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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

住宅新推個案市場價量關係之分析 / The relation between housing price and trading volume

羅于婷 Unknown Date (has links)
價量關係研究於金融市場甚豐,然於台灣之住宅新推個案市場則相當匱乏,因此本研究關注台灣住宅新推個案市場之價量關係,考量住宅空間次市場差異,區分為內部關係─價量關係,以及外部關係─價/量波及效果。研究以全國及五大都會區為(台北市、台北縣、桃竹地區、台中都會區及南高都會區)為空間範圍;1996年第1季至2009第4季之可能成交價、成交量資料,運用時間序列分析方法,釐清住宅空間次市場內部之價量關係是否存在差異,以及次市場間成交價/量是否存在相互影響的效果,以提供預測市場價量趨勢之參考。 研究結果顯示台北市之成交量領先成交價3期,價量交互影響程度較其他地區大,可知台北市住宅市場之成交量變動在住宅市場趨勢預測中更為關鍵;南高都會區之價量存在共整合關係,表示價量調整具長期均衡,背離程度有限;台北縣、桃竹地區及台中都會之價量則無明顯領先落後關係,價量關係相對薄弱。波及效果之研究結果顯示成交價之波及效果主要由台北都會區擴散至其他都會區,影響方向為單向且範圍較大;成交量則以相對鄰近之都會區為影響範圍,影響主要為雙向,但範圍較小。本研究認為台灣住宅市場過度關注價格訊息,然而更應重視成交量變化的掌握,並關注住宅空間次市場基本結構之差異,避免使消息面造成的過度預期成為主導市場的力量。 / There are numerous researches in stock markets and finance, but few in Taiwan newly construction and pre-sale housing markets. Using the Cathay Real Estate Index Quarterly Reports for the period 1996-2009 and applying Granger causality test, the thesis examines price and volume relationship in five metropolises (Taipei City, Taipei County, Taoyuan-Hsinchu, Taichung Metropolis and Tainan-Kaohsiung) in Taiwan. And with the concern of the differences of housing submarkets, the price and volume relationship is classified as intra-relationship and inter-relationship. The former is price and volume relationship in a certain metropolis, the later is the ripple effects of housing price or trading volume between metropolises. The result of intra-relationship shows that housing price Granger-cause the trading volume in Taipei city. That is, volume provides useful information to predict future price. And there is a long-run relationship in Tainan-Kaohsiung metropolis. From the aspect of inter-relationship, housing price changes first in Taipei City and Taipei County; trading volumes have mutual ripple effect between two neighboring metropolises. The results of the research are useful for housing market participants: We should keep an eye on the changes of trading volume. Also the structure of the submarket is fundamental to form the investment strategies.
2

影響不動產報酬波動性之總體經濟因素分析 / Macroeconomic factors attributing to the volatility of real estate returns

張曉慈, Chang, Hsiao Tzu Unknown Date (has links)
資產報酬的波動程度隱含風險與不確定性,不同的投資者存在不同之風險偏好與風險承受能力,因此瞭解報酬波動之特性有其必要性;又鑑於過去不動產市場對於商用與住宅不動產兩次市場之相關研究較欠缺。因此本研究擬分別探討商用與住宅不動產市場報酬波動特性與差異,並檢視其風險與報酬間之關係。此外,總體經濟環境之變動會影響不動產市場供需關係,進而影響其價格與報酬之波動,因此本研究最後再進一步討論影響其市場報酬之總體經濟因素。 為捕捉不動產市場報酬之波動特性,本研究擬透過GARCH模型分別檢驗商用與住宅不動產市場報酬波動特性與差異;進而應用GARCH-M模型,探討商用與住宅不動產市場報酬與風險之關係;最後透過落遲分配模型實證比較分析顯著影響商用與住宅不動產市場報酬之總體經濟因素。樣本取自台北地區,資料期間為1997年2月至2009年3月之月資料。 實證結果顯示,商用不動產市場中投資人較容易透過自身過去的報酬波動推測未來的波動,反觀住宅不動產市場部分,投資人則傾向注意整體市場消息的散佈,因為其較容易受到外在因素影響而導致報酬波動;由GARCH-M模型實證結果顯示,住宅與商用不動產市場報酬與風險間均呈現顯著正相關,顯示其市場波動風險增加時期,會提供更高之報酬以均衡投資者所面對之較高市場波動風險;由落遲分配模型實證結果顯示,商用與住宅不動產市場報酬確實和總經變數之間有著程度不同的關聯性,所有當期總經變數與不動產報酬間均不存在顯著影響關係,顯示各總經變數對不動產報酬的影響存在時間落差。此外,總經變數對商用報酬的影響程度相對大於對住宅報酬的影響,且總體經濟環境變動對於商用不動產市場報酬之衝擊相對較為迅速。 / This research plans to study the relative volatility characteristic of commercial and residential property returns. In addition, the changing real estate environment can be linked to the macro economy, so we further discusses the relationship between property returns and the macro economy. In order to catch the volatility characteristic of real estate returns, we use GARCH model to examine the volatile behavior of real estate returns of commercial and residential property in the Taipei area during the period of February 1997 to March 2009, and because risk is time-varying in the market, we continue to employ GARCH-M model to observe whether can explain the change in expected returns of commercial and residential property. Furthermore, we use distributed-lag model to explore the relationship between macroeconomic factors and real estate returns. The major findings of this article can be summarized as follows. First, it is easier for investors to infer the future fluctuation through oneself returns in the past in the commercial real estate market, but part on the residential real estate market, the volatility of residential property returns is influenced by external factor more easily. Second, our empirical applications in both commercial and residential real estate markets show that the risk is positively correlated with both property returns and high risk can bring high return. Third, there are different relations of intensity between real estate returns and macroeconomic factors and the impact of macroeconomic factors on real estate returns exist time-lag. In addition, macroeconomic factors’ impact on commercial returns is relatively great, and the environmental change takes place to the impact of the commercial property returns comparatively fast.
3

台灣房地產景氣循環之研究-生產時間落差、宣告效果、總體經濟之影響 / Real Estate Cycles in Taiwan -- The Influence of Construction Lags, Preannouance Effect, and Macroeconomic Variables

彭建文, Peng, Chien-Wen Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要依據國內房地產市場的特性,以生產時間落差、預期景氣與宣告效果、以及總體經濟等三個項目為主軸,針對房地產市場的景氣現象進行探討。首先,由生產階段的生產時間落差為出發點,探討房地產景氣與政府政策衝擊對生產時間落差的影響。再來,探討房地產次市場間的互動關係,瞭解預期景氣與宣告效果對不同房地產次市場景氣的影響。最後,探討總體經濟對房地產景氣的影響。在上述理念體系下,本研究進行各項理論的推演與實證分析,所得結論說明如下: 一、房地產景氣對生產時間影響部份 本文以建照面積與使照面積數量之波動關係,分析房地產景氣對生產時間落差之影響,結果發現使照面積與建照面積間存在穩定的長期關係,但建照可能因景氣不佳而取消,此使得長期建照面積大於使照面積,且建商會視房地產景氣的變動而調整興建速度。當房地產市場景氣時,興建速度較快,不景氣時興建速度較慢,使得生產時間落差會因房地產景氣變動而有所不同。另外,建照面積與使照面積間的關係亦會因政府相關政策的改變而產生衝擊,進而改變生產時間落差的長短。 由此觀之,國內房地產市場應較無預售制度的國家有較佳的市場調整機制,不過國內房地產景氣的波動卻依然劇烈,其原因可能在於政府決策與執行有相當長的時間落差,往往造成介入市場的時機不恰當,使得政府政策不但未能發揮反景氣循環的功能,反而成為助漲、助跌的促媒。另外,建築投資業缺乏健全管理亦是可能的原因之一,造成市場良莠不齊,在未經協調而彼此競爭下,往往錯誤評估個別預期銷售額而惡性競爭所造成。 二、預期景氣與宣告效果對房地產景氣影響部份 透過不同次市場的連結,本文發現當政府政策提前宣告時,將會有明顯的宣告效果產生,使得建商雖面對節節高昇的空屋率,依然大量搶建,但建照面積的增加則會促使房價與租金下跌。當前房地產市場的長期不景氣,政府未充分掌握房地產市場的景氣波動,並審慎評估政策的可能衝擊可說是問題的關鍵。此也意味,若政府日後真有必要再對房地產市場實施類似管制措施時,實應於事前進行謹慎的評估,並慎選實施的時機。 其次,市場參與者的預期在市場運作過程中扮演相當重要的角色,對於不同次市場景氣之影響亦不相同,當預期資本利得愈高時,會使房價上漲,但租金卻會減少,因為屋主願意以相對較低的租金將房屋出租,並由長期的資本利得中獲得補償,此可解釋為何國內長期租金與房價比長期偏低的現象。不過,近年來房地產市場面臨相當長時間的不景氣,加以921大地震對於國人傳統「有土斯有財」的理財觀念應有相當程度的衝擊,在預期資本利得相當微薄、甚至為負的情況下,未來租金可能回到較合理的水準。 三、總體經濟度房地產景氣之影響部份 本文檢視總體經濟變數對不同地區房地產景氣的影響,發現不論台北市或台北縣的預售屋房價與貨幣供給、空屋數、建照面積等變數均具有長期均衡關係存在,表示房地產景氣會因總體經濟變數與房地產市場本身供需變化而調整,但在考量結構變遷下,預售屋房價與建照面積間之關係已有所改變,意味未來在分析兩者間之關係時必須更加慎重。 其次,空屋數對於預售屋房價的影響彈性相對大於貨幣供給以及建照面積的影響,且相關變數對於台北市預售屋房價的影響相對大於台北縣,但台北縣預售屋房價消弭均衡誤差的速度較台北市為快,此乃因台北市住宅供給與需求彈性相對較小,當其他影響變數發生變動時,其預售屋房價受到的影響相對較大,故一旦偏離均衡時,必須花費較長的時間來調整。此結果亦顯示,要解決房地產市場長期的不景氣,從消化空餘屋著手最為有效。另外,不論台北市或台北縣預售屋房價與其他變數間的短期領先或落後關係並不明顯,此可能是因房地產市場自1986-1990年這一波房地產景氣後,已產生結構性變遷所造成。 / This dissertation consisted of three relative essays about real estate cycles. The first paper explores the influence of the real estate cycles on construction lags by analyzing the fluctuations of total floor areas of building permits and usage permits as a reflection of construction lags. Results support that a long-run equilibrium is existing between them; however, building permits may be dropped during a downswing market. In addition, the duration of construction lags is affected by changes in the real estate cycles and by the impacts of policies. During a time of strong market, the duration of construction lags is cut shorter and is extended when the market is depressed. The second paper presents a simultaneous equation to examine how expectation of market participants and preannouncement of zoning control influence real estate cycles through three housing submarkets: rental market, sales market, and new construction market. One interesting finding is that, before the government announced a change in its zoning policy, builders constructed at maximum capacity despite fact that the real estate market was already depressed. Such construction only worsens the real estate market condition and extends the duration of depressed period. Another interesting finding is that the expected real estate cycles have different effects on rent and housing price. Although high capital gain expectations drive up the housing price, rent continues to decrease. A high vacancy rate, although decreasing the housing price, has little influence on construction starts. The last paper examines the long-term relationships between real estate cycles and macroeconomic variables by using cointegration test and error correction model. I found that both housing price of Taipei City and Taipei County do have long-term relationships with money supply, vacant houses, and new construction, but when considering market structure change, the relationship between housing price and new construction will change. I also found that the vacant houses have more influence on housing price than that of money supply and new construction, and the influences of these three variables on housing price are more sensitive in Taipei City than Taipei County. These results reflect the market structure of Taipei City and Taipei County is different, and the importance to solve vacant houses problem. Another surprise finding is that short-term lead or lag relationships among these variables are not significant. One possible reason is the structure change of real estate market after 1990.
4

台北地區住宅租賃市場與自有市場替代性之研究

簡淨珍, Chien, Chin-Chen Unknown Date (has links)
根據傳統經濟供需理論,價格便宜相對會吸引需求上升,然而,以台灣住宅現象來看,相較沈重的房貸壓力,低廉的租金為何不能吸引租屋需求增加,反而自有住宅市場佔整體住宅市場八成高的比例?對於負擔能力可自由選擇租賃或購買住宅的家戶,似乎不管租金負擔較房貸負擔輕鬆的事實,大多偏好進入自有市場;而租屋者似乎只要負擔能力可及,就會轉入自有市場。這些現象背後是否隱含台灣住宅租賃市場與自有市場之間的替代程度不大? 實證結果顯示,民國72年,租賃住宅對自有房屋者之交叉彈性為0.04,而自有住宅對租屋者之交叉彈性為0.06。民國82年,租賃住宅對自有房屋者之交叉彈性為0.02,而自有住宅對租屋者之交叉彈性為0.07,交叉彈性皆很小。以同一年相比較,發現租賃住宅的交叉彈性較自有住宅為大,其可能由於租屋者視租賃為過渡時期,其最終仍想擁屋,所以租屋需求對房價的變動較為敏感;而擁屋者較少會有賣掉自有住宅轉入租賃市場的情形,所以其對租金的變動較不敏感。不同的房地產價格水準下(72、82年),自有者之交叉彈性變小而租屋者之交叉彈性增加。在住宅租賃市場與自有市場之相對購屋或租屋價格的變動下,住宅消費行為在兩個次市場之間的移轉情況可自替代程度中反應出來。

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