本研究欲探討兩岸銀行業公司治理與經營績效之關聯性，使用資料包絡分析法及交叉效率分析比較2008至2013年兩岸銀行業的經營績效。根據本研究實證結果顯示：兩岸銀行業確實分屬不同效率前緣，且中國銀行業業之技術效率優於台灣銀行業之技術效率。但金融海嘯後台灣在規模效率上進步，顯著超過中國。在公司治理機制與經營績效關聯性分析中，顯示兩岸因制度性的差異上，使得公司治理變數與經營績效之關聯性幾乎完全相反。在政府持股率與經營績效關聯性上，雖然都不顯著，但中國係數為正，台灣為負，說明兩岸政府對企業的影響力是有所差異。獨立董事比例與純粹技術效率是唯一兩岸都顯著之變數，但中國為顯著負相關而台灣為顯著正相關。研究結果顯示兩岸在公司治理實務與經營績效有很大的差異。 / The purpose of this paper tries to make a cross strait comparison between corporate governance and efficiency performance in banking industry. We apply data envelopment analysis and cross efficiency frontier analysis to measure and compare the performance of banking industry between Taiwan and China from 2008 to 2013. The empirical results reveal that Taiwan and China indeed have different efficiency frontier, and the cross frontier analysis suggests that the efficiency performance of China is much better than that of Taiwan. However, the scale efficiency of Taiwan had a better performance than that of China after financial crisis. Due to system difference, the cross strait comparison of corporate governance between efficiency performances denotes that Taiwan and China almost have opposite effects. China indicates a positive coefficient between bank’s stock holding ratio by government and efficiency performances. On the other hand, Taiwan indicates a negative coefficient, although both are statistically insignificant. The result suggests that the political power has a contrary influence for Taiwan and China. The percentage of independent directors is the only variable that statistically significant with pure technical efficient on both sides. However, which is negative coefficient associated with China, but positive coefficient associated with Taiwan. Therefore, we can conclude that the corporate governance practices have opposite influence on efficiency performance between Taiwan and China.

建構一套健全的公司治理評等機制，為落實公司治理相關議題的核心工作。本研究以經濟暨合作發展組織之公司治理原則、世界銀行之公司治理架構與國內外公司治理相關實證文獻作為理論基礎，透過分析量化之公司層級衡量指標，嘗試建構一套可行且適合衡量台灣企業之公司治理評等指標，以作為投資人制定投資決策與授信機構評估企業債信風險時之參考。 本研究以2002年國內523家非金融業上市公司為樣本，利用LISREL方法 (線性結構關係模式統計方法)建構台灣公司治理評等指標。分析結果共得出：股權結構構面 (盈餘股份比、專業機構投資者持股率)；董事會職責構面 (盈餘席次比、外部董事席次比率、外部監察人席次數與外部董監持股率)；財務透明度構面 (盈餘管理幅度、損益平穩化程度與財報重編率)等3個構面、9項衡量指標。 透過與企業當期及次期經營績效、公司價值與投資人投資風險間之關聯性實證測試，本研究發現，前項公司治理評等指標與企業之經營績效、公司價值呈顯著正相關，而與投資人投資風險呈顯著負相關。此項實證結果一方面顯示，前項公司治理評等指標愈佳，企業當期與次期之經營績效與公司價值愈高，投資人之投資風險愈低；另方面亦表示本研究所建構之公司治理評等指標對於企業之經營績效、公司價值與投資人投資風險，具有一定程度之關聯性與預測能力。 / A well-developed corporate governance ranking system is essential to implantation of corporate governance. Base on principles proposed by OECD, a framework provided by the World-Bank and empirical literature on corporate governance, this research attempts to develop a workable TCGI (herein Taiwan Corporate Governance Index or TCGI) ranking system. The purpose of provision of TCGI is to help investors and creditors to make better decisions. Using data for 523 non-banking corporations publicly traded at Taiwan Stock Exchange in 2002, and LISREL as the analytical tool, this research constructs a three-aspect (including ownership structure, responsibility of the board and financial transparency) TCGI ranking system with 9 corresponding indicators in total. The empirical results of association tests show that TCGI indicators are significantly and positively (negatively) related to operation performance and market value (the occurrence of firms encountering financial difficulties). The findings thus imply that the TCGI ranking system developed in this research may be useful in investors and creditors decision-making.