歷來相關研究對《莊子》的儒者形象，已存有既定的見解。這些定見所衍生的種種觀念，往往充斥於人們的認知之中，習以為常，猶不自覺。作者引論首先從對真偽認知的觀點，挑戰此種慣性思維，透過假說、立論、辨析、反思的過程，指出過往缺憾，從而攫取原貌。 作者以歷代莊學注疏作為解析包含儒者身影的四十五則對話，以蘭克以後的各種史學理論薰染儒者形象變化、彌存之邊界遷移軌跡，打破以單一人物、原書篇目為單位的架構，將對話內容劃歸三種主題呈現：其一、道術；其二、名實；其三、命與天道。 綜論中的三項議題與前四章互為表裡，是本文範圍的延伸論述，從形象的虛實，到莊、孔(道、儒)關係的古老課題之中，並追述司馬遷、朱熹、林希逸等人物面對《莊子》的心態及立場，建立一種相互理解的空間。作者並不作出優劣之分或高下之別，一切是非對錯本是相生共存。 這是一種對此古老問題的新型論述，同時，也是對過往舊說的總合。 / Historically there are already existed decided views about that Confucianism image of Zhaung–zi. These views have flooded in people's cognition, and they were used to know without thinking. For this reason, this article has had to put a query at these views. It is a way to catch the facts through analyzing and the study of predecessors. The author not only analyzes forty-five conversations of Confucianism image in historical annotations of Zhaung-zi but adopts theories that the opposite of Ranke to explain the changes of Confucianism image. This thesis could be separated into three parts. The first part is about Tao between Zhaung -zi and Confucianism, it includes two chapters. The second part is about a name must be have its actual content or not. In the third part, the author tries to discuss Destiny and tian Dao. The three subjects of synthetic discussion and four chapters are a form with each other inside. They are extensions of this thesis. It includes image of reality and purely imagination, and the interaction between Confucianism and Taoism. In the ancient issues, we could figure out their mindset and position about Si-Ma-Gian、Chu-His、Lin-His-I. And we could communicate with each other. The author doesn't declare which one is correct or incorrect. All of the right and wrong or true and false get coexistence mutually. This is a new treatise on the ancient problem, on the other hand, it will be the aggregation of the discussion of the end.

手稿本 / 論文(碩士)--香港中文大學,1971. / 參考文獻: p. 1-10(4th group) / 林章新. / 序論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章 --- 袁中郎之生平 --- p.3 / Chapter 一 --- 中郎事略 --- p.3 / Chapter 二 --- 中郎之生活 --- p.11 / Chapter 三 --- 中郎與政治 --- p.62 / Chapter 四 --- 中郎與佛教 --- p.78 / Chapter 五 --- 中郎與酒 --- p.99 / Chapter 第二章 --- 袁中郎與花道 --- p.113 / Chapter 一 --- 中華瓶花賞鑑述略 --- p.113 / Chapter 二 --- 中郎之花道論 --- p.118 / Chapter 第三章 --- 袁中郎之文學理論 --- p.160 / Chapter 一 --- 中郎文學理論背景 --- p.160 / Chapter 二 --- 中郎文學理論淵源 --- p.174 / Chapter 三 --- 中郎文學理論 --- p.194 / Chapter 甲 --- 通變論 --- p.194 / Chapter 乙 --- 尚質論 --- p.206 / Chapter 丙 --- 韻趣論 --- p.221 / Chapter 第四章 --- 袁中郎之文學 --- p.232 / Chapter 一 --- 中郎之古文 --- p.232 / Chapter 甲 --- 論文 / Chapter 乙 --- 序文 / Chapter 丙 --- 傳文 / Chapter 丁 --- 碑銘文 / Chapter 二 --- 中郎之小品文 --- p.269 / Chapter 甲 --- 小品文釋義 --- p.269 / Chapter 乙 --- 中郎與晚明小品 --- p.278 / Chapter 丙 --- 中郎小品文分論 --- p.308 / Chapter （一） --- 山水小品 / Chapter （二） --- 尺牘小品 / Chapter （三） --- 隨筆 / Chapter （四） --- 瓶史、觴政文論 / Chapter 三 --- 中郎詩論 --- p.439 / Chapter 甲 --- 中郎詩之內容 --- p.439 / Chapter 乙 --- 中郎詩之淵源及其風格 --- p.450 / Chapter 第五章 --- 袁中郎之影響 --- p.511 / Chapter 一 --- 公安派與竟陵派 --- p.511 / Chapter 甲 --- 竟陵派之文學理論 --- p.517 / Chapter 乙 --- 竟陵派之詩文 --- p.537 / Chapter 二 --- 袁中郎與清初文風 --- p.562 / Chapter 1 --- 金聖嘆 / Chapter 2 --- 李漁 / Chapter 3 --- 張潮 / Chapter 4 --- 袁枚 / Chapter 三 --- 袁中郎與東洋文學 --- p.607 / Chapter 第六章 --- 袁中郎昆仲之文學 --- p.645 / Chapter 一 --- 袁宗道 --- p.645 / Chapter 甲 --- 袁宗道事略 --- p.645 / Chapter 乙 --- 袁宗道之文學理論 --- p.649 / Chapter 丙 --- 袁宗道之文學 --- p.655 / Chapter 二 --- 袁中道 --- p.674 / Chapter 甲 --- 袁中道事略 --- p.674 / Chapter 乙 --- 袁中道之文學理論 --- p.674 / Chapter 丙 --- 袁中道之文學 --- p.690 / Chapter 第七章 --- 總評 --- p.717

道教教派雖自東漢即已出現，但教派與教理的創發卻主要在六朝時期，六朝之後即不斷地因襲著這樣的傳統，一直至宋元全真內丹學的興起才又開啟另一波教理的發展。所以多數的道教研究即以六朝為始，本論文即是如此。簡單地說，本論文的研究是以六朝上清經派中所提倡的存思法為核心，討論上清教徒對於世界與個人生命的看法，包括宇宙觀、人觀以及修法。 　　在宇宙觀的部分，主要討論宇宙的根源、宇宙的化生以及六朝時的末世意識：末世意識是存思修法進行時的背景情境；而宇宙的本源與化生則是存思法的依據。 　　在人的部分，同樣是以末世與修法問題意識底下，由生成論出發，討論人身中善與惡、生與死的力量。基本上可以作為上清教徒的人觀認識，但更為重要的是，人是操作存思法的主體，所以存思法的內容與人的身體與身神有著密切的關係，必須對人有一定的了解才能掌握存思法。 　　修法的部分包括形式研究與類型研究。形式研究希望能儘量地恢復當時上清修行的過程，也是補充部分修法簡略敘述的不足，使修法更為具體完整。類型研究則是透過對修法資料的整理與歸納，並配合教理而對修法所作的分類。大致上可以分為通神、記名、辟邪、固真四類，其中的辟邪、固真即與個人以及宇宙中的正邪力量相應。 　　簡單地說，存思法是一種透過內在想像所進行的儀式行為，在這些儀式的背後蘊含著完整的神話與教理思想，本文即透過存思法而探究這些神話思想。 第一章　緒論 第一節 研究動機與理論架構 一、末世意識與生命本質的思考 二、「本質□失落□重建□回歸」的歷程 三、修養理論的提出 四、問題點的提出 第二節 研究素材與前人研究成果 一、研究素材 二、前人研究成果 第三節 研究方法 第二章 宇宙論與末世情境 第一節 宇宙圖式 一、宇宙論述的歷史脈絡 二、末世論下的上清經派宇宙圖式 第二節 真靈、經典、宮府及其解救論意義 一、真靈 二、經典 三、諸天宮府 第三章 生成、罪穢與身神 第一節 生成論 一、生成的過程 二、尊神的生成意義與符籍的功能 第二節 胞結、尸鬼與魂魄 一、六天故氣的生成環境 二、胞胎結節 三、尸氣、尸鬼 四、魂魄 第三節 尊神與形軀 一、以尊神為主的身體論述 二、三元結構的尊神分布 三、以上元結構為主的身神 四、混合變化而成的尊神 第四章 修法的形式結構：入室－存思 第一節 靜室構造與入室儀軌 一、入室的時間 二、入室前的準備：法服、沐浴清齋 三、靜室的構造 四、入室儀軌 第二節 與存思配套的儀式行為 一、叩齒 二、咽液 三、禮祝 四、「叩齒□禮祝□叩齒□咽氣（液）」的次序 第五章 修法的類型與內容 第一節 通神：連繫宇宙的本體之一 一、專誠 二、啟願 三、隱朝上真 第二節 記名：連繫宇宙本體之二 一、運度天關 二、投簡記名 第三節 辟邪：抗拒生命中的負面力量 一、辟邪殺鬼 二、安鎮魂魄 三、胞胎解結 四、除罪削簡 五、解災度厄 第四節 固真：增強生命中的正面力量 一、存神煉形 二、混合變化 三、呼引日月 第六章 結論 一、關於宇宙論述 二、關於人的論述 三、關於存思法的論述 上清存思法研究資料彙編 附錄一：上清存思修法──時間篇 附錄二：「〈天師告南嶽夫人口訣入靜法〉研究」 附錄三：上清存思修法──目錄篇 附錄四：上清存思修法──內容篇 附錄五：上清存思修法類型表 引用書目

數據進入難民的夢想：社會責任與人道主義的業務流程外包之三方夥伴關係 / Data Entry Refugees Dreams is to sign a long-term tripartite partnership agreement with Digital Divide Data (DDD) and the Thai-Burma Border Consortium (TBBC). Data Entry Refugees’ Dreams will offer data entry services to customers outside the borders of the refugee camp with no need for them to go outside of the camp thanks to the internet and communication technology. As its name states, Refugees Dreams will represent an opportunity to make the dreams of refugees come true. Its employees will be 100% refugees who are living in Mae La Refugee Camp in Mae Sot, Thailand. To be recruited, the potential employees of Data Entry Refugees Dreams will have to possess basic Computing and English skills and have already obtained a high school diploma, which are the basic academic requisites for this kind of job. Also, they will have to convince the Management Team that they deserve to work for this company and that they are striving to make their dreams come true. They will have to write and present their dreams to the recruiters. The selected candidates will be those that have a clear plan to achieve their dreams, and those whose dreams will benefit the refugee community in general. The market size of data entry services is worldwide; there are not borders or limits for this kind of industry. Customers come from all over the world. According to a 2010 report prepared by the Asian-Oceanian Computing Industry Organization (ASOCIO) and the accounting firm Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler (KPMG), only India's IT-BPO market, which accounts for 51% of the global market shares, could be valued at as much as US $285 billion in the year 2020. Global demand for outsourcing services has been in constant rise at an average of 4.9% per annum since 2008, and is expected to continue until 2020, if not more. There is gross potential for a productive skilled work force, especially those at very low cost. The partnership with Digital Divide Data (DDD), will not only give Refugees’ Dream access to technology, equipment, experience and training but will also give access to a huge range of customers that choose DDD among other outsourcing companies because they want to make a difference and have identified that job creation is a good contribution to the solution to poverty and lack of development in some countries. TBBC will have a supporting role, in the sense that they will manage the budget of Refugees Dreams, will give management and legal support, and will manage the grants that will be possible thanks to the revenues generated by Refugees Dreams. Refugees Dreams will offer to its partners not only the access to a qualified, low cost, and in need of humanitarian assistance workforce, but also the accomplishment of their common goal of helping and assisting disadvantaged people By doing this, DDD will expand its social impact to a humanitarian impact since unlike its employees in Cambodia and Laos, refugees have no freedom of movement or transit in Thailand, or legal documents to apply for jobs. They have to remain within the borders of the camp where the humanitarian conditions are harsh; there is not enough food, medicine, education and opportunities. They are 100% dependent on humanitarian aid. The revenue that will be generated by Refugees Dreams will also benefit the other member of the tripartite agreement, the TBBC, because it will also support the efforts of TBBC in developing the refugee community of Mae La, which is part of their main objectives. The TBBC will manage the revenues obtained by the partnership to be distributed in the form of grants to the refugees who at the same time will receive training about entrepreneurship and savings from TBBC, as already implemented by their Entrepreneurship and saving project. Giving jobs to the refugees would have not only a social, but also a humanitarian impact which is recognized worldwide. With jobs, they not only gain economic independence, they gain dignity and the psychological effect of being productive and having a purpose in their life. They will also have a hope of change in their situation, since by receiving grants they will strive to see their dreams come true. Refugees Dreams is seeking seed capital of 113,650 USD, mostly to guarantee enough cash to assume the investment of equipment and the training required to start operations. Running cost cash expenditures are not required because the company will generate enough cash from the first month of operations to assume those payments. Refugees Dream projects a gross surplus of 425,211 USD in year one, representing a net surplus of USD 175,135 and an accumulated net income of USD 900, 035 after year five, with a NPV of USD 409,852.54 a payback within one year and an IRR of 175.51%. By establishing Data Entry Refugees Dreams, not only the 100 employees that are planned to be hired will be benefited. Take into consideration the Entrepreneurship Development, Grant and Savings project implemented by the Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) which grants USD 80.00 to each selected and trained refugee to start their own business. With the surplus of USD 175,135 Refugees Dreams would benefit 2,189 refugee families in the first year and as consequence motivate the development of their community. With the 179,063 USD of net income projected for year two, another 2238 refugee’ families would be benefited. By the end of year 5, the accumulated number of direct beneficiaries would amount to a total of 11, 350 families and a total of 22,700 indirect beneficiaries, summing 34,050 potential beneficiaries which represent more than 60% of the total refugee population of Mae La. Realizing the dreams of the refugees living in Mae La Camp is the main purpose of Refugees Dreams and that is how the success and impact will be measured. The number of dreams started will be the indicators, but the ones that will be achieved will represent the accomplishments and the fulfilment of Refugees Dreams’ Mission.

摘　要 跆拳道旋踢動作是現階段競賽中使用率及得分率最高的攻擊動作，具有快速度及多變化性的特色。因此本研究的主要目的是以分析比較跆拳道五種不同類型旋踢攻擊動作（前腳旋踢、滑步旋踢、上步旋踢、空中兩腳旋踢、360o背轉旋踢）的運動學與動力學之差異，其次為瞭解不同組別之間的差異性。研究中以16位跆拳道專長男選手（輕量級8名、重量級8名，各組之中又分為優秀組4名，一般組4名）為受試者，利用聲光反應器、加速規及多頻道擷取系統等儀器收集受試者五種旋踢動作之反應時間、攻擊速度、相對力量之訊號，並將所得資料以重複量數單因子變異數及獨立樣本T考驗進行各組之間的五種旋踢動作資料分析。獲致結果如下： 一、五種不同類型旋踢動作在運動學（反應時間）上具有差異，反應最快以滑步旋踢，最慢為360o背轉旋踢。在運動學（攻擊速度）上具有差異，以前腳旋踢最快，最慢為上步旋踢。 二、五種不同類型旋踢動作在動力學（相對力量）上具有差異，力量最大為360 o背轉旋踢，最小為空中兩腳旋踢。 三、以比較輕量級與重量級的五種不同類型旋踢動作之間在運動學（反應時間）上具有差異，只有前腳旋踢達到顯著差異，以輕量級選手的反應快於重量級選手。在運動學（攻擊速度）上則無差異，但以重量級的旋踢速度普遍快於輕量級選手。 四、以比較輕量級與重量級的五種不同類型旋踢動作之間在動力學（相對力量）上具有差異，只有前腳旋踢、360o背轉旋踢達到顯著差異，以輕量級選手大於重量級選手。 五、以比較優秀組與一般組的五種不同類型旋踢動作在運動學（反應時間）上則無差異，但以一般組的表現略優於優秀組。在運動學（攻擊速度）上則無差異，但以優秀組的旋踢速度普遍快於一般組選手。 六、以比較優秀組與一般組的五種不同類型旋踢動作在動力學（相對力量）上則無差異，但以優秀組的五種旋踢力量大於一般組選手。 / Abstract At the present stage of Taekwondo competition, the Roundhouse Kick, with its speed and diversity, is the mostoften used and highest-scoring attacking technique, The main objective of this study was to make a comparative analysis of the kinetics and kinematics of five different roundhouse kicks in Taekwondo, which are the Lead Leg Roundhouse Kicks, the Slide Roundhouse Kicks, the Rear Leg Step Roundhouse Kicks, the Jump Double Roundhouse Kicks, and the Backward Turn Roundhouse Kicks. A secondary objective was to compare the difference between the weight divisions. Sixteen male Taekwondo athletes participated in the study, split into the two groups of lightweights and heavyweights, with eight athletes in each group, which were further divided according to ability into two sub-groups of four athletes each; top-level athletes in one group and athletes of average ability in the other. The reaction time, attack speed and relative force of the test subjects for the five different Roundhouse Kicks were measured using reaction equipment, accelerometers, and Bio-pac system. The data obtained were analyzed using GLM-Repeated Measures and an independent-Sample T Test. The results were summarized as followed: 1. Differences were observed in reaction times of the five different roundhouse kicks. The Slide Roundhouse Kicks showed the fastest reaction time and the Backward Turn Roundhouse Kicks was the slowest. Differences were also observed in the attack speed of the five kicks, the Lead Leg Roundhouse Kick was the quickest and the Rear Leg Step Roundhouse Kicks was the slowest. 2. Differences were observed in the relative force of the different roundhouse kicks, the most powerful movement was the Backward Turn Roundhouse Kick and the weakest being the Jump Double Roundhouse Kick. 3. In comparing the differences of reaction time between the lightweights and the heavyweights for the roundhouse kicks. Only the Lead Leg Roundhouse Kick showed a significant difference, with the reaction time of the lightweights being quicker than that of the heavyweights. No significant difference was found as regards attack speed between the two weight divisions. Although the heavyweights were generally quicker than the lightweights. 4. In comparing the differences of relative force between the lightweights and the heavyweights for the five roundhouse kicks. Only the Lead Leg Roundhouse Kick and the Backward Turn Roundhouse Kick showed a significant difference, with the lightweights showing more power than the heavyweights. 5. In comparing the differences of reaction time between the top-level group and the average-ability group for the five roundhouse kicks, there was no significant difference observed, although the athletes of average ability were slightly quicker than the top level athletes. No significant difference was observed as regards attack speed between the groups, although the speed of the top level athletes was generally quicker than the average-ability athletes. 6. In comparing the differences of reaction time between the top level athletes an those of average ability for the five roundhouse kicks, no significant difference was observed, although the top level athletes generally showed greater power than those of average ability. / 目　錄 中文摘要------------------------------------------------------------ Ⅰ 英文摘要------------------------------------------------------------ Ⅲ 誌謝------------------------------------------------------------------ Ⅴ 目錄------------------------------------------------------------------ Ⅵ 表目錄--------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅷ 圖目錄--------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅸ 第壹章　緒　論 第一節　前言--------------------------------------------- 01 第二節　研究動機--------------------------------------- 03 第三節　研究目的--------------------------------------- 05 第四節　研究假設--------------------------------------- 06 第五節　研究範圍--------------------------------------- 07 第六節　研究限制--------------------------------------- 07 第七節　名詞解釋--------------------------------------- 08 第貳章　文獻探討 第一節　有關跆拳道賽場攻擊動作型態分析之研究-- 14 第二節　有關跆拳道動作技能測試之研究------------- 16 第參章　實驗方法與步驟 第一節　實驗對象--------------------------------------- 21 第二節　實驗時間與地點------------------------------- 22 第三節　實驗儀器及功能------------------------------ 22 第四節　實驗設計--------------------------------------- 25 第五節　場地佈置圖------------------------------------- 26 第六節　實驗步驟與流程------------------------------- 27 第七節　資料收集與處理------------------------------- 30 第肆章　結果與討論 第一節　五種旋踢攻擊動作之比較--------------------- 33 第二節　輕量級與重量級之比較----------------------- 42 第三節　優秀組與一般組之比較----------------------- 50 第伍章　結論與建議 第一節　結論--------------------------------------------- 58 第二節　建議--------------------------------------------- 59 參考文獻 中英文參考文獻------------------------------------------ 62 附錄 附錄一　受試者各種旋踢攻擊動作之相關資料資料-- 65 附錄二　受試者基本資料------------------------------- 70 附錄三　受試者須知------------------------------------- 72 附錄四　受試者同意書---------------------------------- 73 表 目 錄 表3-1　受試者基本資料------------------------------------------ 21 表4-1　不同組別在五種旋踢攻擊動作之相關資料------------ 32 表4-2　五種旋踢攻擊動作的反應時間之變異數摘要表------ 34 表4-3　五種旋踢攻擊動作的反應時間之成對比較摘要表----- 35 表4-4　五種旋踢攻擊動作的攻擊速度之變異數摘要表------ 36 表4-5　五種旋踢攻擊動作的攻擊速度之成對比較摘要表----- 37 表4-6　五種旋踢攻擊動作的相對力量之變異數摘要表------ 38 表4-7　五種旋踢攻擊動作的相對力量之成對比較摘要表----- 39 表4-8　輕、重量級在五種旋踢攻擊動作的反應時間之比較- 42 表4-9　輕、重量級在五種旋踢攻擊動作的攻擊速度之比較- 44 表4-10　輕、重量級在五種旋踢攻擊動作的相對力量之比較- 46 表4-11　優秀、一般組在五種旋踢攻擊動作的反應時間之比較 50 表4-12　優秀、一般組在五種旋踢攻擊動作的攻擊速度之比較 52 表4-13　優秀、一般組在五種旋踢攻擊動作的相對力量之比較 54 圖 目 錄 圖1-1　旋踢攻擊動作分解圖------------------------------------- 08 圖1-2　前腳旋踢攻擊動作分解圖------------------------------- 08 圖1-3　滑步旋踢攻擊動作分解圖------------------------------- 09 圖1-4　上步旋踢攻擊動作分解圖------------------------------- 09 圖1-5　空中兩腳旋踢攻擊動作分解圖-------------------------- 10 圖1-6　360o背轉旋踢攻擊動作分解圖-------------------------- 11 圖3-1　聲光反應器------------------------------------------------ 22 圖3-2　三軸加速規------------------------------------------------ 23 圖3-3　電腦&MP100、多功能擷取系統------------------------ 23 圖3-4　測試靶----------------------------------------------------- 24 圖3-5　皮尺-------------------------------------------------------- 24 圖3-6　測驗項目及步驟------------------------------------------ 25 圖3-7　實驗場地佈置圖------------------------------------------ 26 圖3-8　實驗流程圖------------------------------------------------ 29 圖3-9　各訊號與時間相關圖------------------------------------- 31 圖4-1　五種旋踢攻擊動作的反應時間之比較----------------- 34 圖4-2　五種旋踢攻擊動作的攻擊速度之比較----------------- 36 圖4-3　五種旋踢攻擊動作的相對力量之比較----------------- 38 圖4-4　輕、重量級在五種旋踢攻擊動作的反應時間之比較- 43 圖4-5　輕、重量級在五種旋踢攻擊動作的攻擊速度之比較- 45 圖4-6　輕、重量級在五種旋踢攻擊動作的相對力量之比較- 47 圖4-7　優秀、一般組在五種旋踢攻擊動作的反應時間之比較 51 圖4-8　優秀、一般組在五種旋踢攻擊動作的攻擊速度之比較 53 圖4-9　優秀、一般組在五種旋踢攻擊動作的相對力量之比較 55