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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

英國PFI制度及財政效果之研究

陳東信, Chen , Tung-Hsin Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要在介紹英國PFI制度及探討其財政效果。英國PFI (Private Finance Initiative) 計畫主要適用於無自償率也就是無法對民眾收費的公共建設計畫,例如:道路、學校、國防等。這些自償率為零的公共建設,相信只要政府有良好的配套措施,仍可吸引民間廠商來投資。由英國推動PFI的經驗可以得到證明。英國的PFI制度,是由民間企業投標公共工程,自行融資,興建完成交付使用後,再由政府依合約及服務與維修績效,逐年給付PFI費用。英國推動PFI的目的之一在於創造物超所值 (Value for Money, VFM) 的效果,英國PFI的有關單位亦創造相關機制,為使PFI達成VFM的目標。另外,在相關的PFI成功經驗中,可發現其在興建效率、成本控制及服務滿意度上皆有不錯的表現。 本文要探討的另一個重點為英國PFI的財政效果。英國推動PFI還有一個主要原因,因為實施PFI可以不必將該資產負債入帳,因而可規避舉債上限的規定。因此就財政的議題上,我們關心的議題有二,首先是政府實施PFI融資方案替代傳統融資方案時,是否可降低政府舉債的需求。第二是政府實施PFI融資方案,是否較傳統融資方案,更能節省政府的財政支出,因而可將節省下來的資金投資在其他的公共建設。我們以財務模擬試算來分析,其結果顯示,當一筆固定數量的支出每年由傳統融資移轉到PFI融資時,那麼公部門淨借款將會隨著時間減少,不過其減少的幅度會逐年縮小,最後可能不會減少,除非有物價膨脹或政府支出成長發生。在使用PFI融資時,為符合公共投資法則,我們以租稅融通PFI費用,則實施PFI計畫對租稅需求的影響,可能一直增加 (例如私部門利率高於公部門利率時) 或一直降低 (例如民間有較大的效率節省或政府執行較無效率時)。 原則上,實施PFI引進民間企業參與無自償率公共建設的投資,應可藉由民間企業的效率、技術與資金來進一步提升公共服務的質與量。並且可舒解政府的財政或舉債壓力,甚至進一步獲得財政上的節省。
2

政大學生宿舍BOT案之財務規劃

黃成斐 Unknown Date (has links)
摘 要 BOT最重要的精神在於有效運用民間資源,突破政府財力限制,加速公共建設的推動;基於此原則,本文在沒有任何機關研究經費補助之下,嘗試利用政大宿舍興建案這樣一個規模較小、卻涉及上千名學子權益的案例,研究由民間投資參與公共建設,是否為全民福祉往上提升的利器。 政大若在指南山莊以BOT模式興建學生宿舍,則興建成本估算為4億8千萬元,特許期間25年,權利金分三年收取,每年400萬元。經過財務試算,得知政府著重的自償率SLR、民間特許公司重視的NPV與IRR、有些營建業者常用的ROI以及銀行授信所必須檢視的DSCR等財務數字,均可接受,具財務可行性。 本案完成後,可以增加學生宿舍1,750床位,又可減輕學校興建、維修、管理、水電等支出成本,學生也可以低於市價的付費享受高品質的住宿服務。
3

國立大學學生宿舍BOT案探討--以臺大、中正大學為例

祝志行, Tsu, Chih Sheng Unknown Date (has links)
依本研究之目的,分述對臺大與中正二校之宿舍BOT模式案之探討如下: 一、探討學生宿舍是否適用BOT模式規劃辦理。 以二校學生宿舍自建與BOT計畫案相比較,按相同之規模興建,興建成本依據估算數評定其經營成效,因自建案之自償率較低、淨現值較少、回收年期較長、內部報酬率及分年償債比率,亦低於BOT計畫案之指標。綜合五種財務指標檢視,顯示學校自建之表現,不如BOT的指標。 二、探討學生宿舍以BOT模式辦理成功之財務因素。 BOT計畫成功之重要關鍵因素16項中,就其中財務因素發現: 1.臺大之成功財務因素共8項,分別為民間財力豐沛、包商具足夠經驗與資源及民間投資人須有豐富經驗及值得信賴、競標之程序為公平透明、計畫財務健全可行及在支付能力範圍之內、財務結構須予銀行足夠之擔保、契約架構須反映計畫之財務特性、計畫風險由當事人合理分擔等項因素。 2.中正之成功財務因素共2項,僅為競標之程序為公平透明與契約架構須反映計畫之財務特性等因素。 由此可見,臺大關鍵成功的財務因素多於中正6項,能將BOT計畫執行成功,實因具有較多不可或缺之關鍵因素,其穩健周詳的考量及完善的執行力,方能完成任務考驗。
4

稅金增額融資(TIF)財務機制之研究-以桃園機場捷運建設為例 / A study on financial mechanism of tax increment financing-the case study of Taiwan Taoyuan international airport MRT

蘇偉強, Su, Wei Chiang Unknown Date (has links)
交通運輸建設與土地開發互為影響,目前台灣交通建設所產生之土地開發效益卻未與公共財務支出連結。導致中央補助出資之交通運輸建設所隱含之「成本」,與伴隨地方發展之土地開發所牽涉之「收益」,形成「中央支出、地方收益」及「地主受益、全民買單」之不公平現象。過去文獻卻仍未就財政面與財務面探討有效之解決機制。 本研究首先檢視區段徵收、工程受益費與都市建設捐等國內財務機制,並引進「稅金增額融資(Tax Increment Financing, TIF)制度」。利用財政努力之公平與效率指標,比較各財務機制,顯示TIF之公平性與效率性皆為最佳。TIF制度為美國地方政府常用之財政、財務自償工具之一。TIF係政府部門透過TIF特區之劃定收取未來價值(value capture),將未來公共建設與生活環境之投資與改善,所帶來未來稅基增加及稅金增額之結果作為償還交通建設經費之擔保,藉以融資。故TIF係依「專款專用」精神,並利用稅收合理分配方式,將成本與收益確實連結,以達財政與財務自償。 TIF為一財政與財務運用工具,但過去於財政上多運用於都市更新機制,較少運用於公共建設,似乎侷限其功能性;而財務面則甚少探討其TIF特區最適範圍,常逕由申請單位劃定明確範圍,似乎缺乏財務可信度。故本研究選定桃園機場捷運為個案,從財務面探討TIF特區之最適範圍。先以財務模擬,設定基本假設與相關參數,並求得成本與收益項目,以進行財務現金流量分析。而後利用財務比例分析法,進行自償率、投資效益與融資可行性等三項分析。最後再以敏感度分析,求出敏感變數。分析結果顯示納入稅金增額收入後,車站半徑300公尺範圍作為TIF特區範圍A21可達自償;500公尺則A2、A21可達自償;800公尺則A2、A7、A15、A21四個站皆能達到自償。而敏感度分析結果顯示稅金增額收入確為敏感變數之一。本研究利用「時間固定、範圍變動」之自償分析,顯示不同環境變數下,TIF最適範圍亦不同,故應以財務分析方式進行範圍劃定。 最後,本研究根據美國TIF實施經驗,納入最適範圍財務自償分析,建立交通運輸建設TIF財務機制。該機制係將交通運輸建設所造成之土地開發效益,轉化為土地稅稅金增額,並挹注至交通運輸建設成本當中,使計畫能達到自償。未來實施該機制,應著重專責機關建立、執行法制化、民眾觀念建立、稅收分配管理、財務變數之制度與政策設計、財務機制確實運用等面向之執行,使該機制能於國內順利推動,以解決建設財源問題,並期望藉以紓緩地方財政困境。
5

捷運建設財務規劃管考機制之研究 / A Study on Supervision and Evaluation Mechanism of Mass Rapid Transit Financing Planning

鄭淳方, Cheng, Chun Fang Unknown Date (has links)
當前我國各級政府財政因窘、公共建設財源短缺,地方期盼興建捷運建設,惟捷運建設成本高昂,國家發展委員會參考美國租稅增額財源機制(Tax Increment Financing, TIF)制度核定「跨域加值公共建設財務規劃方案」,該方案廣泛用於配置捷運建設經費,主要係結合創新財源及「自償率」機制促使地方政府善盡財政努力,改善早期建設外部效益未能內部化的缺點,由中央及地方依自償率共同分擔捷運建設經費。本研究發現中央為減少財政負擔設置自償率門檻作為補助依據,恐造成地方為求計畫核定,將配合中央或自行美化財務參數,導致未來財政上的道德危機,觀之美國爭議個案,發現以未來的租稅增額挹注公共建設時隱含道德危機及財政排擠,相關問題管制措施不足,我國援用美國相關制度時應特別注意其制度上的缺點,然目前國內制度及相關研究尚未就捷運建設營運期之自償性經費提出對應的管考措施。 依財政分權理論,捷運建設自償性經費可按財政總量管制的理念進行管考。本研究分析美國管考機制爭議案例後續處理方式,再歸納愛荷華州管考機制相關作法,發現該州管考措施多元,不僅明訂資訊公開項目,亦限制制度運用範圍,可作為我國管考道德危機及財政排擠問題之參考。然而,美國制度與我國「跨域加值公共建設財務規劃方案」未完全相同,為設計適合我國之管考機制,本研究邀請曾經參與該方案之中央及地方相關人員,以及國內大眾捷運系統學者參與焦點團體座談會及個別訪談,針對現況課題進行深入的探討。經分析訪談意見,發現捷運建設財務規劃現況問題包含中央面臨地方違背財務承諾道德危機,地方則可能出現財政排擠問題,故管考機制應發揮財務預警、資訊透明功能。 本研究建構一套管考機制,以計畫、執行、檢查、改進(Plan-Do-Check-Act)的實施程序進行下列管考措施:(1)審議期間由中央依捷運建設貢獻審議各計畫租稅增額投入建設經費比例,並制定財務監督及輔導原則、資訊公開原則,供地方據以制定相關配合辦法。(2)建設期間中央給予補助前,監督地方檢討非自償性經費執行情形。(3)營運期間由地方主管機關每年向地方公共債務管理委員會提報自償性財源收益績效,中央每5年檢核地方綜合成效。(4)配套措施包含由中央擴充、開放資訊系統供地方及民眾運用,落實財政透明及公共課責,輔助推動管考機制。同時運用彈性獎勵策略,促使地方政府提升財務績效,促使地方自我改善地價評議制度,以充分反映公共建設貢獻,達成外部效益內部化。 / Currently, government is facing financial difficulty on all levels and is short of public funds for public works. Local governments are looking forward to the construction of MRT facilities. However, the costs of these are very high. Referencing the tax increment financing (TIF) system in the U.S., the National Development Council approved the “Project for Cross-Field Value-Adding in Public Works Financial Planning,” which is widely used for the allocation of the MRT construction funds. By combining innovative financial resources and a “self-liquidation ratio” mechanism, local governments are encouraged to make financial efforts to overcome the failure to internalize the external benefits of early construction. Central and local governments share the MRT construction funds based on the self-liquidation ratio. In the present study, we summarized the literature related to self-liquidating public works and found that during the process of reviewing MRT construction plans, in order to reduce the financial burden and increase the self-liquidation ratio of local governments. However, to seek approval for their plans, local governments beautify their financial indicators, resulting in a moral hazard in finance. By analyzing disputes in the U.S., we found that this system implies moral crises and financial exclusion. Control measures on related issues are inadequate. When borrowing related systems from the U.S., the Taiwanese government should pay special attention to their shortcomings. Neither the current domestic system nor related research has proposed appropriate measures to supervise and evaluate self-liquidation funds during MRT construction and operation. According to the theory of fiscal decentralization, self-liquidating funds for MRT construction can be supervised and evaluated as per the framework of growth control quotas. After analyzing subsequent settlements of disputes on supervision and evaluation mechanisms in the U.S. and summarizing practices related to these mechanisms in the state of Iowa, we found that the state has diverse supervision and evaluation measures, which not only clearly stipulate the disclosure of project information, but also set limitations for the scope of applying the system. This can be used as a reference for the Taiwanese government to handle the moral hazard and financial exclusion of the supervision and evaluation system. However, the systems in the U.S. and the “Project for Cross-Field Value-Adding in Public Works Financial Planning” in Taiwan are not entirely the same. To design an appropriate supervision and evaluation system for Taiwan, those who had participated in the development of the plan from central and local governments as well as scholars of the domestic mass transit system were invited for focus group and individual interview. In-depth discussion on current issues was carried out. After analyzing their opinions from the interview, we found that the current situation of financial planning for MRT construction is as follows: the central government is facing the moral hazard that local governments may violate financial commitments and local governments may experience financial exclusion. Thus, the supervision and evaluation system should perform the functions of financial forecasting and information transparency. In this study, we constructed a supervision and evaluation mechanism to implement the following measures through the plan-do-check-act procedure: (1) During the reviewing phase, the central government considers the ratio of tax increment invested into the construction funds for each proposed plan according to the contribution of MRT construction while developing financial supervision and counseling principles and information disclosure principles to serve as a basis for local governments to formulate supporting measures. (2) During the construction phase, prior to granting subsidies, the central government should supervise the review of the implementation of the non-self-liquidating funds by the local governments. (3) During the operation phase, each local authority should report annually to the local Public Debt Administration Committee its earnings from self-liquidating resources and the central government should inspect the overall performances of the local governments every five years. (4) The supporting measures include the central government expanding and opening information systems for local governments and the people, implementing fiscal transparency and public accountability, and prompting the promotion of supervision and evaluation mechanism. Simultaneously, the central government may use flexible incentive strategies to encourage local governments to improve their financial performance and land appraisal systems to reflect fully the contributions of public works and to internalize the external benefits.

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