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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

離散經驗:論析奈波爾《大河灣》的『家』與身分認同 / The Diasporic Experience: Home and Identity in V. S. Naipaul’s A Bend in the River

張惠菁 Unknown Date (has links)
當許多後殖民的作家和批評家,例如薩爾曼‧魯西迪(Salman Rushdie)和霍米‧巴巴(Homi K. Bhabha),倡導「交混」(hybridity)、「異質化」(heterogeneity)、「多樣性」(multiplicity)以及「殖民模擬」(colonial mimicry)等概念時,奈波爾的作品卻透露著他對已逝去殖民母國的懷舊,以及他將本質化、固定化、二元對立式的種族、性別、階級身分認同視為理所當然。在一片反帝國主義、反本質主義的身分定位論,推崇不純、混合、重組、移動、越界的概念中,這位2001年諾貝爾文學得主顯得格格不入,不受歡迎。像是愛德華‧薩依德 (Edward W. Said)、齊努亞.阿契貝(Chinua Achebe)、德瑞克‧沃爾克特(Derek Walcott)等,都對於奈波爾的作品有嚴厲的抨擊。他們認為奈波爾對於第三世界國家毫無同情心的描寫,只是欲藉由揭露自己民族的瘡疤,來滿足西方讀者對於第三世界的一成不變並帶有偏見的想像,而非像歐文‧侯伊(Irving Howe)等批評家讚譽奈波爾誠實地呈現出第三世界國家的動盪不安、暴力、貪污、貧窮和絕望。一方面,奈波爾的二元對立本質論述應該要被批判,因為這種本質論述太過簡化且會阻礙社會流動性(social mobility)。但另一方面,這些意識型態批判容易使得這些知識分子忽略了奈波爾文本的複雜性及其所要傳達卻隱藏在文字間的訊息。亦即,雖然奈波爾文本有許多意識型態的問題,卻也同時透露在這些問題背後,充滿了很多身為一個外來被殖民者必須要面對的矛盾、自我衝突、和認同斷裂。奈波爾的筆下所要傳達的就是這些痛苦與矛盾。本論文即是藉由指出這些痛苦和矛盾來解釋奈波爾文本為何有那些意識型態的問題,而不只是一味流於批評奈波爾而已。 本論文主要是以「離散」(diaspora)的角度來分析奈波爾的《大河灣》。「離散」是一種離開自己原有故鄉而客居異地的處境。這種失根、跨國、混雜的離散經驗,儼然使得「離散」成為一個顛覆國家定義(nation-states)、反本質論述的概念。然而在《大河灣》,奈波爾筆下的兩個主角,沙林和英達爾,對於離散經驗帶給他們的無根可歸、文化混雜、認同斷裂,他們並非欣然接受,反而感到憤怒與不安。重新建立(拾回)對家的歸屬感以及擺脫混雜的自我是他們認為解決自己痛苦和焦躁不安的唯一途徑。在建立屬於自己家園的過程中,從非洲東岸到內陸、從內陸到倫敦,他們表現出對已逝帝國的懷舊和沉醉,以及想從邊緣(margin)進入到中心(center)的渴望。被殖民者因受殖民母國所帶來現代性的影響,而開始對遠方的殖民母國產生想像和嚮往;他們甚至無形中內化了殖民宗主國對於被殖民者的種族刻板意象,而導致被殖民者不僅被異化也造成了自我的異化。為了要解決自我異化後所帶來的自卑感,被殖民著開始模仿殖民者,認為被中心接受是肯定自我價值的唯一之道。然而,面對文化霸權的宗主國,被殖民者作為一個外來者,結果不是被排斥否則就是被同化。這兩個主角追求想像中理想的家,最終失敗。既然無法融入寄居國,英達爾則想要重拾對祖國故鄉的歸屬感。但他所接觸到的印度和自己想像中的完全不一樣。他所見到的印度人表面上假裝自己是英國人,但骨子裡卻充滿了迷信,固守自己的階級制度。英達爾對自己家鄉的厭惡不僅僅是因他以西方價值觀來衡量自己的家鄉,同時也是自我厭惡的表現。他從這些印度人身上看見了自己,了解自己也只是眾多模擬者之一,把自己外表打扮像殖民者,但是卻對殖民母國有著疏離感和自卑感。因被殖民和離散的經驗,導致身份的混雜和模擬的行為,這對於奈波爾的故事中主角是急於想擺脫的,但卻擺脫不了。 殖民經驗也建構了被殖民者的自我身分認同。沙林認同的是此理想意像─中產階級白人男性。但在去殖民化後,整個政治的運作和權力分配都因此受到影響,而導致沙林意識到這種本質、固定、僵化的個人身分認同遭受到危機而欲極力挽救。雖然他隱約察覺到所謂本質化的身分認同其實是依賴和它者的關係所建構的,是充滿不穩定性的,但沙林仍然努力回復。因為唯有如此,他才能在這動亂不安的時代,獲得安全感。 以上所述,並非要推翻批評家對奈波爾的批判,或合理化奈波爾的本質論傾向。本論文不僅保有了批評家對奈波爾文本的嚴厲評論,並更進一步地去探討其為何有本質論的傾向。 本論文組成共有五章。第一章是導論,主要介紹批評家對奈波爾的爭議並點出為何本論文嘗試以「離散」的角度來切入探討《大河灣》。第二章對「離散」這個概念作批判性的回顧,以克力弗特(James Clifford)和 布菈(Avtar Brah)對「離散」觀點是我最為推崇的。此外,也介紹印度離散族群在歷史上如何形成。第三章是以「家」為主題,巴巴的現代性理論和弗朗茲‧法農 (Frantz Fanon)的《黑皮膚、白面具》(Black Skin, White Masks)分別於解釋主角為何對殖民母國有著矛盾的情感。第四章則是探討離散族群如何面對自己身分認同的危機。這一章不僅分析主角為何有身分認同的危機,同時也對主角的本質化式身分認同作批判。此章節引用史都華‧霍爾(Stuart Hall)在《文化認同和離散》(“Cultural Identity and Diaspora”)的觀點,文中強調身分認同不是結果,而是過程,是「存在」(being),同時也是「形成」(becoming)。第五章是結論,旨在重申本論文的企圖,意欲重新思考本質論在奈波爾文本中的呈現。 當晚近的論述一再強調混雜、模擬、跨疆界等概念,奈波爾的文本卻展示這些概念只是帶來痛苦、矛盾、不安和弱勢的處境。因此,本論文認為在批判奈波爾的同時,也應深究其文本所要關切的的離散族群和第三世界人民均似乎無法解決的困境。 / While most postcolonial writers and critics such as Salman Rushdie and Homi K. Bhabha celebrate the concepts of hybridity, heterogeneity, multiplicity and colonial mimicry, V. S. Naipaul’s works instead reveal his nostalgia for the loss of “Englishness” and his longing for singularity rather than plurality. Apparently, he is not popular with many postcolonial critics such as Edward Said, Chinua Achebe, and Derek Walcott. Unlike Irving Howe, who admires Naipaul for his disinterested representation of the instability, violence, poverty, and corruption of the Third World, they criticize Naipaul’s allegiance to the West and his attempt to court European readers. On the one hand, Naipaul’s bipolar essentialism should be put into question because it reduces complex social relations to absolute and fixed divisions and also limits the possibilities of the social mobility. On the other hand, too much emphasis on the problematic of Naipaul’s ideologies will reduce the contradictions, complexity and ambivalence in Naipaul’s works. Thus, rather than just accusing Naipaul of his bias against postcolonial societies, the thesis attempts to have a deep and comprehensive understanding of Naipaul’s A Bend in the River (hereafter BR). The thesis aims to analyze Naipaul’s BR from the perspective of “diaspora.” The concept of diaspora is annexed for anti-essentialism and anti-nation. However, in BR, the two protagonists, Salim and Indar, cannot embrace but try to get rid of their hybrid selves. Either to assume the new solidarity in the host country or to obtain a sense of belonging to the ancestral homeland is the way out. Their journey from East Africa to the interior of Africa, and finally to London reveals their reminiscence of the imperial past and their desire to leave the “margin” and head for the “center.” Their nostalgia for the loss of “Englishness” can be seen as the result of modernity, brought about by imperialism. Besides, as colonial subjects, they are not simply alienated but also made to alienate themselves; they adopt the identity of the “Other” as opposed to the “Self” that the British Empire represents. To solve their inferiority complex brought about by their self-alienation, they make efforts to imitate colonizers, seeing their success solely in terms of their acceptance by the “center.” However, it is never easy for the outsiders to assimilate themselves to host countries. Failing to making himself part of the “center,” Indar instead attempts to regain his sense of belonging to the ancestral homeland. However, the India he experiences is different from what he has imagined. The Indians he sees try to make themselves look like Britons but they are unable to shake off what the caste system has imposed on them. Indar’s disgust at his ancestral homeland should not be merely attributed to his belief in the hierarchical binarism of West/East. Instead, his contempt for those Indians can also be regarded as self-contempt. He sees himself in those Indians, aware that he is one of them, who dress like Britons but always feel alienated and inferior in the “center.” The theoretically celebrated concepts of “mimicry” and “hybridty” become marks of cultural fracture in Naipaul’s BR. Salim’s essentialism is reflected not only in his quest for home but also in his efforts to maintain his identities constructed within the imperial discourse. As a colonial subject, Salim has identified himself with an ideal image, a white male bourgeois. However, after the withdrawal of the Empire, the substantive and privileged “I” Salim has taken for granted is threatened as a result of political disorder. In the process of restoring what he sees as the coherent and unified self, he is somehow aware that the seeming fixed and essentialized self is constructed in his relation to others and is subject to change in different historical and cultural contexts. Nevertheless, Salim disavows what he has realized and keeps struggling to maintain his identity. The reason is that only by doing so can he at least have a secure sense of self in such a turbulent world. The foregoing argument is neither to show my disapproval of critics’ harsh remarks about Naipaul nor to make excuses for Naipaul’s tendency towards essentialism. Instead, the thesis not only criticizes Naipaul’s belief in essentialism but also explores the reasons why essentialism holds an appeal to Naipaul. The thesis is comprised of five chapters. The first chapter presents critics’ attitudes towards Naipaul and his works, which can be divided into two opposed camps, and points out why BR can be textually analyzed from the perspective of “diaspora.” The second chapter provides overviews of the term “diaspora.” Particularly, Avtar Brah’s and James Clifford’s theoretical and methodological approaches to “diaspora” are mostly stressed for they help illustrate the way the politics of home and identity will be dealt with in the following two chapters. Besides, the emergence of Indian diaspora in history will also be discussed in this chapter. The third chapter focuses on the politics of home. Bhabha’s discourse on modernity in postcolonial world and Frantz Fanon’s Black Skin, White Masks (1967) explain the two protagonists’ ambivalent and contradictory attitudes towards their motherland and ancestral homeland. By discussing the reasons for their imperialist ideologies, disclosed in the process of uprootings and regroundings, this chapter aims to present the dilemma colonial subjects lapse into, that is, inferiority complex, self-contempt and homing desire. Thus, “diaspora” cannot be merely seen as a celebratory term. Instead, in-betweenness, homelessness, multiple belongings, and mimicry anguish diasporans rather than empower them. The fourth chapter explores how diasprans solve their identity crises. This chapter not only explores why the protagonists have identity crises but also criticizes their tendency towards essentialism, emphasizing that identity, as Stuart Hall in his “Cultural Identity and Diaspora” argues, is both a matter of “being” and “becoming.” Though this chapter reveals that identity is constructed rather than fixed, the appeal of essentialism to diasporans should not be subject to the total negation particularly after the discussion of the reasons for diasporans’ identity crises. The fifth chapter is the conclusion of the thesis, briefly explicating the theme of the thesis. This chapter argues that diasporans’ obsession with essentialist notions of “center” and “essence” respectively disclosed in the process of seeking for/returning home and in the process of maintaining his “idealized” identity in BR should not lead to the rash accusation of Naipaul’s imperialist intention. By discussing what leads to Naipaul’s ideological interests, the thesis discloses the dilemma ex-colonials and post-colonial societies may be faced with. The humanistic approach to Naipaul’s work reveals that this very concept of essentialism should be understood in the specific historical context instead of being universally considered negative. The concepts of “hybridity,” “mimicry” and “border crossing” are emphasized and celebrated by most post-colonial critics; however, Naipaul’s BR reveals that those concepts which have inscribed in the two Indian diasporans make them suffer. Rather than accusing Naipaul of the problematic of his ideologies, the thesis attempts to focus on the dilemma both diasporans and postcolonial societies lapse into.
2

省籍族群政治與投票--台北市選民行為之分析

劉子立 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究乃是在分析台灣民主化之後,族群投票的變化。由於「族群」一詞具有身份性,使得族群投票可分為「身份族群投票」與「族群意識下的族群投票」。若要找出族群投票的真正原因,就必須在考慮了「選舉情境」,以及政黨認同、統獨立場、台灣人/中國人認同等重要的「政治態度」變項後,再分析「族群意識」對族群投票的影響力。 本研究發現:第一、在台北市過去三屆市長及市議員選舉中,因為族群意識產生的族群投票現象存在於市長選舉中,但在市議員選舉則不明顯。第二、在這三屆的市長選舉中,本省族群與外省族群都有族群投票的現象;但在市議員選舉則不明顯。第三、族群意識對族群投票有一定的影響力。但是族群意識中的哪一面向造成族群投票則因族群、時間、及選舉別而有所不同。第四、在其他的政治態度變項上,「政黨認同」一直跨族群、跨選舉別、也跨時間地是族群投票的重要原因。反映出族群投票的主因仍是在於「本省與外省族群對台灣與中國相關議題之歧見」上。第五、台灣的族群政治確實隨著民主化的持續發展,有演變成直接對同族群候選人族群投票的可能性。在市長選舉的部分尤其明顯。值得注意的是,族群投票的原因有從「本省與外省族群對台灣與中國相關議題之歧見」逐漸轉變至「本省與外省族群的互動關係」上。而且具有該族群意識面向的選民其族群投票的傾向甚高,使得族群政治有逐漸激化的現象。 關鍵字:族群、省籍、族群投票
3

台灣原住民族群通婚之影響機制的分析

高琬涵 Unknown Date (has links)
由於族群通婚可反映對不同族群、文化接受的程度,透過通婚也讓不同文化習俗有兼容並蓄的可能性,因此,族群關係研究中,常將族群間通婚與否視為族群間社會距離及族群疆界的有效指標。台灣為包含閩南人、外省人、客家人與原住民這四大族群的多元族群社會,其中,由於原住民僅佔總人口的 2% ,在國內量化的族群通婚研究中,往往受限於樣本數而將其予以排除,或將不同族群之原住民統一視為單一原住民族群,因此,本研究欲著眼於過去通婚研究時常忽略的「少數族群」,並將原住民族群差異納為探究通婚影響機制之一。 本研究試圖以人口統計資料來描繪近年來原住民人口結構、婚姻概況圖像,並依2006年及2010年臺灣原住民經濟狀況兩筆調查資料,探究不同性別、族群、教育程度、城鄉差異、受訪者世代、族群規模對於通婚之影響。研究發現,整體原住民是以族群內婚為主、族群通婚為輔;在教育程度與通婚與否的關係上,教育程度越高的原住民,族群通婚比例越高,而教育程度越低者,更傾向族群內婚;受訪者世代部分,原住民族群通婚比例則與年齡呈現反比,亦即,年長世代族群內婚率較高,而年輕世代族群通婚率更高;族群規模對於原住民通婚與否的影響上,則呈現負向關係,不過,族群類別對於通婚與否之影響部分,則未有明顯穩定的趨勢產生。 因此,本研究認為,原住民中符合女性、教育程度較高、較為年輕世代者等要件者,將有更高的族群通婚傾向,而在影響原住民族群通婚與否的諸多機制中,又以城鄉差異影響力最高,存在著都市原住民通婚率高於原鄉原住民的現象,不論是2006年或2010年迴歸模型分析中皆達統計顯著水準,不過,城鄉差異背後涉及的原住民遷徙問題並未納入本文研究範疇之中,值得進一步探究。
4

PTT股票板討論對股市之影響 / The Influence of Discussion in Stock Section of PTT on Stock Market

林彥丞 Unknown Date (has links)
過去總認為市場是有效率的,投資人是理性的,但近年來,行為財務學的興起,開始證明投資人經常做出不理性的行為,導致投資市場只有少數人為贏家,能長期獲得超額報酬。散戶的投資行為也是學術上時常探討的,而在過去幾年,國外開始有學者利用社群網站twitter,並用情緒辨識軟體將發文者的文章做情緒的歸類,來看能不能提升對大盤或個股的預測能力。結論是其中幾類情緒的確能提升預測大盤或個股的機率。而在台灣,比較有名的股票社群為PTT的股票板,該板通常會同時有1000人以上在線上。本文做了兩項研究,其一為藉由本週看多及看空文章的總數來看是否能預測未來幾週的大盤報酬,其二為藉由個股看多或看空文章的回文數,來看是否看多或看空文章的回文數愈多,是否能預測個股未來幾天的報酬,而以上兩項的結果,即使有些部分在統計上為顯著,但並沒有一致性,舉例來說,有些個股可能在第三天顯著,並與回文數呈負相關,但另一些個股可能在第5天顯著,並與回文數呈正相關,因此並無法得到一致性,很難有合理的解釋,因此可說明,PTT裡的發文及回文對整個投資市場來說,並無資訊內涵,並無法預測股市的報酬。 / The efficient market was popular before and most of the investors are seen as rationality. However, behavioral finance emerged in recent years. This theory tells us investors usually invest irrationally that there are only a few people in the market are winner in the long run. Retail investors’ behaviors are usually discussed in theses in recent years. In foreign country, there were some people studying the social network- twitter and use some software to judge the different emotions in an article in twitter. Finally, they found some types of emotions could predict the movement of stock prices or stock index like Dow Jones. In Taiwan, the stock section in PTT is famous. Many people express their opinions in stock section of PTT. In this paper, author use the bullish or bearish article to forecast the stock index a few weeks later and use the number of responses of an article for a specific stock to predict the return of the stock a few days later. The results are that some of the responses of stocks can predict stocks returns five days later and there are negative relation between the numbers of responses and the returns. However, other responses of stocks can predict stocks returns three days later and there are positive relation between the numbers of responses and the returns. The author can’t find the consistent results. There are more than1000 people stay in the stock section of PTT at the same time, but these people are only a small group in the stock market. Consequently, we can use PTT to predict the stock market.
5

虛擬社群管理、社群績效、與獲利模式關係之探討

王孟邦, Wang, Meng-Bang Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,虛擬社群的概念已被廣泛地應用到網際網路的商業交易模式中。大部份虛擬社群的相關研究多著墨於如何吸引會員加入、或分析社群會員的參與動機、及其網路使用行為,而本研究的焦點則在於虛擬社群的管理、績效、以及獲利模式之間的探討。 本研究採用個案研究法,藉由與個案的深度訪談與相關次級資料的蒐集整理,探討國內虛擬社群網站在管理、績效、與獲利模式之間的關係。本研究以23xx電子論壇、YouthWant優仕網、SheSay、HerCafe蕃薯藤女性網、iClubs網路社群、CityFamily網路同學會、Yahoo!奇摩家族、以及Yamtopia蕃薯藤網托邦等八個社群網站作為個案研究對象。經歸納整理訪談資料後,本研究得到命題如下:  1.網站人力資源配置會影響日常管理活動之多樣性及執行深度。 2.社群的日常管理活動執行愈徹底,愈有助於提昇社群績效之各項指標,以及促成內衍型獲利模式的推展。  3.社群網站的行銷手法設計愈成功,愈能創造出具有特殊性的議題,而促使社群績效創造出「出版會員貢獻內容」的內衍型獲利模式。  4.社群績效指標之提昇除了受到日常管理活動的影響外,尚有賴於網站行銷手法之有效設計。  5.在社群主題愈明確的條件下,社群績效愈好,愈有利於外生型獲利模式的推行。 本研究除了提出上述五個命題說明社群管理、績效、與獲利模式之間的關係外,並提出其他相關研究發現,有助於業界對於虛擬社群經營的了解,進而以此作為切入社群市場的參考。
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中共群眾路線之研究--「文化大革命」的個案分析 / A study of mass-line of Chinese communism--case study of "cultural revolution"

吳黎明, Wu, Li-Ming Unknown Date (has links)
六○年代毛澤東為防止中共黨內資本主義復辟,維護建國當初黨的純潔性,以走出擁有中國特色的社會主義道路,以「文化大革命」名義,發動群眾力量進行一場權力鬥爭,使大陸陷入一場空前的浩劫,並影響日後鄧小平的改革開放路線。「文革」至今仍存有許多疑惑與爭議的問題,而中外學者對「文革」的探究也不遺餘力,但研究焦點幾乎都擺在政治權力及意識型態的鬥爭上,而忽略「文革」的群眾基礎。因此,著者選擇從「群眾路線」的面向切入,研究「文革時期」「群眾運動」的相關問題。希望能從中瞭解中共「群眾路線」群眾政治的本質,提供研究中共問題者,對瞭解中共政治增加一些觀察的角度。本論文共分成六章十七節,各章內容大致如下:第一章:緒論。介紹本論文的研究動機與目的、研究途徑與方法及研究分析架構。第二章:「文革」初期的群眾路線與群眾運動。首先介紹「文革」發生前的社會背景,以及如何發生動亂,進而分析紅衛兵運動的興落。第三章:「文革」時期群眾路線之關係。分析紅衛兵之間的武鬥,瞭解群眾運動與工農群眾之間的關係,以及譚震林等革命元老如何反擊群眾運動。第四章:「文革」時期政府秩序的破壞狀況,毛澤東如何建立臨時權力機構「革命委員會」,並改造黨幹部。第五章:「文革」後期的群眾運動。析述「批林批孔運動」、「批鄧、反擊右傾翻案風運動」及「天安門事件」等三大群眾運動。第六章:結論。介紹研究過程所發現「文革」群眾運動的特色,並觀察日後中共統治者與群眾的關係。
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校園社群網站滿意度之研究 / Online social network on campus: a satisfaction survey

黃健維, Huang, Chien Wei Unknown Date (has links)
大學校園資訊服務一般是以教學、行政、服務等公務性為主,較缺乏針對學生校園生活之互動性功能,如社團訊息溝通、相簿共享等學生較喜愛之功能。本論文是以某大學所建置學生校園社群網站(http://dono.tw)進行個案研究並線上問卷調查,來評量校園社群網站的使用者滿意度、分析使用者滿意度與各構面關係、以及分析使用者滿意度與使用者基本資料關係。在本論文的滿意度分析中,本研究所提出的五個假設,有三個假設成立,分別為「會員間互動對於滿意度有正相關」、「網路結構對於滿意度有正相關」、「網路科技對於滿意度有正相關」。針對所研究之網站,本論文有下列管理性建議:要改變學生於網路的使用習慣及行為,是相當不容易。建議學校可由整合社群網站功能於學校的學術及行政運作體系或增加使用社群網站之誘因,來提升網站使用率。 / The information services of university campus are usually focused on public affairs such as teaching, administration, and services. And there is lack of interactive functions for student campus life such as the messages communication of campus clubs, the photos sharing, etc., those are the favorite functions of students. Based on the campus student community networks created by an university, this paper conducts a case study and making an online survey. It assesses the user’s satisfaction of the community networks, analyze the relationship between user’s satisfaction and each dimension, and analyze the relationship between the user’s satisfaction and user’s background data. In the satisfaction analysis, we proposed five hypotheses. There are three hypotheses are valid. They are :”It is positive correlation to satisfaction among the members’ interaction”, “It is positive correlation to satisfaction for web structure”, and “It is positive correlation to satisfaction for web technology”. For the research web, we have the following managerial suggestions: It is not easy to change the custom and behavior of students on network. To improve the utilization rate, we suggest that the university can integrate the community network functions into the academic and administrative affairs system, or to make some incentives to use the community network. Keywords: Virtual Community, Campus Community, Community Web, Web 2.0
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族群領域特徵常數推算方法之研究 / Estimation of Parameters in Domains of Study

紀華山 Unknown Date (has links)
由於研究目的的特殊需要以及調查的可行性與經濟起見,大多數的統計資料均藉抽樣調查而產生之。然而抽樣調查資料須經適當方法予以推算後始能顯示族群特徵而據以解決問題。一般抽樣調查除對族群特徵常數(Parameters)推算外,往往針對研究問題的需要,必須進一步對族群領域特徵常數(Parameters inDomains of Study)加以推算。由於族群領域大小刊jN通常為未知,同時領域樣品大小jN為一逢機變數(RandomVariable)的原故,族群領域特徵常數之推算式(Estimators)並非與族群特徵常數之推算式全同。因此,對族群領域特徵常數不同推算公式的誘導與其推算精密度(Precision)的分析比較自有極高的研究價值。 吾人知道現代的企業管理莫不藉重統計資料而趨於數量分析 (Quartitative Analysis) 以為各種問題的研究與解決。應用統計資料加以研究、解決企業管理問題固屬重要,然而既然大多統計資料的產生係來自抽樣調查,則如何獲得精密度較高的抽樣推算方法的探討,其重要性自不待言了。 本人主修企業統計,有感於此,遂自告奮勇敦請本所教授魏應澤博士指導,撰文探討抽樣調查中,有關族群領域特徵常數之推算問題。 本文內容共分五章,第一章為緒論,說明本文研究之問題及其探討之計劃。第二、三章則分別闡述簡單展算法(Simple Expansion Method)與比率推算法(Ratio Estimates)以為第四章探討之基礎。第四章運用簡單展算法與比率推算法探討簡單逢機抽樣(Simple RAndom Sampling)、分層逢機抽樣(Stratified Random Sampling)與集體抽樣(Simple Cluster Sampling)下四種族群領域特徵常數---即族群領域大小jN、族群領域平均值jY(集體抽樣時指jY)、族群領域總計值jY及族群領域總計值佔整個族群總計值成數(Proportion)jP=jY/Y的推算方法。第五章為結論。 本文之撰寫承蒙吾師 魏應澤博士悉心指導,謹此誌謝!至於本文內容,因個人學識及時間之限制,誤漏之處,在所難免,敬祈閱卷教授指正。
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在有限的預算下找出影響力最大的代言人組合 / Mining a set of agents in social networks for maximal influence with a limited budget

龔偉銘 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,越來越多的社群網站受到人們廣泛的使用,例如:Facebook、Plurk之類的網站都擁有大量的使用者資料。社群網路越來越受到一些研究學者的重視,很多人開始紛紛研究如何有效的運用社群網路上的資料。影響力的傳播是社群網路上一個很重要的課題,如何在社群網路上找到影響力最大的組合是個受到廣泛討論的問題。在本研究中,我們試想一間公司如果要請人來宣傳產品的話,必須支付代言人一些費用,而如何在有限的預算下聘請一些代言人來達到最大的宣傳效果就是我們研究的問題。兩個代言人的影響力總和並不單單只是將兩個代言人的影響力相加而已,因為代言人本身所影響的對象可能會重複,所以必須扣除掉一些被重複影響的人,也增加了問題的困難度。在我們提出的演算法中,可以有效的減少計算的時間並且使找出來的代言人組合所造成的影響力趨近最佳解。 / Influence maximization is the problem of finding a small subset of nodes (seed nodes) in a social network that could maximize the spread of influence. In this paper, we given a social network and budget, which people should we choose could maximize the spread of influence with a limit budget. We propose a new algorithm combine cluster algorithm and dynamic programming to solve this problem. Our experimental results show that our propose algorithm achieves better running time comparing with the CELF algorithm. But CELF algorithm achieve much better influence spread than our propose algorithm. Based on our results, we believe if we can improve the cluster algorithm than we can achieve much better influence spread.
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族群接觸與族群認同--以賽夏族tanohila:氏族日阿拐派下為例

日婉琦 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究論文主要目的是從賽夏族tanohila:氏族日阿拐派下與其他族群(主要是客家人)接觸的過程中,探討原住民與漢人密切互動之後一般認同情形或族群意識的特質;在雙重或多重文化的認同中,是否會對自己的文化產生質疑?對自己的族群產生認同危機?是否全盤否定自己的傳統文化?否定文化是否就會否定自己的族群認同、有意掩飾或放棄原有的族群認同?並希望藉由本研究的討論,了解族群認同的心理歷程是否對文化的傳承有所影響,進而幫助族人正向的認同態度與行為,建立我族的認同觀念,並延續傳統文化。 其中以非結構式的深度訪談方式,瞭解社會文化對於認同的影響,包括通婚、社會化歷程、母語能力以及祖靈祭與祭祖,在田野的訪談過程中發現能影響認同變異的部分,但是在母語能力的強弱並不會改變對賽夏族的認同。然而不能忽略的是,仍有許多受訪者是很難釐清自己到底屬於那個族群,也許在身份上不得不承認自己是賽夏族人,然而「血統」卻成為質疑自己認同的主要因素,早期即離開部落,接觸異族、接受漢人的教育更加速自我與社會認同的混淆。 另外則以結構式五點量表,探討認同的心理歷程,發現認同不能單從其中一個語言或非語言的行為,或是外顯行為來判定一個人的認同,個人的通婚結果會造成心理歷程的變化,也就是說通不通婚,都不會改變tanohila:氏族人對賽夏族整體的認知,在族群態度與族群行為上,卻呈現負面影響(t值為負值),即與異族通婚的結果也造成個人在行為的準備狀態與表現於外的行為改變。族群接觸的密切程度與族群認同的強度是息息相關的,尤其是對在台灣原住民中佔有特殊地位的賽夏族來說,更具有舉足輕重的地位,其族群獨特性乃從與其他族群的連結形成的。 相對於HAKKA的弱勢,在本研究中找不到被「同化」的跡象,若強要說「同化」,在這裡僅能從語言上得到充分證明,除此之外,在其他的面向,似乎也沒有得到HAKKA的真傳,因此不能為「同化」提供更有力的佐證。另外族群認同的心理歷程要遠比展現出的外顯行為對文化的傳承有更重要的影響,唯有內心達到真正的認同,才能有效建立族人的認同觀念,並延續傳統文化。

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