及整併之利弊分析上，而是以既定之整併政策方向為前提，觀察他國整併實例，嘗試找出適合臺灣的整併模式及分工。 　　證券及期貨市場及相關單位的整併除了不同模式間之選擇問題外，更大的難題乃是在於整併時之法律問題及整併後面臨最大的難題－交易所之公益角色與營利目的之衝突；前者我國已有採取控股公司模式之定論，也為理論上較適於我國之模式，後者則是本文的討論重點──如何維護交易所之公益功能，包括相關法令規範的建置、交易所控股公司及旗下相關子公司之自律，以及政府之妥善監理等。