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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

民族分離運動的比較研究--以俄羅斯聯邦之韃靼共和國與車臣共和國為例

曾靖芳 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文以隸屬於俄羅斯聯邦架構中的韃靼共和國和車臣共和國作為分離運動比較研究的兩個案例,進行民族分離運動相關問題的探討,包括民族分離意識興起的原因以及影響分離運動往不同路徑發展的因素。由於俄羅斯屬於前社會主義國家,國家體制曾經歷轉型的過程,因此除了具有一般民族問題的特質外,還必須將多重轉型的特殊性列入考量。 除了原生差異與政經利益考量的工具性訴求外,社會主義國家特有的聯邦制與本土化政策也促使民族意識興起,創造了潛在的民族分離團體。當中央的控制力有了鬆懈的跡象,分離意識便有了發揮的空間,分離運動隨之爆發。 韃靼共和國與車臣共和國分離運動的比較研究證明,作為動員基礎的原生性條件以及工具性訴求僅是影響分離運動發展的次要因素,由於領導人的動員可以決定分離運動發展的方向,因此領導人的策略抉擇才是影響分離運動發展的關鍵因素。而在蘇聯末期政治不穩定的局勢中,由誰來主導分離運動的發展相當程度受到莫斯科、原共和國執政者與民族主義力量三角關係的影響。 韃靼共和國的分離運動由立場溫和的夏米耶夫主導,在不斷的妥協談判後,最終以雙邊條約的方式界定與俄羅斯聯邦的關係,創造了「韃靼模式」,分離運動得到平息。相較之下,車臣共和國的分離運動在杜達耶夫激進的領導風格下一步步朝向完全獨立與脫離俄羅斯聯邦的方向發展。如此極端的立場當然不容於莫斯科。為了維護俄羅斯聯邦領土的完整性,莫斯科最後發動戰爭來解決車臣問題。在整個分離運動的發展過程中,領導者的策略決定了分離運動的發展,可見領導者的路線抉擇才是影響分離運動發展最關鍵的因素。 / This thesis focuses on national separatism in former socialist countries and takes Tatarstan and Chechnya for a case study. My research seeks to answer several questions, such as where did the separatist group originate from? Why did nationalist movements explode? How to explain different attitudes towards secession? I argue that primordial attachment and instrumental consideration about interests are the important causes shaping separatist groups. In the cases of former socialist countries, however, it is necessary to take the institutional factor into consideration, that is-ethnic federalism and korenizatsiya. All these elements combined to create the potential secessionist groups. Once the coercive controls formerly imposed by the central authority were removed, the previously repressed national groups inevitably reemerged and led the secessionist movement. The comparative analysis of the secessionist movements in Tatarstan and Chechnya proves that primordial and instrumental factors can only explain the emergence of secessionist movements, however they are of little significance when it comes to explaining the divergent paths of the movements. What matters more is the leadership’s strategy. The crucial problem is who will lead the secessionist movements? In the chaotic years leading up to the collapse of the Soviet Union, it was the triangular relations among Moscow, republican leadership and secessionist movement that determined the exact leader of the secessionist movement. In our cases, the moderate Shamiev led Tatarstan’s separatism by negotiation and was able to reach agreement with Moscow on a new Sovereignty Treaty. This pattern later came to be called the “Tatarstan Model”. After that, the secession in Tatarstan quieted down. In sharp contrast, Dudaev pursued a radical strategy and sought Chechnya’s complete independence from the Russian Federation. To defend his integrity of territory, Moscow dispatched Russian troops to quell this separatist republic. Leadership strategy thus determined the outcome of secessionist movements, and the choice of leaders proved crucial in the whole process.
2

車臣、新疆與菲南之分離意識與恐怖主義活動─文明衝突在伊斯蘭文明斷層線之再檢視 / Separation and Terrorism in Chechenya, Xinjiang and Southern Philippine: Conflict of Civilization on Islam fault line

劉宇軒, Liu, Yu Hsuan Unknown Date (has links)
本論文藉由研究車臣、新疆及菲律賓南部分離意識與恐怖主義活動之成因,檢視文明衝突理論在個案之適用性。首先從個案衝突發展之歷史背景著手,再以資料庫檢視內部衝突之原因,最後檢討內部、外部因素及種族政治因素對個案衝突的影響並做出文明衝突理論並未比其他政治性因素更能解釋衝突產生之原因的結論。 主要研究發現如下:(1)未發現「文明衝突」對個案衝突而言未具一致性的解釋力,衝突的發生與個案歷史背景、種族文化、內部及外部政治因素有關。(2)宗教的教義是可以被政治所影響的,甚至是為政治而服務的。(3)國家與團體的「利益」仍為影響衝突發生之重要因素。(4)個案專制或民主政體內部因政治體制的不同,使得人民在選擇衝突的形式上會有所不同。(5)雖然同屬伊斯蘭教,同時具有分離意識與恐怖主義,但個案恐怖主義活動發展現況並不相同。(6)「文明」的分類過於簡化。(7)個案確實存在文化上的衝突,但不至於演變成全球性的「文明衝突」。(8)伊斯蘭教本身並非恐怖主義的溫床,但確實有分離運動或恐怖主義組織利用伊斯教來團結群眾、招募人力、獲取國際資金來源或鞏固其領導勢力之情形。
3

從民族主義到恐怖主義-以車臣共和國作分析(一九九○年至二○○四年) / From Nationalism to Terrorism - An Analysis of Chechen Republic(1990~2004)

林長杰, Lin,Chang-chieh Unknown Date (has links)
民族主義和恐怖主義是近代歷史上最重要的兩種意識形態,而兩者根據切入角度不同而有許多的定義和類型。本文主要是透過政治系統理論來連結民族主義和恐怖主義的關係,並創造出由民族主義而來的恐怖主義類型-民族主義型恐怖主義。之後,再以車臣共和國在帝俄、蘇聯到俄羅斯聯邦統治下的這段歷史來作分析,來證明現今因車臣共和國所產生之恐怖主義屬於民族主義型恐怖主義。最後,從俄羅斯民族政策、聯邦改革政策和美國反恐政策等各種面向來探討俄羅斯如何利用政策和國際情勢來解決因民族主義運動所衍生而來的車臣恐怖主義。 / Nationalism and terrorism are the two most important ideologies in modern times, and the two also have many different definitions and types of variations according to the different angle. This text mainly links the relation between nationalism and terrorism through the political system theory and creates the terrorism type which comes through nationalism - nationalism of terrorism. And then the history of the Chechen Republic under the rules of tsarist Russia, Soviet Union and Russian Federation is analyzed in order to prove that the terrorism which was created by the current Chechen Republic is a kind of nationalism of terrorism. Finally, following the various aspects of Russian national policy, federal reform policy and United States' anti-terrorism policy is a discussion of how Russia utilizes the policies and international situation to solve terrorism which derived from nationalism.
4

後冷戰時期歐盟與俄羅斯合作關係之研究 / The Cooperative Relationship Between the EU and Russia in the Post Cold War Era

楊爵鴻, Yang, Johong Unknown Date (has links)
冷戰結束改變歐洲的政治和戰略版圖,歐洲與俄羅斯希望在後冷戰時期建立多極體系,避免以美國為主的單極體系出現,雙方在經濟與政治上逐步發展伙伴合作關係,希望削弱美國在歐陸的影響力,並增強雙方在國際上的競爭力。然而,歐俄間在北約東擴、歐盟東擴、車臣問題、加里寧格勒問題上又存在許多衝突。因此,後冷戰時期歐俄雙邊主要特徵如下:既競爭又協調、既爭奪又合作、既對抗又妥協。本文欲針對以下幾個問題加以討論: 1.後冷戰時期使歐盟與俄羅斯改變過去的敵對狀態發展合作關係的因素為何? 2.目前歐盟與俄羅斯的合作關係為何? 3.影響歐俄合作關係的變數為何? 本文主要採用歷史研究法、內容分析法與理性選擇分析法等三種方法來進行研究,並且運用現實主義的理論分析後冷戰時期歐俄建構合作關係的成因,以新功能主義的觀念解釋歐俄從經濟的合作逐漸轉為政治的合作的歷程、並且以新自由制度主義的理論討論歐俄合作機制的架構。本論文由五個章節組成:第一章緒論、第二章歐盟與俄羅斯的關係、第三章歐盟與俄羅斯合作關係之評估、第四章影響未來歐盟與俄羅斯合作關係之變數、第五章結論。
5

俄羅斯中央與地方關係,1992~1999 / Russian Center-periphery Relations, 1992~1999

陳慶輝, Chen, Ching-Hui Unknown Date (has links)
俄羅斯聯邦是一個多民族國家,共有一百多個不同的民族生活在俄羅斯這塊土地上。這些少數民族有著自己的語言與文化,一有機會即想脫離俄羅斯獨立。尤其是車臣與韃靼斯坦這類文化差異較大的民族,一心渴望擁有自己主權。除了少數民族的獨立要求外,俄羅斯聯邦仍必須應付境內的地方主義聲浪。主要是因為俄羅斯的聯邦體制是由民族聯邦與區域聯邦結合而成的,境內有以民族為基礎的聯邦主體,同時也有以行政區域為劃分基礎的主體。 蘇聯晚期,俄羅斯總統葉爾欽為了與戈巴契夫爭權,喊出「你能夠拿多少主權就拿多少」的口號,各加盟共和國紛紛通過國家主權宣言,俄羅斯聯邦境內亦興起分離獨立氣氛。為了解決問題,葉爾欽於1992年3月與各聯邦主體分別簽署了3個聯邦條約,開始對中央與地方的權利義務關係作了說明。隨著政治情勢的變化,俄羅斯聯邦於1993年12月12日通過新憲法,明確的規範了中央與地方各自的權力,自此權力的行使有了依循的標準;1994年發生車臣戰爭,突顯出憲法無法解決所有問題,於是依據各主體需要簽訂的雙邊條約出現了,首先是俄韃條約,謂之「韃靼模式」。至此俄羅斯的聯邦體制大致完成。 俄羅斯聯邦體制的運作仍然存在許多問題,不論是在政治方面、經濟方面,甚或法律制度方面尚有不夠完善的地方。再加上地方主體的種類繁多,經濟條件、政治情況及文化取向差異甚大,影響著主體對聯邦關係的看法。因此要解決聯邦問題,就必須從制度上的缺陷及地方主體的態度來著手進行。 / Russian federation is a multi-national state, there are more than one hundred kinds of races. These minority races have their own culture and language, they desire to be independent from Russian federation, especially Chechenya and Tarstan. Besides independent demand, there still have localism in Russian federation. In Russian federation, there are two kinds of federal subject. One is ethno subject which based on races different from Russian, the other is territorial subject. Late years in Soviet Union, Russian president Yeltsin in order to struggle with Gorbachev, he said:“swallow what you can get”. Meanwhile, the Union Republics declare their sovereignty. The atmosphere in Russian federation is chaotic. To solve the problem, Yeltsin sighed three federal treaty with all subjects and define the right between center and subjects. Then 1993 passed the Russian Constitution, 1994 Chechen war exploded, that means constitution not suitable for every subject. Yeltsin decided to sign bilateral treaty with subjects, first one is Tartarstan Republic, called “Tartarstan Model”. Russian federal system still has several problems in politic, economic, and law, institution. Besides 89 subjects are so distinguished, their political condition, economic situation, culture are so different, all this affect their perception about federal relation.

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