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我國會計師輪調可行性之研究 / An Exploratory Study of the Implementation of Auditor Rotation in Taiwan劉崢嶸, Liu, Jeng-Rong Unknown Date (has links)
財務報表能否公正表達企業的真實情況,將直接或間接影響到報表使用者的經濟決策及社會資源之分配。而會計師能否成功扮演公眾保護者的角色,並獨立而客觀的對於財務報表表示意見,將直接影響到財務報表之品質。會計專業評論者即提出強制會計師輪調是解決會計師因與客戶間的長期關係而導致失去獨立性與專業上懷疑的手段。
目前全世界已有部份國家(如:意大利、西班牙和以色列)實施會計師事務所間輪調(audit firm rotation )。而美國則自1977年起即由AICPA規定會計師事務所內合夥人須每七年輪調一次(即audit partner rotation)。在台灣,目前會計師的獨立性及審計品質日益受到重視,但會計師輪調的議題卻鮮少有人探討。所以,本論文以問卷調查的方式,徵詢會計師界、上市上櫃公司會計部門經理、主管機關證期會人員及證券業人士之意見,並參考過去有關會計師輪調及審計之文獻來探討會計師輪調在台灣實施之可行性。
問卷結果發現:(1)從整體的角度而言,不同受測群體對於會計師輪調能促使會計師更客觀衡量財務報表的功能大都持正面的看法。所以,會計師輪調就理論面而言是一項立意良善的制度。(2)就事務所間的會計師輪調之可行性而言,雖然主管機關及財務報表使用者都贊成實施,但是可以預見的,會引起大部份的事務所的反對。從本次研究發現,公司亦是持反對事務間輪調意見者居多。所以,未來若要實施事務所間的會計師輪調,可能會遭遇相當大的阻力。(3)事務所內會計師輪調則為事務所及公司較能接受的方式。 / An Exploratory Study of the Implementation of Auditor Rotation in Taiwan
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台灣地區護理人員工作輪調之研究 / A study on the job rotation of nurse in Taiwan范珮愉 Unknown Date (has links)
面對醫療環境競爭程度上升,護理專業多元化的需求與日俱增,工作輪調遂成為當前多數醫院為提升護理專業多元性以及醫院人力彈性之重要培訓方法。台灣地區的臨床護理人員工作輪調制度在醫院計畫及執行,迄今將屆20年,但護理人員對工作輪調之意願卻鮮少為人探討。故本研究以台灣地區之地區醫院以上之護理人員為研究對象,並採用結構式問卷調查法,共回收有效問卷123份,針對護理人員對工作輪調的認同度、護理人員認為工作輪調對其個人及醫院的影響,以及對工作輪調之意見進行敘述性統計分析,並且藉由相關性分析、階層迴歸分析法分析護理人員的年資、已輪調次數、認為工作輪調對個人專業知能及職務升遷之影響、參與工作輪調之意願、理想的輪調頻率等變數,提供台灣地區各醫院設計工作輪調制度之參考依據,以有力提升醫院競爭力。
本研究結果顯示護理人員對於醫院的工作輪調制度認同度普遍偏低;在工作輪調對個人的影響方面,認為對專業知能、工作歷練會有好的影響,對身心調適及家庭生活有不好的影響;對醫院的影響方面,護理人員認為工作輪調只對醫院培訓人才有好的影響。此外,護理人員亦認為工作輪調最適宜在年終考績之後施行,且最適宜的頻率為每二~三年一次;而所有接受工作輪調的護理人員則佔全院之五分之一最為適宜。工作輪調實施標準則應依個人意願、工作專長或任職同一職務達一定年資而定。此外,護理人員尚認為實施工作輪調會產生業務銜接與適應困難、人員焦慮不安,以及人際關係必須重建等負面情形;而實施工作輪調時,必要的配套措施為完善的培訓措施、明確的輪調法規,及各單位應備有工作說明書。在研究假設驗證方面,則顯示護理人員已輪調次數愈多,其對“工作輪調對個人職務升遷影響之認知”愈為負面;而護理人員對“工作輪調對個人專業知能影響之認知”愈正面,其參與工作輪調之意願愈高;護理人員對“工作輪調對個人職務升遷影響之認知”愈為正面,其參與工作輪調之意願愈高。
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法務部及所屬機關兩地夫妻與家庭關係-以工作輪調制度為例 / Family relationships of two-location couples employed by Ministry of Justice and the subordinating agencies–an example of job rotation system李宜璇, Lee I-Hsuan Unknown Date (has links)
兩地家庭已成為臺灣一種新的家庭型態之一,其成因,各有因素,其中ㄧ種原因係特殊職業別的工作輪調制度所造成。在這種情況下形成的兩地家庭,對於當事人和其家庭而言,可說是較無選擇性的,以公務人員為例,此種職業相較於其他職業較具有永業性的,亦即一旦投入公務人員行列,絕大部分的人都繼續從事這份職業直到退休,因此在這種職業別下設有跨地區的工作輪調制度,大部分的人不論是否出於自願,均得接受工作的調整,然而對於已經組成家庭的人而言,跨地區的工作輪調制度多半會形成兩地家庭,其家庭關係、夫妻關係、親子關係會有什麼衝擊及影響?以及面臨何種問題?都是值得深究的課題。
本研究採質性研究之深度訪談法。研究對象總數共計8人,均為現服務於法務部及所屬各機關之公務人員,夫妻其中一方或雙方曾經因法務部之工作輪調,造成兩地夫妻,且當時兩地婚姻的狀態至少持續6個月以上並育有1個以上子女。
經分析訪談資料後,研究發現綜述如下:
一、雖有準備、有異其他家庭:因法務部暨所屬機關工作之特殊性而設有輪調制度,雖然對於將來有可能會成為兩地家庭的情形已有心理準備,但兩地家庭與其他類型家庭生活的不同,包括平日溝通無法見面,只能依賴電話聯繫、無法陪伴配偶、子女等。
二、適應與否、有賴內外支持:分隔兩地的夫妻雙方對於生活適應程度與是否有內在、外在支援有關係,因本研究訪談對象大部分分隔兩地家庭的子女年齡均較小,且多為學齡前兒童,因此由夫妻其中一方要獨力負起照顧幼兒的責任,負擔是相當重的。
三、工作繁重、另一半亦心憂:如果同時還有工作,照顧小孩更是分身術,另一方在異地工作也會擔心家中的情況。
四、時空乖隔、噓寒問暖不易:分隔兩地對於配偶和子女未能朝夕相處,減少感情聯繫,多了疏離感。
依據本研究發現,提出以下建議:
一多加溝通:建議在進入分隔兩地的生活前,應該充分和家人溝通和討論,降低分隔兩地對家庭的衝擊。
二接受支援:本研究建議適時接受內在、外在的支援可以減輕兩地家庭的生活壓力。
三常保聯繫:因此建議保持聯繫、常常溝通、定期相聚,強化夫妻關係以及和子女的關係。
四有賴有司:因工作性質特殊,同仁需配合工作歷練而調動造成的兩地家庭,建議機關可以提供住宿、交通費補貼、彈性請假制度、調動時尊重個人意願等協助,幫助同仁及其家人早日適應兩地生活,減輕壓力,讓同仁無後顧之憂。 / Economic and social transformation has created great impact and change on life, including wider disparity between wealth and poor and emergence of M-shaped society. To earn a living, it is more and more common to seek job opportunities in other places or for both spouses to be in work, which is the cause of two-location families that are more and more prevailing and have become a new family trend in Taiwan.
This study is to discuss one of the reasons for two-location families to emerge – the rotation system of particular occupations – which researchers consider less optional for the party involved and their families. For example, compared with other occupations, being civil servants is a relatively permanent career; that is, once being a civil servant, the majority stay until they retire. No matter they are voluntary or not, most civil servants have to accept the change of rotational relocation in their position. However, for those who have families, rotational relocation will lead to two-location families and it can't be neglected how the phenomenon will impact family relationship, spousal relationship, parent-child relationship and what problem will therefore occur.
In-depth interview of qualitative research is adopted in this study. The interview subjects are 8 civil servants currently employed in Ministry of Justice and the subordinating agencies and one or both of each couple was once rotationally relocated due to work, causing l two-location families that lasted for at least 6 months and raised at least 1 child. After the interview data are analyzed, findings discovered are summarized as follows:
1.Even though likelihood of two-location family due to particularity of the rotation system in Ministry of Justice and the subordinating agencies has been expected, two-location family is different from other types of family, including relying only on telephone but not face-to-face communication or not being able to accompany the spouse or children. So, sufficient communication and discussion with family members are recommended before living separately to reduce impact on the family.
2.Is internal or external support related with how long-distance spouses get accustomed to life? Because most interview subjects in this study have relatively young children in two-location families, most of whom are pre-school kids, it is a rather heavy burden for one spouse to shoulder responsible alone to take care of young children, to say nothing of being torn between looking after them and work. Besides, the spouse working in the other place will be worried about the family. So, it is recommended in this research that appropriately accepting internal or external support can relieve life pressure of being a two-location family.
3.Long distance causes alienation between spouses and children so it is recommended to stay in contact, frequently communicate and regularly gather together to strengthen spousal and parent-child relationship.
4.Due to particularity of work, fellow employees have to be relocated based on work experiences, which leads to two-location families. Therefore, it is recommended that government organizations can provide accommodation, transportation subsidies and a flexible system for taking leaves as well as respect personal choice for relocation to help fellow workers and their families to get accustomed to living in two places and relieve pressure. Also, it can help fellow workers devote themselves to work without any further concern.
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我國大學圖書館館員工作輪調之研究 / A Study on the Job Rotation of University Librarians in Taiwan徐淑琳 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在瞭解大學圖書館館員對工作輪調制度的觀感、輪調實施的意見、工作輪調對圖書館及館員個人產生的影響、館員的個人特性對輪調看法的差異以及瞭解大學圖書館館長對工作輪調制度的看法,以期作為我國大學圖書館規劃及實施工作輪調的參考。
為達成研究目的,本研究採用問卷調查法及訪談法。首先以電話普查國內各公私立大學圖書館過去五年(民86-90年)是否實施工作輪調,針對實施輪調的24所大學圖書館依館員人數多寡分三層,以分層隨機抽樣的方式每層抽樣3所學校,對抽樣的9所大學圖書館館員實施問卷調查,並訪談抽樣學校的館長。
研究結果發現,對輪調制度的觀感上:受訪的館員大多數贊成實施工作輪調;不贊成新進人員、較高學歷者、工作表現較佳者調動頻率較高;贊成對於主管安排的調動,若個人無工作輪調的意願,可能會造成主管負面的印象。在工作輪調制度實施的意見上:多數贊成暑假期間實施;館員輪調頻率以三年一次、主管為四年一次最好;輪調的比率以五分之一為宜;館員認為工作輪調標準的考量以「依館員輪調的意願」、「依館員個人專長」、「擔任同一職務的年資」為前三高;館員感受實際工作輪調的標準,前三高為「依館員的意願」、「以制度為主,但尊重個人意願」、「依照制度規定」;輪調的方式較偏好計畫性輪調;不適合輪調的職務以「系統管理」、「會計」、「秘書」為前三高。工作輪調的影響上:工作輪調對個人及圖書館整體產生的影響大多為正面的影響,對個人的影響以「對圖書館整體的了解」、「專業知識」、「激發潛能」為前三個正面的影響;對圖書館整體的影響以「人員培訓」、「經驗傳承」及「防止弊端」為前三個正面影響。研究結果也發現不同教育程度、年齡、年資的受訪者,對實施工作輪調的態度沒有差異。此外,從訪談結果得知,主管的態度主導工作輪調;工作輪調辦法有利於確立制度但缺乏彈性;輪調的實施多數尊重館員的意願;良好的溝通協調是輪調實施成效的關鍵;在職訓練、工作手冊是實施工作輪調的基礎工作。
根據研究結果從三方面提出建議。在工作輪調的心態上:1.應強調積極正面的工作輪調精神;2.鼓勵館員勇於接受挑戰以促進自我成長。在工作輪調的執行上:1.建立較具彈性的輪調制度;2.尊重館員輪調的意願,以溝通協調並化解歧見;3.提供相關訓練,建立完整的個人資歷檔案;4.工作輪調經驗列入升遷的考量標準之一;5.輪調應執行後續評鑑;6.落實職務代理制度。在圖書館工作輪調計畫上:應建立館員個人資歷檔案、編製工作說明書及工作手冊、規範工作輪調的內容,包括輪調實施的時間、頻率、執行方式、輪調的比例、不適合輪調的職務。
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準強制性會計師輪調與盈餘反應係數之關聯性研究賴盈真 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要探討準強制性會計師輪調機制與客戶公司審計品質(以盈餘反應係數為代理變數)的關聯性,並藉由檢視在此機制下有進行會計師輪調之公司與未進行會計師輪調之公司的盈餘反應係數、會計師輪調後後續年度的盈餘反應係數以及採行所間/所內會計師輪調的盈餘反應係數來檢視準強制性會計師輪調機制對審計品質的潛在影響力,進而瞭解該機制的實施成效。
本研究發現,雖然迴歸結果顯示有進行會計師輪調樣本之盈餘反應係數大於未進行會計師輪調樣本的盈餘反應係數,投資大眾認為有進行會計師輪調之公司其審計品質優於未進行會計師輪調之公司,與本研究之預期方向相符;但由於結果並未達顯著水準,表示在投資人心中,準強制性會計師輪調機制並未對公司審計品質造成太大的影響。就輪調之後續年度審計品質變化而言,在輪調後第一年及第二年的盈餘反應係數較輪調當年度為低;雖然結果不顯著,卻顯示市場認知的審計品質在會計師輪調後初期有下降的現象,可能是投資人認為繼任會計師在查核初期對受查者事業的不熟悉,將導致審計品質下降所致。
就事務所間輪調與事務所內輪調之效果而言,本研究的實證結果指出投資人認為在應輪調年度採行會計師所間輪調較所內輪調更能提昇審計品質,但結果亦不顯著。至於在所間輪調下,事務所規模是否會影響審計品質之問題探討,根據所間輪調樣本的營運狀況與財務比率,本研究發現選擇將查核會計師由非四大會計師事務所更換至四大會計師事務所的公司擁有較佳的營運狀況與財務體質,與大眾直覺及預期相符。 / This study is mainly discussing the association between quasi-mandatory auditor rotation system in Taiwan and the audit quality (use earnings response coefficient, ERC, as proxy) of company by examining the ERC of companies that do not rotate their audit-partner versus companies that rotate their audit-partner under this system, analyzing the change of ERC in the follow-up years after audit-partner rotation, and comparing the difference of ERC between audit-firm rotation and audit-partner rotation.
The empirical results indicate that, although insignificant, investors perceive the audit quality of companies which rotate their audit-partner is better than the audit quality of the companies that do not rotate. This means, in investors’ thought, the quasi-mandatory auditor rotation system doesn’t work in audit quality promotion. For the change of the audit quality in the years after audit-partner rotation, this study finds out the audit quality the market perceived will go down in the first and the second year after audit-partner rotation due to the successors’ unfamiliarity with their clients. Furthermore, the result insignificantly points out that the public think audit-firm rotation is more useful in audit quality improving than audit-partner rotation.
As to the question that whether the scale of audit firm influence audit quality, the evidence from the operation data and financial ratio of audit-firm rotated sample in this study suggests that the companies which rotate their audit-partner from non-Big4 to Big4 have superior operational performance and sounder financial condition than companies rotate their audit-partner in other ways. This result is consistent with the intuition of the public and the expectation of this study.
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臺北市高中圖書館人員之專業資格與任用研究 / A research on professional qualifications and appointments of senior high school library staff in Taipei City呂睦卿, Lu, Mu Ching Unknown Date (has links)
本研究在探討目前臺北市高中圖書館人員具備專業資格之情形,以及學校相關人士對高中圖書館人員任用之意見,藉此分析高中圖書館人員任用資格及職系的適切性,以提出高中圖書館人員任用及專業知能提昇上之建議。本研究對臺北市28所公立高中圖書館進行問卷調查,瞭解各校圖書館業務分組、人員專業資格與任用之現況;並透過訪談瞭解學校人員對高中圖書館專業人力配置、人員任用、學校職系規劃、職員輪調制度及專業知能提昇之看法。
研究結果顯示,高中圖書館人員之主要任務為支援教學及協助學習,甚具專業性;人力的專業性在圖書館之經營管理上具有顯著差異,而積極與熱忱的個人特質更是為圖書館人員深化服務之要素。為達成核心任務、健全教學資源中心發展,實應明訂高中圖書館之分組編制及配置圖書資訊專業人員,但法規制度的不夠周延造成目前高中圖書館仍嚴重缺乏專業人力配置,且分組受限、職務權責劃分亦造成資訊人力配置之現況難以深入支援教學資源中心之發展。在人員任用方面,學校主管認為圖書館組長及職員應比照主任,具有專業知能規範,且圖書館專門科目20學分提供了教師兼任圖書館工作者獲得專業知識及資格之重要途徑;高中學校需落實圖書資訊職系設立,且不宜參與學校一般行政人員之輪調,以期專才專用,發揮人才培育的價值。在提昇專業知能方面,繼續教育之型態未來可朝向數位課程發展,以突破人力不足及進修管道缺乏影響人員專業知能提昇之困境。
最後建議,為解決高中圖書人員任用困境,現階段紓解專業人力資源不足之可行方式如下:透過人力資源整合,集眾人之力使知識技能互補而多元;善用數位學習方式及適時搭配實體課程,提供多元圖書資訊進修管道,並鼓勵圖書館工作人員參與進修、組織學習社群,以提昇專業知能、促進專業成長。而更積極的作為是:加強與校長進行溝通,使其瞭解圖書館的功能與價值,以獲得校長對圖書館專業發展的支持;最重要的是能由法規政策進行專業資格制度、圖書資訊職系設立的落實,以獲得圖書資訊專業人力的資源;考量高中圖書館的專業發展,未來建立認證制度以作為專業能力的證明將有其必要性。 / The purpose of reserach is to discuss the librarian’s qualification of senior high school in Taipei city and the current school staff’s opinion on librarian appointment of senior high school, so as to analyize the qualification and job relevance of librarian of senior high school then to make suggestion on librarian appoinment and their professional knowledge improvement. The research implements questionnaries to libraries of twenty eight national senior high schools to realize the library grouping, staff ‘s professional qualification and the appointment of each school; meanwhile, through interviewing and investigating school staff’s opinion on human resource arrangemnt , employment, grade planning, personnel rotation system and professional knowledge improvement.
The result shown librarian’s major task is to support teaching, help learning, which combines profession, the professions of human resource in the library management have significant difference and the positive and sincere individual personality is the factor that deepens the service of librarian. For achieving core task and completing the development of teaching resource center, to set up a professional personnel arrangement in the library is needed; however, the regulation is not complete which causes the insufficient professional staff arrangement in the senior high school library; moreover, the current arrangement of information human resource is not able to develop in the supporting learning resource center due to limited grouping and job responsibility division. From personnel appointment; currently, school staff think librarian director and the staff should follow the precedent of director to have professional knowledge; furthermore, the library specialized subject of 20 credits provides teachers who also work at library an important access to obtain professional knowledge and qualification; it is necessary to set up a library and information job system and which is not allowed to have job rotation so that specialized staff can elaborate their profession well and the value of human resource can be developed. In the part of enhancing professional knowledge, further education could be developed toward to digital courses so as to break through the difficulty of insufficient human resource and the access of further education.
The classified results suggest, in order to resolve the problem of librarian appointment of senior high school; currently, the available method are as followings: from integration of human resource to combine the power of the general public which enables the knowledge skill to be more complementary and diversified; making the best of digital learning method and properly collocating with substantive course to provide diversified further education accesses of library and information and also to encourage librarian to participate in further study and learning group to enhance their professional knowledge and facilitate their professional growth. The more positive ways are: to strengthen the communication with the school principal to make him more understand the function and value of library then to obtain his support to develop the profession of library; the most significant is to carry out the profession system and job system of library and information so as to obtain the professional human resource of library and information; to consider the professional development of library and to set up a certification system for certificating the profession in the future would be necessary.
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個人特質對接受職務調整意願之影響 / The Impacts of Individual Characteristics on People’s Willingness to Accept Job Rotations.洪美秋, Hung, Mei Chiou Unknown Date (has links)
近年來政府機關為提升行政效能與國家競爭力,積極運用「職務輪調制度」及「組織改造」以精簡組織人力,迫使人員改變既有熟識環境及伙伴關係,致提高其離職意願;然個人日常生活、工作態度與工作動機等行為表現均受到個人特質所影響,且面對風險之決策行為亦與個人心理預期有絕對關係;故個人風險傾向、官僚人格特質與公共服務動機差異會影響個人在工作上行為,也會影響個人職業選擇及生涯規劃。
本研究係以民國100年新北市政府民政局委託中國地方自治學會辦理新北市行政區劃調整規劃案為個案,而以依變項接受改變意願為主軸,分別對影響行為意願之「個人因素」及「組織因素」等自變項進行探討,以了解行政區劃調整是否因個人風險傾向、官僚人格特質、公共服務動機及預期職務調整效益等變項考量,影響接受職務調整之意願,進而轉換其職業行為模式。
本研究係以新北市各區公所主管人員為研究對象,對所有對象發放問卷,共發出268份問卷;採用敘述性統計進行個人基本統計變項分析,及運用卡方檢定、t檢定、變異數分析、相關性分析及迴歸分析等推論性統計進行差異性與關聯性分析,進而提出下列研究發現:一、區公所主管人員個人風險偏好以風險趨避者居多,且其接受職務調整意願影響之程度受到行政區域調整規劃案干擾;二、具保守者官僚人格特質之區公所主管人員較不接受職務調整意願,兩者具負向因果關係;三、區公所主管人員公共服務動機有逐漸削弱趨勢,致與職務調整接受意願無顯著因果關係;四、區公所主管人員對職務調整之預期效益會影響接受職務調整意願,兩者具正向因果關係;五、區公所主管人員接受職務調整意願頗高,且偏愛以各區公所間輪調安排模式。最後,提出建議予政府當局施政之參考,期使執行行政區劃機關提升政策實行效益。
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