京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第21529号 / 経博第597号 / 新制||経||289(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 岡田 知弘, 教授 久野 秀二, 教授 諸富 徹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DGAM

第一章緒論：一般說明介紹、研究目的、研究方法及研究步驟，與相關文獻之評述。 第二章農漁牧綜合經營之概況：陳述綜合經營方式之特有效能、台灣地區綜合經營推 行概況，以及樣本農戶數合經營基本因素之說明。 第三章綜合經營農場經濟效率分析之理論基礎：說明經濟效率之概念，本文研究方法 Ｃ─Ｄ生產函數之選擇，以及實證上之問題與迴避解決方法。 第四章綜合經營農場經濟效率分析：就型態別與業務別之農場經濟效率作詳細分析， 尋求不合理生產之原因與問題所在。 第五章結論：就前述分析作摘要、結論與進一步之研究方向。

本文主要是以討論日治時代臺灣水產業的發展與轉變為主軸，透貫時性視角切入，從史前文化考古遺跡討論開始，進至荷西入據前、荷西時期、鄭氏王國、清領時期，再到討論的核心—日治時代。 本文從帝國整體水產業發展切入觀察、相互比對，殖民地臺灣在此日本統治時期的水產業如何發展、因應及調整。首先，透過清代志書與日治初期的水產基礎調查，彙整同時相互比對，釐清何以清代志書中水餉漁課何以變動不大的原因並試圖重建清末治日治初期臺灣漁業發展圖像。 其次，透過時序的劃分，分別從1895-1920年代、1920-1930年代、1930-1937、1937-1945等四個時軸線切入觀察、分析，藉由1895-1920年代，日本領臺前及領臺後，帝國本身水產業的改良轉型與政策方向調整，漁業制度等各項基礎整備建立，來觀察對照殖民地臺灣水產業如何因應與整備，尤其漁業制度法規的建立及水產改良、行政確立、獎勵等，是臺灣與帝國水產業接軌的重要指標。 再者，透過1920-1930年代，日本帝國遠洋漁業發展戰略調整的討論，尤其是1897年遠洋漁業獎勵法的頒布實行開始，帝國擬定策略就是驅逐歐美遠洋漁獵勢力，積極獎勵扶植發展遠洋新式拖網漁業，促使其快速發展之結果，就是產生嚴重對立與利益衝突，進而發生與中國嚴重的漁事外交衝突，迫使帝國日本不得不再度修訂調整戰略，配合殖民臺灣在「南支南洋」調查的基礎，開始往南方發展移動。而1930-1945，是帝國擴張主義下，生存與生命線維繫，極其關鍵重要的時期，從準戰時階段，進入戰時體制，帝國與臺灣密集展開「南支南洋」水產調查，從而發展出以「南支、外南洋」拖網、機船底曳網為主，及以「內南洋」鮪旗延繩漁業為主，兩大「帝國生命線」遠洋漁業發展軸線。

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第24249号 / 人博第1054号 / 新制||人||247(附属図書館) / 2022||人博||1054(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生文明学専攻 / (主査)教授 太田 出, 准教授 津守 陽, 准教授 小野寺 史郎, 准教授 佐々木 貴文 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

台灣養殖漁業自1970年代起，進入快速成長時期，而在1980年代為台灣養殖漁業全盛時期，造就台灣成為「養蝦王國」、「養殖王國」揚名國際之美名，也為台灣沿海農漁村地區開拓新的漁業契機，而讓農漁民累積不少財富，故當時養殖漁業儼然成為台灣農業結構上重要之一環，對繁榮沿海農村經濟，安定農村社會，極具貢獻。 然而，諷刺的是，1980年代卻也是台灣耕地轉供養殖池之情況快速蔓延的時代，形成台灣沿海逐漸形成養殖區域性發展，卻也因為養殖漁業對於水土資源超限使用下，而超抽地下水而引起地層下陷及地下水體汙染等永世災難及耕地轉供養殖池諸多問題產生，導致環境不永續之後果，值得謀求解決之道。 本研究以質化研究中之個案研究法，以永續發展理念為基礎，運用文獻分析法及深度訪談法交互分析。先探討台灣養殖漁業管理及養殖漁業用地管理制度之演進及衍生出問題；再以宜蘭縣五結鄉季新村、錦眾村個案研究地區，深入探討台灣及宜蘭養殖漁業發展牽動五結鄉養殖區範圍擴散之可能原因及其影響，並就其耕地轉供養殖池之產業營運、違規使用、養殖環境轉變、養殖池棄養等不永續利用問題予以分析，最後提出「台灣養殖漁業與其用地管理制度改進策略」及「五結鄉養殖漁業與用地管理策略」。 經由研究發現，台灣超抽地下水及地層下陷問題最為嚴重之縣市，申請經營養殖漁業竟不需審核地下水之合法用水資格，而經個案地區研究也發現台灣及宜蘭養殖漁業發展牽動五結鄉耕地轉供養殖池之擴散，而經耕地轉供養殖池後，在養殖漁業沒落後，欲將棄養養殖池回復耕作環境困難重重，當地逐漸形成一片荒涼景象。 最後建議政府漁業單位應設計優良養殖環境之制度，即應先規劃養殖生產區並『主動』興建完成養殖專用之進水（海水、地下水）、排水之共同管線系統等相關養殖公共設施，並劃為非都市土地使用分區「養殖漁業生產區」（建議新增非都市土地使用分區），而該分區內之養殖池，有別於一般農地申請做養殖池，不應依據相同之法令規範，應放寬該養殖生產區內養殖池就地合法或是簡易申請程序以方便並快速取得合法養殖之資格，以有效管理養殖漁業減少違規使用情形發生及促進養殖漁業朝向永續發展方向邁進，並促進水土資源永續性利用。另建議政府漁業單位經全面性可行性評估後，認為不適合繼續養殖之地區應投入資源積極輔導該地區轉型，協助並引導該地區轉供較為永續利用之方向（如生態旅遊等）。 / Since 1970's the aquaculture develops rapidly in Taiwan, and becomes pre-vailing as the golden age of the aquaculture fishery in the 1980's. At that time Taiwan is well known of the kingdom of shrimp and aquaculture fishery in the world, and fishermen and farmers near the coast areas gain a new chance of incomes, so aquaculture fishery has become a very important chain of Taiwan's agriculture. It also has great contribution to flourishing village's economy and society stabilization. However, ironically, in 1980's many farms become aquaculture ponds quickly, that result in regional development of aquaculture fishery along the coast of Taiwan gradually, but overuse the resource of water and soil. Tapping groundwater inappropriately causes terrible disaster which lead to land subsi-dence and contamination of groundwater. The conversion of farms to aquacul-ture ponds cause many problems, that leads to environment being not sustaina-ble. There is an urgent need to find out relevant solutions. This research is based on two cases study the ideas of sustainable develop-ment.We adopt the modes of literature review and analysis, and depth interview. Firstly, we inquire into management system of the aquaculture industry and aq-uacultural land and the regarding problems. Secondly, we select the areas of Ji-sin village and Jin-jhong villege in Wujie Township Yilan County , in order to thoroughly inquire into possible reasons and influences that how aquaculture development in Yilan County and Wujie Township lead to the spreading of the areas for aquaculture production zone.Thirdly, we analyse problems of being not sustainable use of resources, such as the operation of the aquaculture pond, violating the rules of farmland use, changes of the cultivation environment, dis-card of aquaculture pond etc. Lastly, we put forth improvement strategies of aquaculture and its land management system both in Wujie Township and Tai-wan. Through the research, we find in counties with the most serious problems of tapping groundwater inappropriately and land subsidence in Taiwan, the gov-ernment doesn't need to examine the legality qualifications of the groundwater use when people apply for aquaculture fishery.We also find that aquaculture development in Yilan and Taiwan result in farmland conversion into aquaculture pond in the areas of Wujie Township . Because it is very difficult to make dis-carding aquaculture pond return to farmland, the region becomes a slice of desolate prospects gradually when the aquaculture decline. Finally, we suggest the Fishery Bureau of Government should design better institution for aquaculture environment. That is, they should plan for aquaculture production zone first and build public facilities of aquaculture fishery, such as the common pipeline system of using sea and groundwater for aquaculture fishery .The government should review the classification of non-urban land usage since the attributes of aquaculture ponds in "Aquaculture Production Zone" are different from others. In order to manage aquaculture fishery effec-tively, we also give some suggestions concerning decrease the occurrence of violating the rules, promoting the aquaculture fishery moving forward to sus-tainable development, and improving the sustainable use of water and soil re-source. We think to simplify application procedure of getting legal qualifications for aquaculture fishery may is not the best way but is an easy way to solve problems currently. Another suggestion is that after comprehensive feasibility evaluations, the Fishery Bureau of Government should actively invest adminis-tration resource to help areas that are not suitable for being use of aquaculture pond transferring to sustainable use, such as ecotourism etc.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第12972号 / 論農博第2822号 / 新制||農||1037(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H28||N4954(農学部図書室) / 32410 / 新制||農||1037 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科生物資源経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 福井 清一, 教授 小田 滋晃, 教授 栗山 浩一 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第22226号 / 経博第614号 / 新制||経||293(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 田中 彰, 教授 黒澤 隆文, 教授 塩地 洋 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DGAM

2005年「大西洋鮪類資源保育委員會」(International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, ICCAT)第十九屆年會將台灣2006年在大西洋大目鮪(Bigeye Tuna)的漁獲配額自14,900公噸削減為4,600公噸的決定，即05-02號建議(Recommendation by ICCAT Regarding Control of Chinese Taipei’s Atlantic Bigeye Tuna Fishery [05-02] in 2005)，除反應出漁業資源日益稀少和各國竸爭激烈的事實外，也顯示了國人海洋漁業生態保育的觀念有待加強。 / 本論文乃以ICCAT 05-02號建議作為個案研究，對高度洄游魚類種群(highly migratory species)之養護與管理體系為一整體檢視，探討該號建議所呈現之生態保育問題。內容側重於法規範面之探討，並就高度洄游魚類種群之定義、生態習性、種類、及資源使用狀況為一基本介紹。主要探討三大議題：(1)國際規範體系架構；(2)養護與管理高度洄游魚類之現況；(3)當前面臨之問題與挑戰。 / 全球海洋資源面臨的人為挑戰模式均同，本文焦點雖在高度洄游魚類種群之探討，但也反應出其他種類漁資源在保育上所面臨的共同問題，只不過因高度洄游魚類生態上的特殊性，使其整體養護與管理過程更能突顯出國際漁業治理的本質─國際合作的必要性。但若從另一角度分析漁業管理制度發生改變的原因，則將突顯出國際漁業治理的另一項本質，即國家利益的追求，事實上這也是所有國際活動的基本特徵。因此，以專業性的角度來分析區域漁業組織運作的同時，不能忽略國際政治因素的牽絆，國家漁業經濟利益透過國際政治上的實力對比在區域漁業組織的運作過程中彰顯出來。 / 本論文章節安排分為六章，首先概略介紹「高度洄游魚類」之意義、特性及資源使用狀態(第一章)，爾後簡介現行有關高度洄游魚類之國際規範體系(第二章)，接著以ICCAT為案例，使讀者明白當前國際間透過區域漁業組織來施行漁資源管理的實際運作情形(第三章)，透過05-02號建議讓讀者了解區域漁業組織如何敦促成員國遵守區域漁業規範，落實其養護與管理高度洄游魚類之國際任務(第四章)，並探討ICCAT05-02號建議所反應出來的制度面或執行面之問題(第五章)。最後綜合各章節內容，針對高度洄游魚類之整體規範體系架構為一觀察反省，歸結出本議題核心所在，即追求國家利益前提下的國際合作(第六章)。 / 國際間對於高度洄游魚類種群的保育工程已然啟動，國家願意讓渡出更多一些的權力由國際專門性機構來主導，並在一定規範架構下進行國際合作，這是值得肯定的發展趨勢，並可觀樂期待國際間對於生態環境議題將給予更多的關注，落實資源永續經營的理念。 / On 19th regular meeting of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), the commission decided to cut down Taiwan’s quota of Bigeye tuna in Atlantic Ocean form 14,900 tonnage to 4,900, that is Recommendation by ICCAT Regarding Control of Chinese Taipei’s Atlantic Bigeye Tuna Fishery [05-02] in 2005. This case reflects the fact that fishery resource is coming shorter and States compete harshly. It shows that our concept of conservation ecology leaves much space to improve as well. / This thesis is a case study based on Recommendation 05-02 by ICCAT. Here try to inspect thoroughly the conservation and management system of highly migratory species, so as to discuss the problems of eco-conservation reflecting from that Recommendation. Contexts focus on the regulation aspect, and briefly introduce the definition, ecologic habitual behavior, kinds, and condition of resource consumption of highly migratory species. The three main topics to discuss are: (1) international regulation framework; (2) current status of conservation and management of highly migratory species; (3) the problems and challenges confront with nowadays. / The challenges to ocean resource caused by human activity are all the same. This thesis is about highly migratory species, but also reflects the common problem of other fish species in ecological protection respect. Merely because of the ecological particularity, the whole process of conservation and management of highly migratory species could better show the key ingredient of international fishery governance, which is international cooperation. From the other angle, the change of fishery management system mirrors the nature of international fishery management, that is pursuing of national interest. Actually, the later is fundamental character of all kinds of international interaction. Therefore, when analyzing the function of regional fishery organization, we could not ignore the international political fact. National economic fishery interest manifests through relative international political power in fishery management organizations. / There are six chapters in this thesis. First, to take a quick glance at what “highly migratory species” is and its character and resource status (chapter 1). And then turn to the introduction of current international regulation system of highly migratory species (chapter 2). Following is a case study based on ICCAT, to inform readers how Regional Fishery Organizations function actually (chapter 3). Through Recommendation 05-02 by ICCAT, we could take a look how Regional Fishery Organizations urge States to meet their commission of conserving and managing highly migratory species (chapter 4). And then go to a discussion of institutional and enforcement problems reflect from Recommendation 05-02 by ICCAT (chapter 5). Finally, we take a entirely observation and introspection from the foregoing chapters, and then sum up the core of the international fishery issue, that is international cooperation with a prerequisite of chasing national interest(chapter 6). / The international conservation of highly migratory species has set out. States are willing to transfer more competence to specialized institution and undertake international cooperation under a certain regulatory framework. This situation deserves much applause. We could look forward that international society would pay more attention to environmental ecological issues to carrying out the idea of sustainable development and management of ocean resource.