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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

我國維護海上安全能量之研究 / Maintains research of the marine security energy in Taiwan

劉志慶 Unknown Date (has links)
進入全球化的21世紀,對於海上安全議題,個別國家已經無法獨自處理。海上安全議題所牽涉的範圍相當廣泛,尤其是必須面對傳統的與非傳統安全所交織而成的威脅,而這些威脅將對國家安全產生重大影響,因為海洋環境的安全,關係到世界各國的生存發展,如果海洋受到威脅,將對世界政治與經濟安全產生強烈衝擊,並嚴重危害人類社會秩序與穩定。 自1982年聯合國《海洋法公約》公布後,各沿海國家紛紛競逐海洋領土,引發區域內利益衝突,我國為一海洋國家,生存發展必須仰賴海上,當然也受到衝擊,舉凡海洋領土、海上交通、貿易、能源礦藏、漁業資源保育、環境保護等事項,均受到各國海權擴張的影響,囿於我國政治地位及地理環境的特殊性,周邊國家均不願正視我國的存在事實,加上專屬經濟海域與各國嚴重重疊因素,至今無法循正常外交管道協議劃界,進而衍生 “海洋領土爭議”、“漁權爭端”、“海域資源開發與探勘”及“海上犯罪”等影響我國家安全之問題。 目前各國在處理海洋爭端時,用和平與對話的方式是當今現代國家最高指導原則,但其核心仍然離不開海洋控制,所以發展強大的海上武裝力量仍將是實現海權必要步驟和標誌。但是,若動用海軍來處理海上非軍事面向的衝突時,將可能引發戰爭。因此,若要維護國家海權伸張以及降低軍事衝突的可能性,擁有一支足以擔負起海上安全任務、確保國家利益卻又不帶軍事色彩的海域執法機關是不可或缺的,惟有建構強大海上執法實力,我國海上安全與海洋權益才能獲得確保。本論文從中共、韓國、日本、菲律賓與越南等周邊國家,比較我國與各國在海洋事務之推展及海上執法機關能量之現況,發掘問題、分析檢討不足之處,進而提出符合我國國家安全與區域海上安全的對策。 / Maritime security is beyond the ability of each individual country in an era of globalization in 21st century as it involves extensive scope of topics especially for traditional and non-traditional threats they need to face, in which these threats will cause major impact on the national safety as the safety of marine environment is associated with survival and development of various countries in the world, there will be strong impact on the global politics, economy and safety and will severely endanger social order and stability of human beings once the ocean is being threatened. Since “Oceans and Law of the Sea”was announced by the United Nations in 1982, the various coastal countries have been competing for the marine territory and caused conflict of interests within the region, Taiwan is a marine country which relies on the sea for its survival and development and will by all means be affected. Those which are associated with marine territory, marine traffic, trade, energy & mineral resources, fishery resources care, environmental protection matters will be all affected by sea power expansion of various countries. Due to the particularity of our political status and geography, the peripheral countries all ignore the existence of Taiwan, and also, the territorial sea of Taiwan is overlapping with various countries, have led to unavailability of marking off the territory through normal diplomatic channels and further caused “sovereignty of marine territory dispute”, “fishing right dispute”, “resource development & investigation of territorial sea” and “cross-border” crime at sea and other issues that will affect our national security. Currently, the various countries follow principles of peace and conversation when dealing with maritime disputes and mainly stay with maritime control; therefore, developing strong marine force is necessary step to take and a symbol to realize sea power. However, it may cause war if using the navy to handle the non-military conflict at sea, therefore, it is indispensable to have a maritime law enforcement authority that is capability of taking the responsibility of maritime security, ensuring national interest without military influence if you’d like to protect the expansion of sea power of a nation and minimize the military conflict. Only having strong capability in maritime law enforcement will ensure maritime security and marine benefits of Taiwan, in which this paper proceeds comparisons of PRC, Korea, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam and other peripheral countries with Taiwan in terms of promotion of marine affairs and current situation of marine law enforcement authorities so as to discover problems, analyze shortcomings, and to further propose countermeasures that comply with our national security and regional maritime security.
2

中共國家海洋局建制對我國釣魚臺海域政策之影響 / The Impact of Reorganization of State Oceanic Administration People's Republic of China on Taiwan's Marine Policy of Diao-Yu-Tai Islands

杜品樺 Unknown Date (has links)
釣魚臺列嶼爭端是影響東海區域和平穩定的主要因素,該海域除蘊藏豐富生物及非生物資源外,更因其具有重大的地緣戰略利益,對亞太區域安全有深遠之影響。惟歷經歷史時局的演變,主權歸屬問題涉及中共、日本與臺灣等國,基於特殊歷史背景與國際間一中政策制約,使我國僅有海洋國家之名,同時影響我對於上述島嶼之主權主張。 中共挾著新崛起的大國氣勢,明確提出「海洋強國」之戰略目標,透過整合內部海上執法機關,展現維護國家海洋權益之決心,進而鞏固和擴大海洋維權成果。然囿於其海域被島鏈封鎖,戰略迴旋空間有限,為實踐其海洋戰略利益,面對周遭潛在的軍事威脅和海洋爭端,中共目前正積極拓展海上力量。臺灣應如何突破外交困境,並於維護國家尊嚴與人民福祉之間,尋求解決釣魚臺海域爭端之最佳途徑,作為在現今國際劣勢下,發展國家海洋戰略事務之借鏡,以達知彼知己,百戰不殆之效。 海上安全儼然已成為全球化新興環境的核心議題,在面對中共積極強化東海經營管理策略及戰略部署的同時,我國更應該思考如何強化海洋政策作為,藉此與世界接軌,構建與各大國間的等距平衡交往戰略,從中獲得外交自主性,以確保國家最大利益。 / The territorial disputes of Diao-Yu-Tai Islands are the decisive factors to the stability of the East China Sea (ECS). ECS has not only rich living and non-living resources, but also profound effects on the security of Asia-Pacific area due to the significant geo-strategic interests thereof. According to the evolution of historical events, the Islands’ sovereignty disputes among the neighboring countries of China, Japan and Taiwan. Based on the special historic background and constraints of the international realism of one China policy, Taiwan is merely a marine country and has a difficulty to claim the sovereignty right of the Islands. China, the rising power, specifically set out the strategy of establishing itself as a “marine power” by integrating the internal maritime law enforcement agencies to demonstrate the determination of maintaining its maritime rights and interests so as to consolidate and expand the outcome of safeguarded rights. However, blocked by the Island chain of Asian Pacific that leads to insufficient defense and response space, China actively reinforces the maritime power to fulfill its ocean strategic interests and manage the potential military threats and maritime disputes. Taiwan shall break through the diplomatic bottleneck to seek for the best solution on the disputes of the Diao-Yu-Tai Islands to assert the national rights and people welfare under the international adverse situation. The maritime security is the core issue of the Globalization development. Facing to the strengthened stewardship strategy and military arrangement in the ECS of China, Taiwan should think over the marine policy to synchronize with the world and seek for the balance among the neighboring countries. As a result, it is beneficial for Taiwan to win the independent authority in diplomacy to ensure national best interests.
3

台海兩岸建立軍事互信機制之研究 / A Study of Establishing Military Confidence Building Measures Across the Taiwan Strait

許舜南, Hsu, Shun-Nan Unknown Date (has links)
身為一位學習「戰略及國際安全」並從事「野戰戰略」與「中外戰史」研究與教育的軍人,深知唯有堅實的國防武力,才能在中共不放棄以武力解決台灣問題的文攻武嚇下,以「勝兵先勝」之作為,來達到「止戰而不懼戰,備戰而不求戰」,確保「有效嚇阻、防衛固守」戰略構想之達成,然基於深切體認到「兵凶戰危」,不忍國人與大陸之對立紛爭而引發戰火,導致同胞「生靈塗炭」。自當從「避免戰爭」、「防止戰爭」等戰略及國際安全之考量,研究「台海兩岸建立軍事互信機制」,藉由國際間已實施多年的「信心建立措施」(Confidence-Building Measures,以下簡稱CBMs),期能喚起台海兩岸之領導人,本著同根同源,藉展現誠意、溝通、協商、交流,進而建立互信,以降低兩岸緊張情勢,避免因誤判而引發衝突,進而導致戰爭發生。 「信心建立措施」的主要概念,在於透過資訊交換與交流,增加彼此的瞭解,避免雙方因對彼此軍事意圖的誤解,而導致擦槍走火,引發衝突與戰爭。並希望透過「軍事互信機制」等交往原則的確立、軍事行動的規範,以及檢證措施的運用,建立台海兩岸彼此信任之關係,以達到避免戰爭、防止戰爭,確維台海兩岸安全與永久和平之目標。 本論文「台海兩岸建立軍事互信機制之研究」,其主要的理論基礎是參考國際間已施行多年的「信心建立措施」(CBMs),該措施見諸於1975年「赫爾辛基會議」(Helsinki Conference)的「最終議定書」(Final Act)。而在歐洲中立及不結盟國家提議下,至1986年「斯德哥爾摩會議文件」(Document of the Stockholm Conference),第二代的「信心建立措施」被歐洲各國改稱為「信心暨安全建立措施」(Confidence and Security-Building Measures, 以下簡稱CSBMs )。一般而言,後者較前者更強調軍事意涵的重要性及查證措施的使用,也意味脫離前者的萌芽階段,進入較繁複、具體、強制發展的階段。除歐洲與亞太地區外,非洲、拉丁美洲、中東地區都有相關類似的安排。1991年,南北韓所簽訂的「和解、互不侵犯及交流合作協議」與「朝鮮半島非核聯合宣言」,中共、俄羅斯及其他三個中亞國家於1996年4月26日所簽訂的「關於邊境地區加強軍事領域信任的協定」,均屬於「信心暨安全建立措施」。冷戰結束後成立的「東協區域論壇」及「亞太安全合作理事會」所倡導的安全對話,也是「信心建立措施」的一環。 台海兩岸建立軍事互信機制可採用「信心建立措施」(CBMs)各類作法,即(一)宣示性措施(declaratory measures)、(二)透明性措施(transparency measures)、(三)溝通性措施(communication measures)、(四)海上安全救援措施(maritime measures)、(五)限制性措施(constraint measures)、(六)查(檢)證性措施(verification measures)…等,並參考國際間建立互信之成功案例,區分目前已在執行的公布「國防報告書」、宣布「軍事演習之種類、範圍、時間、地點」、遂行「海上救難行動」、建立「海峽中線共識」…等,並配合國統綱領的進程,再分為近、中、遠程軍事互信作為,逐步建立台海兩岸軍事互信,降低緊張,化解衝突,以避免導發台海間之戰爭,共創台海兩岸中國人之雙嬴。 當前台海兩岸之紛爭,乃導因於雙方領導人及政府之互信不足,故在推動台海兩岸互信機制時,初期階段,須由單方面展現誠意、培養互信,在時機及條件成熟後,則雙方展現誠意、建立互信,當然我方應審慎規劃,並時時觀察,若中共仍抱持傲慢心態,未能遵守相關協定,必要時可以停止各項交流,以免單方面對中共做出過多的讓步,以確保我國家安全與利益。 從研究中可以深切體會,台海兩岸維持和平與穩定,是台海兩岸中國人的共同期盼,也唯有「台海兩岸建立軍事互信機制」,才能避免雙方因誤解、衝突,而刺激中共以武力犯台,或引爆戰爭。故僅提出具體建議,供決策單位及後續研究此一問題者參考: 壹、台海兩岸不可輕啟戰端。 貳、推動兩岸間制度化互信機制。 參、藉助國際友人加強多邊協商促進兩岸交流。 肆、審慎擬定建立軍事互信措施之優先順序。 伍、推動兩岸建立軍事互信立法逐步執行。 陸、賡續研究集思廣益尋求兩岸雙贏策略。 台海兩岸建立軍事互信機制,雖然還有相當多的困難與窒礙,但相信只要台海兩岸領導人有決心,必可早日達成兩德統一與兩韓和解的光明坦途,這也是台海兩岸中國人所衷心期盼的抉擇,但願不久的將來,台海兩岸的中國人,均可走出免於戰爭與殺戮之夢魘,進而同享自由、民主與均富的和平幸福生活,共創台海兩岸的繁榮與發展。

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