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外國民事裁判之承認 / The recognition of foriegn civil judgment唐敏寶, Tang, Min Pao Unknown Date (has links)
本論文有七章,含附錄共計五十餘萬字。第一章為緒論,內容為本論文之研究動機與目的、研究方法與範圍及本文架構,並將本文對於外國民事裁判之承認所採之基本原則–累積檢驗原則,先予以闡明。第二章為外國民事裁判之意義,內容為說明得被承認之外國民事判決之意義,並將非屬得被承認之外國民事裁判,一一加以排除。第三章為承認外國民事裁判之理由、理論基礎、制度及其審查主義,本章著重於說明承認外國民事裁判之理由為何?其承認之理論基礎何在?其承認制度及審查主義之類型為何?
本論文第四章為承認外國民事裁判之要件,係將就民事訴訟法第四百零二條所定承認外國民事裁判之四項要件:具有國際管轄權、缺席裁判已為訴訟通知、未違反公序良俗,及具有相互承認,逐一深入說明,及探討所衍生之相關爭議問題,及說明可據為外國民事非訟裁定規範之民事訴訟法第四百零二條第二項與非訟事件處理法第四十九條之體系關係為何。第五章為經承認之外國民事裁判之效力。主要討論經承認之外國民事裁判,在我國將可產生何種之效力,其性質為何,及決定外國民事裁判效力之準據法為何。本章將論述包含既判力、形成力、執行力及其他裁判效力在內之經承認之外國民事裁判之效力,亦將討論宣示許可外國民事裁判執行判決之性質為何,宣示許可執行外國民事裁判之要件,宣示許可外國民事裁判執行訴訟之當事人舉證責任與法院之職權探知權限,及經承認之外國非訟裁判之形成力與經宣示許可之執行力。第六章為外國民事裁判承認法制之比較與檢討。內容係就我國現行法制與外國之國內法、國際公約及歐盟之公約或規則,作一綜合性比較,再將本論文第二章至第五章所曾提及之我國現行法制之相關爭議、不足或缺失之處,逐一地加以檢討,並提出相關立法論建議。
最後,本論文第七章為結論,乃就本論文所為之說明與探討,作以扼要之總結論述,並根據本論文之研究結果,提出我國外國民事裁判之承認之立法論建議之具體條文。
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大理院民事判決法源之研究(1912-1928) / A study on the source of civil law during early republican China (1912-1928)黃聖棻, Huang, Sheng-Fen Unknown Date (has links)
本文目的乃是欲從大理院之民事判決例中,嘗試去探究大理院的民事法源,去了解大理院所建立的民事法規範的淵源到底是從何而來?其審判究竟根據什麼樣的法源?大理院對這些法源的態度為何?法源衝突時,規範的效力問題又該如何解決?根據本文考察,大理院之民事法源,在成文法方面,除了約法之外,主要依照《大清現行律》民事有效部分作為其審判依據,在運用層面上導入了歐陸法學概念用來解釋《大清現行律》,促使中西法律文化的融合。此外,前清其它有效法律與民國時期民事特別立法也都被大理院以之為法源。關於條約,大理院則認為其具有法源地位,得直接適用而不需再經由國內立法程序。至於大清民律草案,在民國初年並非有效的成文法律,大理院將其定性為「條理」而加以適用,但是在適用上的判語則相當岐異,為其弊端。同時,大理院時期已經能運用外國立法例與一般法律原則來加強判決理由與調整當事人利益的分配。當然,大理院處於新舊交融的時代,一些傳統義理道德的觀念仍在大理院判例中找得著其痕跡。而對於判例,大理院則是承認其法源性,具有法規範效力,並且對其相當重視,形成獨特的地位,兼具羅馬法系與普通法系的特徵。 / This study is try to find the source of civil law during early republican china(1912-1928), and to apprehend how these kinds of source of civil law be shaped by the judges on the civil adjudications of Dali Yuan(Supreme Court). Besides, the focus is also on what these sources of law are and how Dali Yuan resolve the issue while these sources conflict.
First, the statutory sources of civil law include the provisional constitution, treaties, Ching Empire Current Penal Code, and some civil regulations. Ching Empire Current Penal Code is the most important legal basis on the trial. Dali Yuan uses European legal concepts to interpret Ching Empire Current Penal Code and this give Penal Code a new life. Besides, Dali Yuan considers the treaty could be directly applied and not need to be by the way of internal legislative process.
In this period, Civil Code Draft is still not valid, so that Dali Yuan takes Draft as principle of law to be applied. Moreover, foreign statutes sometimes can be found in the judgment to strengthen the reason. Of course, on the era of variance, sometimes traditional idea still exists in the judge mind.
The precedent play an important role before the Civil Code is put in force. The precedents of Dali Yuan can be considered as source of law. The legal system during this period can be called the amalgamation of Roman law and common law.
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