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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
251

運用財務比率於證券投資之研究-貝式類神經網路之運用

章定煊, Zhang, Ding Xuan Unknown Date (has links)
隨著證券市場規模不斷擴大,投資人越來越難以選擇投資標的,電腦之超強計算能力,應可幫助投資人進行證券投資。但傳統之電腦處理方式難以適應迅息萬變之外在環境,若一模式能自我學習、自我調整,如同人一般學習,再輔以其快速的資料處理能力,應能幫助投資人進行投資。類神經網路(Neural Network),被稱為「第六代電腦」,即具有自我學習調整能力。   本研究使用貝氏(Bayesian)類神經網路,其屬於非監督式類神經網路,具有學習時間短、理論健全之機率型(Probability)類神經網路。理論上,盈餘影響公司未來成長及股利,進而反應於其股價。而盈餘又是一公司各項決策之經營成果,經營決策將顯示於各項財務數字及比率。故我們以財務比率訓練其掌握該企業明年度盈餘成長或衰退之類神經網路,進而以該預測結果運用於擬證券投資以觀察其有用性。   實證研究結果顯示,若訓練樣本中包含大多偏差值(Outliner),則將破壞網路之機率分配,使網路無法架構。去除偏差值後,再進行網路訓練,則有約百分之七十的預測未來盈餘走向正確率,若訓練樣本再去除灰色地帶(Gray Aera)之樣本,即盈餘處於不成長不衰退之間的樣本,正確率可再稍微提升。模擬投資結果顯示運用貝氏類神經網路於證券投資所獲得之超額報酬率,高於銀行業最高定期存款報酬率,顯示本研究模式應有可取之處。
252

非線型時間序列之穩健預測 / Robust Forecasting For Nonlinear Time Series

劉勇杉, Liu, Yung Shan Unknown Date (has links)
由於時間序列在不同範疇的廣泛應用,許多實證結果已明白指出時間序列 資料普遍地存在非線性(nonlinearity),使得非線型方法在最近幾年受到 極大的重視。然而,對於某些特定的非線型模式,縱然現在已有學者提出 模式選取之檢定方法,但是它們的模式階數確認問題至今卻仍無法有效率 地解決,更遑論得到最佳的模式配適與預測結果了。所以,我們試圖利用 一已於其他科學領域成功應用之新技術──神經網路,來解決非線型時間 序列之預測問題,而我們之所以利用神經網路的原因是其多層前輸網路是 泛函數的近似器(functional approximator),對任意函數均有極佳之逼 近能力,使我們免除對時間序列資料之屬性(線性或非線性)作事先檢定或 假設的必要。在本篇論文中,我們首先建構15組雙線型時間序列資料,然 後對於這些數據分別以神經網路與自我迴歸整合移動平均(ARIMA) 模式配 適。藉著比較兩者間的配適與預測結果,我們發現神經網路對於預測非線 型時間序列是較具有穩健性。最後,我們以台幣對美元之即期匯率作為我 們的實證資料,結果亦證實了神經網路對於預測一般經濟時間序列亦較具 穩健性。 / With rapid development at the study of time series, the nonlinear approaches have attracted great attention in recent years. However, there are no efficient processes for the problem of identification to many specifically nonlinear models . Even if many testing methods have been proposed, we still can not find the best fitted model and obtain the best forecast performance. Hence, we try to solve the forecast problems by a new technique -- neurocomputing, which has been successfully applied in many scientific fields. The reason why we apply the neural networks is that the multilayer feedforward networks are functional approximators for the unknown function. In this paper, we will first construct several sets of bilinear time series and then fit these series by neural networks and ARIMA models. In this simulation study, we have found that the neural networks perform the robust forecast for some nonlinear time series. Finally, forecasting performance with favorable models will also be compared through the empirical realization of Taiwan.
253

動態徑向基底函數網路與混沌預測 / Dynamical Radial Basis Function Networks and Chaotic Forecasting

蔡炎龍, Tsai, Yen Lung Unknown Date (has links)
在許多的研究和應用之中都需要預測的技巧。本論文中, 我們建構了一個 新的神經網路模式--動態徑向基底函數 (dynamical radial basis function) 網路 (DRBF網路) , 並且用這種模式的神經網路作為「函數近 似子」(function approximator) 去處理預測上的問題。另外我們也設計 幾種不同的學習演算法以測試DRBF網路的功能。 / The forecasting technique is important for many researches and applications. In this paper, we shall construct a new model of neural networks -- the dynamical radial basis function (DRBF) networks and use the DRBF networks as "function approximators" to solve some forecasting problems. Different learning algorithms are used to test the capability of DRBF networks.
254

王白淵的文化活動與精神歷程 / The cultural activities and mental world of Wang, Bai-yuan

蘇雅楨, Su,Ya Chen Unknown Date (has links)
本論文試圖結合兩個層次的精神史(History of Mentalities)研究取徑-傾向個體層次的與傾向集體層次的精神史研究-來理解並建構王白淵的精神世界所體現的雙重結構:藝術心態與啟蒙心態。 本論文主要探討他一生中在三個都市與二個世代間身份流動的軌跡,戰前與戰後之間藝術心態與啟蒙心態的消長;並從他的作品,理解其美學觀點如何展現,藉以釐清其詩文的風格與核心關懷。王白淵的這些特質與經驗都可能影響各時期他對身份的抉擇,與對身份的認同。 一九二三年,王白淵因為藝術心態的茁壯而前往東京留學,在二O年代中期,受到影響而轉變,主要是產生啟蒙心態,並開始創作小說與詩文。啟蒙心態與藝術心態的並存,使他開始思考臺灣的問題。啟蒙的心態促使他走上文學之途。表現在他的散文與小說之中,是追求殖民地解放與自由;愛好藝術的心態令他始終未把畫筆拋去,表現在他的藝術理念上,是追求臺灣文藝的更上一層樓。而就在他意識到臺灣文藝的貧困之時,他出版詩文集《蕀の道》並開始與留學東京的學生與文化人共創「臺灣藝術研究會」,為臺灣的文藝而奮鬥。而王白淵的啟蒙心態在戰後初期的重現,使他投入媒體政治,創辦並參與多種左翼報刊,理性地提出對政府的建言與熱切的批評。戰後二.二八事件的影響下使他逐漸消音,然而卻仍持續關注臺灣文藝的發展。作為一個知識份子,王白淵始終關切臺灣的問題,並以文藝作為一條道路,他是日治時期朝向臺灣藝術文學發展的先驅,與為臺灣社會自由的目標而努力的一個典型。藉由他的例子,得以窺見日治時期文藝創作者在殖民情境下創作的「共同困境」,與理解其受到歷史事件影響下的身份抉擇與心態結構的多樣化與變遷。 / The thesis attempts to reconstruct the mental world of Wang Bai-yuan, represented as a dual artistic/enlightening mental structure, through the approach of the history of mentalities of both individual and collective levels. The thesis mainly examines Wang Bai-yuan’s mobile traces of identity among three cities in East Asia and related issues between two generations that he belonged, the rise and fall of his dual structure of mental world from prewar to postwar periods. In addition, the thesis explores his writing aesthetics through examining his works. Wang’s artistic-dimension mental structure was under forming around 1923 at a time when he went to Tokyo for the study of painting. In the mid-1920s, however, the enlightening-dimension of his mental world became dominant, which led him to start his writings of poetry and novel. The formation of the dual structure of his mental world around then led him to think over issues of colonized Taiwan, while his enlightening mind in particular led him to the road of literature. After 6-year in jail during wartime, the enlightening-dimension of his mental world reemerged in early postwar Taiwan, represented as his participations in left-wing presses where he voiced his criticisms and advices toward Chinese authorities newly arrived in the island.
255

殘酷劇場中的戲劇詩:莎拉肯恩《4.48精神異常》之研究 / The dramatic poetry in the theatre of cruelty: a study of Sarah Kane’s 4.48 psychosis

黃韻如, Huang, Yun Ju Unknown Date (has links)
莎拉肯恩《4.48精神異常》以破曉時分為題,描寫一名憂鬱成疾的女性於凌晨甦醒並決定以自殺終結生命的關鍵時刻。劇中呈現精神病患者承受心理治療之苦與面對社會正常化(social normalization)的暴力過程。肯恩早期的劇作強調具體暴力之呈現,有別於此,本劇大量使用影像,並以不連續的片段,文本化(textualize)社會的暴力壓迫。根據亞陶的殘酷劇場(Theatre of Cruelty),片段式語言搭配影像的使用,能有效幫助個體表達難以言喻之想法與被壓抑之情感。本論文旨在借用亞氏語言觀探討肯恩《4.48精神異常》中詩意語言的使用。肯恩以片段式結構(fragmentary structure)取代角色與情節,傳達精神病患者不見容於社會的破碎思緒,並在病患的語言中採用拼貼式影像(collaged images),企圖以視覺意象呈現其殘破不堪的心理狀態。本論文分成四章,分析《4.48精神異常》中的語言,將其視為肯恩對社會正常化所展現最終極抗議。首章說明肯恩生平、本劇簡介與評論及本論文理論架構。次章分析本劇的片段式結構,研究肯恩如何使用片段式的詩意文字描繪病人的孤立無援與自相矛盾等心理不適現象。第三章檢視本劇中視覺化(visual)與文字化(textual)的影像,其主要功能為幫助病人表述自我內心痛苦與對社會的控訴。論文末章總結指出亞氏觀點能幫助讀者解讀肯恩暴力劇場中的詩意語言。 / Titled with a crucial moment when a depressed woman awakes before dawn and decides to commit suicide, Sarah Kane’s 4.48 Psychosis presents the violent process of a psychotic patient suffering from psychiatric therapy and social normalization. Unlike Kane’s early plays that emphasize the presentation of physical violence, this play is characterized by an excessive use of images and is composed of discontinuous fragments that textualize the violent oppression from society. From Artaud’s theory of Theatre of Cruelty, the use of fragmentary language with images helps to convey one’s inexplicable thoughts and suppressed emotions. Artaud’s view on language sheds new light on the interpretation of Kane’s poetic language in 4.48 Psychosis. Without an explicit indication of characters and plot, Kane uses a fragmentary structure to narrate the patient’s broken thoughts, which are not allowed to be voiced in a normal society. Deprived of the ability of voicing, the psychotic patient strives to communicate with others by incorporating collaged images in her language to visualize the devastated state of her psychological mind. Consisting of four chapters, this thesis examines the language of 4.48 Psychosis and interprets this play as Kane’s ultimate form of protest against the violence of social normalization. Chapter One is an introduction to Kane’s life, the play, the critical opinions, and the theoretical framework. Chapter Two analyzes the fragmentary structure of this play and studies how Kane uses poetic fragments to illustrate the patient’s alienation, psychological discomfort, and self-contradiction. Chapter Three examines the visual and textual images of this play. Both kinds of images assist the patient in her narration of psychological pain and her accusation against society. Chapter Four is the conclusion of the thesis that sums up the Artaudian approach of interpreting Kane’s poetic language in her theatre of violence.
256

撒奇萊雅族的社會文化與民族認定 / Study of Sakizaya culture and official recognition

陳俊男 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文結構除緒論與結論外,共分為5個章。「第一章 曙光初現:傳說與聚落」。撒奇萊雅族並無像阿美族般有非常清楚從海上飄移至台灣而定居的傳說故事,但是從撒奇萊雅族的族源傳說發現撒奇萊雅族定居於奇萊平原的歷史甚為久遠,並且認為與阿美族屬同源,但是阿美族的傳說則認為撒奇萊雅族為異族,這樣的差異耐人尋味。從歷史文獻去耙梳,發現撒奇萊雅族與外來政權互動不可謂不多,其對外的互動,並非與鄰近阿美族聚落共同進行,而是有其獨立的互動模式。1878年發生的加禮宛事件,是撒奇萊雅族發展的轉捩點,其正式納編為清政府管轄領域內,也讓撒奇萊雅族散入阿美族的聚落內。撒奇萊雅族主要分佈於花蓮縣境內,從訪談來看,達固部灣Takoboan以及飽干Cipawkan為最早的聚落,其他的聚落以這兩個聚落作為遷移的來源地,雖然早期建立起許多聚落,但隨著阿美族大量的進入,並與之通婚,目前僅剩花蓮市國福里、水璉、磯崎、馬立雲等為撒奇萊雅族較為聚居之地點。 「第二章 與阿美族的共生:社會組織的形成」。有關撒奇萊雅族的社會組織,我們從其房屋型制、通婚與親屬關係以及年齡階級來探討。撒奇萊雅族目前保留的早期木造建築,可以看出受漢式建築影響甚深,但是在內部的空間配置上,仍屬於撒奇萊雅族的思維模式。不管撒奇萊雅族的聚落位於何種地理環境,其均有一致的房屋建築型制,與阿美族房屋建築有顯著的差異。從耆老的訪談裏,早期撒奇萊雅族採取民族內婚制,但是隨著民族互動頻仍,撒奇萊雅族屬於族內婚的情形甚少,多半為通婚家庭,特別是與阿美族通婚。這種通婚狀況,隨著年齡下降,情形愈加普遍,在進行家譜的調查時,會發現70歲以上屬於民族內婚,中間一代與阿美族通婚最常見,年輕一代的通婚對象則趨向多元。撒奇萊雅族的年齡階級,各聚落間皆有共通階級名稱,而阿美族則是不同的聚落會有不同的年齡階級,這是雙方有所差異之處,不過隨著與阿美族互動頻繁,也漸漸借用阿美族的年齡階級名稱。 「第三章 與阿美族的交融:祭典儀式的舉行」。本章主要討論的是撒奇萊雅族的固有祭典儀式,並提及相關的傳統宗教觀念。在第一節裡,我們根據現有的文獻以及田野紀錄,去理解撒奇萊雅族的傳統宗教體系,不過撒奇萊雅族的神祇,在阿美族裏亦有存在,指示撒奇萊雅族沒有阿美族如此多的神祇。撒奇萊雅族在儀式的進行過程,發現到會有聚落上的差異,造成這樣的差異性,似乎與人口的多寡與集中是否有關。儀式行為上無法與阿美族有明顯的差異,不過與阿美族相同的是,儀式的進行會受整個台灣社會環境的影響。撒奇萊雅族正名過程中,Palamal火神祭成為撒奇萊雅族的代表性儀式,第三節要探討的是火神祭的籌備與舉行,在籌備的過程裡,撒奇萊雅族將固有祭儀納入在紀念活動性質高的Palamal火神祭中,呈現撒奇萊雅族的文化特色。 「第四章 各自表述-撒奇萊雅族語的使用」。語言是撒奇萊雅族與阿美族區別的重要依據,也是民族意識凝聚的最重要因素。本章將探討語言學者對撒奇萊雅語的研究,說明撒奇萊雅語的特色。語言學家研究的結果,普遍認為撒奇萊雅語是阿美語的方言,但是對撒奇萊雅語從事深入的研究,發現在元音的用法以及輔音的組成上有些許差異,而中綴詞與否定詞用法上與其他阿美語方言比較有某種程度的差異,但是這種差異,就語言學的研究重點來看,並不足以認為撒奇萊雅語取得與阿美語相同的獨立語言地位。歷史學家從歷史文獻發現兩者的語言似乎有所差異,但受限於資料,無法得知差異的程度,僅記載撒奇萊雅族有其自己之語言。日治時期的民族誌調查,發現撒奇萊雅族、阿美族在詞彙上有所差異,並且記錄與比較雙方詞彙的不同。而在現時的兩群人相處情境裡,雙方仍可以區辨語言是有所差異,但不可否認的是,撒奇萊雅語受到阿美語的影響極深,很多詞彙已經轉換成阿美語。在現實生活裡,撒奇萊雅族是如何使用自己的語言,又如何受阿美語的影響是本章要作討論的。最後,族語認證對於撒奇萊雅語的保存有極大的刺激,從歷屆的族語認證已經可以看出族人如何努力保存與復振自己的語言,使得民族生命能夠繼續延續,但是參與族語認證的人仍然不多,其原因不外乎使用者少與普遍使用阿美族語,這樣的情形讓撒奇萊雅族語的保存與復振,添加許多阻力。族語的認證伴隨而來的是教材的編寫,雖然與阿美族語言相比較,面對許多挑戰,但是這種挑戰卻讓撒奇萊雅族人不斷地思索自己語言的未來性,對族語的發展有其正面的意義。 「第五章 從「我群」到「我族」:認同與認定」。正名運動前撒奇萊雅族的認同意識,一般是隱藏於阿美族的意識下。當認同自己是「Pangcah」(阿美族),卻發現自己的語言與其他阿美族人無法自在溝通,也經常受到阿美族人的訕笑與質疑,內心開始懷疑自己是否為「Pangcah」。但若懷疑自己不是阿美族時,為何其他的文化特性與阿美族的相似度,比其他民族高,這是撒奇萊雅族內心存在的疑惑。當受到其他原住民族正名運動的影響,撒奇萊雅族開始顯現出與阿美族不同的民族意識。正名運動的展開,激起族人潛藏的民族意識,不過因為深受阿美族文化影響、文化特性的消失,特別是轉為使用阿美語,撒奇萊雅語掌握度不夠,自信心不足,讓撒奇萊雅族民族變更登記的人數始終處於低迷狀況。撒奇萊雅族完成民族認定是受邵族、噶瑪蘭族正名運動的影響,撒奇萊雅族的認定過程,部分學者對於行政機關進行民族認定工作的必要性,提出質疑,認為容易受政治影響。雖然民族理論或是族群認同理論在學術界仍未有一致的看法,不過就台灣原住民族的分類,仍可以提出相關的民族條件,作為民族認定的依據。撒奇萊雅族民族邊界的維繫,端看撒奇萊雅語的使用情形而定,當族語能力強烈,民族邊界就清楚,相反地,民族邊界便開始弱化,最後消失殆盡。
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整合文件探勘與類神經網路預測模型之研究 -以財經事件線索預測台灣股市為例

歐智民 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著全球化與資訊科技之進步,大幅加快媒體傳播訊息之速度,使得與股票市場相關之新聞事件,無論在產量、產出頻率上,都較以往增加,進而對股票市場造成影響。現今投資者多已具備傳統的投資概念、觀察總體經濟之趨勢與指標、分析漲跌之圖表用以預測股票收盤價;除此之外,從大量新聞資料中,找出關鍵輔助投資之新聞事件更是需要培養的能力,而此正是投資者較為不熟悉的部分,故希望透過本文加以探討之。   本研究使用2009年自由時報電子報之財經新聞(共5767篇)為資料來源,以文件距離為基礎之kNN技術分群,並採用時間區間之概念,用以增進分群之時效性;而分群之結果,再透過類別詞庫分類為正向、持平及負向新聞事件,與股票市場之量化資料,包括成交量、收盤價及3日收盤價,一併輸入於倒傳遞類神經網路之預測模型。自台灣經濟新報中取得半導體類股之交易資訊,將其分成訓練及測試資料,各包含168個及83個交易日,經由網路之迭代學習過程建立預測模型,並與原預測模型進行比較。   由研究結果中,首先,類別詞庫可透過股票收盤價報酬率及篩選字詞出現頻率的方式建立,使投資者能透藉由分群與分類降低新聞文件的資訊量;其次,於倒傳遞類神經網路預測模型中加入分類後的新聞事件,依統計顯著性檢定,在顯著水準為95%及99%下,皆顯著改善隔日股票收盤價之預測方向正確性與準確率,換言之,於預測模型中加入新聞事件,有助於預測隔日收盤價。最後,本研究並指出一些未來研究方向。
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日治時期「台灣寫真帖」研究 / The study of "Taiwan Shashin Cho" during Japanese colonial period

徐佑驊, Hsu,You Hua Unknown Date (has links)
本論文的研究主題在於:透過分析日治時期的「台灣寫真帖」中的視覺圖像,釐析「台灣」如何被觀看?編者如何編排一套「應該觀看台灣的方式」?在此視覺論述中,什麼被選擇?什麼被捨棄?相較先行研究者以後世眼光所分類之「類型」,可能切斷寫真既有的編輯思維及脈絡,本文乃將寫真帖重新置回原初的時代脈絡來觀察。   經由本文的分析,有以下幾點發現。首先,攝影傳入台灣及其發展情況,由辭彙轉譯的過程及拍攝、出版者來看,本文論析之「台灣寫真帖」可視為殖民者眼光所看見的「台灣」。而寫真帖的台灣視覺論述,可歸納以下幾項特性:(一)地理空間架構下的台灣,將台灣編制為北而南、由西向東的觀看順序;而東、西台灣的差異,呼應統制者經營台灣的態度及政策。(二)時間遞延下的台灣,歷經明治、大正、昭和不同時期各有不同的時代特性。(三)蕃族、自然資源、台灣風俗等視覺元素,並不特定被擺置於某一地理空間或某段時代,但依舊隱含殖民的凝視。綜論之,台灣寫真帖可以巨視和微觀的角度切入:巨視者與1908年縱貫鐵路通車密切相關,微觀則以1934年《台灣教材寫真教科書》分類框架最具代表性。   將寫真帖與其他文類對比參照後發現,其間多有互相複製、挪用的情形,可見殖民者建制台灣視覺論述的用心,並不僅見於寫真帖,亦以各種綜論性的台灣相關論著、教育讀本、美術作品的視覺圖像,相互作用以「召喚」個體(被觀看的「台灣」)進入主體(殖民者的知識體系)。「台灣」在殖民論述下如何被操作及轉化,本文以北白川宮、新高山、香蕉為例討論,援引羅蘭巴特的神話學概念,分析各樣文類構築的「台灣神話」。最後,從「觀看」到「觀光」的實踐,將觀光指南中的「台灣」與寫真對照,以「日月潭杵歌」與「台灣神社」為例,試論神話形構後,傳遞過程中可能的變異性。 / This research aims to interpret how Taiwan was observed by analyzing the visual icons in the “Taiwan shashin cho (Taiwan photo albums/台湾写真帖)” during the Japanese Colonial period. In addition, we will discuss about the way to see Taiwan arranged by the editor, and which factors was chosen or abandoned in the editorial process. Regarding prior researches, the classifications of former researchers possibly break both the thinking and the context of photo-album editors in later versions. We purpose to place the “Taiwan shashin cho” in the original context of the old times.   With our analysis, our research findings are: First of all, based on the development of photography in Taiwan, the Taiwanese translation of photography as well as the photographers and publishers, the “Taiwan shashin cho” in this research can represent the “Taiwan” image in the colonial perspective. We generalize three characteristics in the basis of the “Taiwan shashin cho”: A. Geographically, the order to view Taiwan by region was arranged from the north to the south and then the west to the east. The differences between western and eastern Taiwan corresponded to the colonial attitude and policy in this era. B. Chronologically, the “Taiwan shashin cho” implicated individual temporal characteristics in each section of the Japanese Colonial period, respectively. C. Generally, the visual factors such as aborigines, natural resources, and the customs and traditions cannot be categorized into specific regions and period, though they still implied the gaze of the rulers. In summary, there are two kinds of perspectives to analyze “Taiwan shashin cho”: macro and micro. The macro perspective is closely related to the operation of the North-South Railway. On the other hand, the category framework of the “Taiwan kyozai shashin kyokashu (Sources of Photography for Taiwan Textbook/台湾教材写真教科書)” in 1934 is the most typical micro perspective.   Secondly, to compare with other archives, numerous visual icons are reproduced and appropriated from the “Taiwan shashin cho”. Thus, we can conclude that the rulers spare no efforts to build up the visual discourse of Taiwan images with the “Taiwan shashin cho”, those treatises, educational textbooks and fine art works. By these archives, the individual (the Taiwan observed) is interpellated to the subject (the knowledge of the rulers). Based on the Mythologies by Roland Barthes, this thesis take the “Kitashirakawa-no-miya Yoshihisa-shinno (Imperial Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa/北白川宮能久親王)”, the “niitakayama(former name of Yushan/新高山)”, and the “bananas” as examples to understand how “Taiwan” was operated and transformed. Furthermore, how the forecited archives constructed the “Taiwan Myths”.   Finally, this research compares the “Taiwan shashin cho” with the “Taiwan ryoco annai(Guidebooks of Taiwan Railway Tour/台湾鉄道旅行案内)” in the practice of transforming “seeing” to “sightseeing” for discussing about the divergences in the process of propagating myth with two illustrations, “ Zizugezu tan kineuta(Pestle Dancing in Sun Moon Lake/日月潭杵唄)” as well as “Taiwan Zinzha(Taiwan shrine/台湾神社)”.
259

《睡虎地秦簡•日書》巫術文化研究 / “Shuihudi Bamboo Slip -- Rishu”: A Study on Witchcraft

張瓊文, Chang, Chiung Wen Unknown Date (has links)
《睡虎地秦簡•日書》自西元1975年底出土至今已有一段時日,相較於其它出土的《日書》版本而言是較為完整的,引起許多學者熱烈探討且著作頗豐。本論文以有別於其他學者的研究觀點,以文化人類學、考古學、文字學、宗教民俗等為研究方向,並相互比對、釋讀考古資料及歷史文獻,透過字句、語境的詮釋,以探索《睡虎地秦簡•日書》中的鬼神觀和豐富的巫術活動,並分析秦人的巫術信仰及巫術思維,試圖還原秦地巫術文化中的部分面貌。再以商周至兩漢之間的巫術活動的衍變,尋求巫術文化的歷時性脈絡。 / It has been a while since “Shuihudi Bamboo Slips -- Rishu” was excavated in the year 1975. Compared with other copies of “Rishu”, it is more complete and is the subject of scholarly discussion and literature. This study uses a different approach -- that of cultural anthropology, archeology, philology, religion and folklore -- to compare, contrast and interpret the archaeological data and historical documents, as well as to explore the spirits and deities, and witchcraft activities, in “Shuihudi Bamboo Slips – Rishu” through the word usage and context. Finally, the study helps to analyze the Qins’ belief and thinking in witchcraft, and attempts to trace the history of witchcraft culture based on the evolution of witchcraft activities from the Shang and Zhou Dynasty to the Han Dynasty.
260

BMP4 於神經肌肉系統生理功能之探討 / The physiological functions of BMP4 in the neuromuscular system

周慧茹, Chou, Hui Ju Unknown Date (has links)
骨形成蛋白 (bone morphogenetic proteins, BMPs) 屬於TGF家族的成員,過去的研究指出BMPs對神經系統的發育及維持非常的重要,並且會參與調控突觸的形成。然而,在哺乳類動物的研究中,BMPs在神經肌肉系統中所調控的生理功能仍未完全了解。本實驗室初步的研究資料顯示BMPs的type II受體 (bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor, BMPRII) 會表現在神經與肌肉接合處 (neuromuscular junction, NMJ) ,而從本論文中的免疫染色實驗結果觀察到骨形成蛋白-4 (BMP4) 會表現在肌肉及許旺細胞上,且BMP4與乙醯膽鹼受體 (acetylcholine receptors, AChRs) 有colocalization的現象。由double nerve ligations的實驗觀察到BMP4會堆積在打結處的兩端,顯示BMP4可能是由肌肉或許旺細胞分泌後送進運動神經元之軸突內運輸,其方向為雙向性運輸,而利用Q-PCR mRNA定量實驗發現BMP4 mRNA在double-ligated之坐骨神經中表現量下降,但在肌肉中表現量則顯著增加。 由上述實驗顯示肌肉細胞為BMP4主要來源之ㄧ,利用NG108-15神經細胞及C2C12肌肉細胞培養,我們發現BMP4 mRNA在C2C12肌小管上有高度表現,相反地在分化後的NG108-15神經細胞上表現量極少,而BMP4的mRNA及protein在C2C12肌肉上的表現量則受到神經衍生蛋白Agrin的調控。此外我們亦發現來自於肌肉的BMP4則會保護分化後的NG108-15神經細胞對抗Glutamate所誘導的細胞死亡反應。綜合這些結果,我們認為BMP4主要來自於運動神經元之周邊的肌肉及許旺細胞,其可能會參與調控運動神經元的存活機制。 / Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the TGF superfamily, have been shown to play important roles in the development of nervous system including neuronal survival and synaptogenesis. However, the physiological functions of BMP signaling at the mammalian neuromuscular system are not well understood. Our preliminary data showed that proteins of the type II bone morphogenetic receptors (BMPRII) were specifically expressed in nerve terminals at neuromuscular junctions. In this study, we found that proteins of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) were detected at Schwann cells and colocalized with postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in skeletal muscle fibers. In double-ligated nerves, BMP4 proteins were accumulated at the proximal and distal portions of the axons, suggesting that Schwann cell- and muscle fiber-derived BMP4 proteins were anterogradely and retrogradely transported by motor neurons. Additionally, BMP4 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in the muscle but down-regulated in ligated sciatic nerves. The physiological functions of BMP4 in the neuromuscular system were further examined in vitro. We found that mRNA of BMP4 was highly expressed in differentiated C2C12 muscle cells, but it was barely detectable in NG108-5 neurons. The expression of BMP4 mRNA and protein in C2C12 muscle cells were upregulated when the motor neuron-derived factor, agrin, was presented in the culture. Moreover, muscle-derived BMP4 could protect NG108-5 neurons from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. These results together suggest that BMP4 is a peripheral-derived factor that may regulate the survival of motor neurons.

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