Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1984.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1981.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Ashland Theological Seminary, 2006. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 249-260).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 159 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-94).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 30, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (p. 194-206).

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-99). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Bakgrund: I det naturliga åldrandet sker det förändringar med kroppen som påverkar den äldres dagliga liv. I åldrandet tillkommer ofta sjukdomar som kräver behandling i form av läkemedel. Termen polyfarmaci används vid användning av flera läkemedel inom vetenskapen. Läkemedel är idag den vanligaste behandlingsformen som kan bidra till både positiva och negativa konsekvenser hos den äldres hälsa. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa omvårdnadsproblem vid polyfarmaci hos äldre. Metod: En litteraturöversikt utfördes över 11 kvantitativa artiklar som söktes fram i databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och MedLine. Sökorden som bland annat användes var polyfarmaci, äldre, riskfaktorer och omvårdnad. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten i arbetet är sjuksköterskan Carnevalis (1996) modell som handlar om omvårdnadsdiagnostik. Resultat: Ur de valda artiklarnas resultat framkom det fyra huvudkategorier: 1) fall och fallrisk som berör hur den äldres risk för fall ökar vid intag av många läkemedel och vad konsekvensen av detta leder till. 2) Bristande följsamhet belyser orsaker till varför läkemedelsordinationer inte följs av varken patienter eller vårdpersonal. 3) Nutritionsstatus och malnutrition berör hur polyfarmaci kan påverka den äldres nutritionsstatus och att en följd av detta kan leda till malnutrition och andra konsekvenser. Den sista huvudkategorin som är 4) funktionsnedsättning berör hur polyfarmaci kan påverka den äldres funktionsförmåga i dagligt liv. Diskussion: En svårighet som framkommer är att definitionen för polyfarmaci inte är helt fastställd. Trots detta framkommer det omvårdnadsproblem som har samband med läkemedel men som även kan korrelera med multisjuklighet som är vanligt förkommande i och med det naturliga åldrandet. / Background: In the natural aging process, changes occur in the body that affect the elderly person's daily life. Aging often leads to diseases that require treatment in form of drugs. The term polypharmacy describes the use of multiple drugs. Medications are the most common form of treatment and may contribute to both positive and negative effects on elderly’s health. Aim: The aim was to illuminate nursing problems in elderly regarding polypharmacy. Method: A literature review was performed based on 11 quantitative scientific articles. Databases used were Cinahl, PubMed and MedLine. Among the keywords used were polypharmacy, aged, risk factors and nursing. The theoretical framework was nurse Carnevali’s model (1996) dealing with nursing diagnosis. Results: From the selected articles’ results revealed four main categories were: 1) fall and risk of falling, which relate to how the elderly’s risk of falling increases with intake of many medications and its consequences, 2) non- adherence highlights the reasons why prescriptions are not followed neither by patients nor healthcare professionals. 3) Nutritional status and malnutrition concerns how polypharmacy can affect the elderly’s nutritional status and as a consequence lead to for example malnutrition, and 4) functional decline and the elderly’s (dis)ability to function in daily life is the last major category that could be affected by polypharmacy. Discussion: A difficulty that emerges from the literature is that the definition of polypharmacy is not identified. Despite this, it appears the nursing problems related to drugs can also correlate with multimorbidity which is common in the natural aging process.

Utförandet av munvård hos äldre är en omvårdnadsåtgärd som har betydelse för människan och dess helhet, trots vetskap om detta har munvård kommit att vara den del inom vården som ofta bortprioriteras. Därför är det av stor vikt att uppmärksamma vårdpersonalens upplevelser av att utföra munvård för att förstå varför munvård negligeras. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva vårdpersonalens upplevelser av att utföra munvård hos äldre. En litteraturstudie genomfördes där resultatet grundas på 11 vetenskapliga artiklar som svarar mot syftet. Resultatet beskrivs i fem olika teman: Upplevelser av rädsla och känslor av obehag, komplex omvårdnadsåtgärd som väcker etiska dilemman, upplevelser av rutiner och ansvarsområden, en lågt prioriterad omvårdnadsåtgärd och vårdpersonalens behov av kunskap. Resultatet visar vårdpersonalens upplevelser av att utföra munvård i sammanhang som färgas av vårdmiljö, kompetens och attityder. Resultatet belyser bland annat vårdpersonalens egen tandvårdsrädsla som påverkar munvården de erbjuder. Utförandet av munvård ansågs som en komplex uppgift, så vida att omvårdnadsåtgärder som involverade inkontinensskydd föredrogs. Om vårdpersonal erhåller mer tid och kunskap kring utförandet av munvård kan upplevelsen av omvårdnadsåtgärden förändras. Därför bör ytterligare forskning kring upplevelser och utbildning appliceras inom vårdområdet. / The execution of oral care amongst seniors is a care action which carries great importance for the person and its being. Despite aforementioned knowledge, oral care is often neglected within the health sector. Therefore it is of utmost importance to highlight the experiences of health care professionals conducting oral care, in order to further discern the nature of its neglect. The literature review attempts to explain the prevailing experiences of health care professionals in regards to oral care. The literature review was conducted on the basis of 11 articles of scientific nature interpreting the formulated question. The outcome formed five categories: the experience of fear or discomfort, complex care that provokes ethical dilemmas, responsibilities and routines, an overlooked care act, knowledge requirements. The result illustrates health care personnel and their experience of oral care in the context of care environment, competence and attitudes. Furthermore, it exposes dental phobia as a factor affecting the available and recommended care. The execution of oral care proves to be a complex task, to the extent that aid for incontinence was preferred. If health care personnel had further training of oral care execution the experience of providing this type of care could change. There is a discrepancy between theory and practice when it comes to providing oral care. Consequently, additional research of experiences and education ought to be conducted within this field of health care.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:43:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SauloVS_DISSERT.pdf: 1488017 bytes, checksum: b6dafb093bd681e3fd6ec08af1e0b388 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / One of the most important problems in the elderly is a nutritional deficiency. Several physiological changes and the use of multiple drugs interfere with appetite, food intake and absorption of nutrients, which can lead to the risk and malnutrition in the elderly, especially among institutionalized. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition and risk for malnutrition and its associated factors in institutionalized elderly. The same can be characterized by the type individual, observational and cross-sectional. Obtaining the sample was through the records of individuals of long-stay institutions for the elderly in the city of Natal, RN. The elderly were evaluated through the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and triceps skinfold (TSF) and each senior or caregiver answered a questionnaire about information like type and dietary restrictions, accessibility to food, use of alcohol and tobacco, practice physical activity and appetite. Variables such as age, gender, education, marital status, time that the elderly living in the institution, the reason for the institutionalization and comorbidities were taken from the records of each senior. The frequency of food consumption of various food groups was assessed from the questionnaire frequency of feeding study Health, Wellbeing and Aging (HWA). Data were presented as means and standard deviations, absolute and relative frequencies. To analyze the frequency of consumption, there was a factor analysis with extraction of factors from the principal components analysis with varimax rotation. A bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square and the magnitude of the effect observed by prevalence ratio (95% CI). The Poisson regression assessed the net effect of independent variables on the two outcomes, considering a significance level of 5%. We studied twelve Homes for the Aged totaling 381 seniors eligible for the study. The prevalence of risk of malnutrition was 46.1% (45.9 to 46.2) and malnutrition was 31.4% (31.2 to 31.5). The risk of malnutrition was significantly associated with the presence of urinary incontinence (RP = 1.444, 1.113 to 1.874) was associated with malnutrition and lack of appetite (RP = 1.757, 1.246 to 2.476), the fact that the individuals do not have access to food outside the institution (RP = 0.565, 0.337 to 0.946), low water consumption (RP = 1.646, 1.101 to 2.459) and dementia (PR = 1.537, 1.072 to 2.204). The high prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition in the study suggests that we should pay attention to information related to eating habits and the presence of comorbidities, as these can influence the nutritional status of this population / Um dos problemas mais relevantes na popula??o idosa ? a defici?ncia nutricional. V?rias altera??es fisiol?gicas e o uso de m?ltiplos medicamentos interferem no apetite, no consumo de alimentos e na absor??o dos nutrientes, podendo levar ao risco e ? desnutri??o nos idosos, especialmente entre os institucionalizados. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a preval?ncia de desnutri??o e do risco para desnutri??o e seus fatores associados em idosos institucionalizados. O mesmo se caracterizou por ser do tipo individuado, observacional e transversal. A obten??o da amostra se deu atrav?s do cadastro de indiv?duos das institui??es de longa perman?ncia de idosos da cidade do Natal-RN. Os idosos foram avaliados atrav?s da Mini Avalia??o Nutricional (MAN) e da dobra cut?nea triciptal (DCT) e cada idoso ou cuidador respondeu a um question?rio acerca de informa??es como tipo e restri??o alimentar, acessibilidade ao alimento, uso de bebida alco?lica e tabaco, pr?tica de atividade f?sica e inapet?ncia. Vari?veis como idade, g?nero, escolaridade, estado civil, tempo que o idoso vive na institui??o, o motivo da institucionaliza??o e as comorbidades foram aferidas a partir dos prontu?rios de cada idoso. A frequ?ncia de consumo alimentar de v?rios grupos de alimentos foi aferida a partir do question?rio de frequ?ncia de consumo alimentar do estudo Sa?de, Bem estar e Envelhecimento (SABE). Os dados foram apresentados na forma de m?dias e desvios padr?o, frequ?ncias absoluta e relativa. Para an?lise da frequ?ncia de consumo, realizou-se uma an?lise fatorial com extra??o dos fatores a partir da an?lise de componentes principais com rota??o varimax. A an?lise bivariada foi realizada atrav?s do teste do qui-quadrado e verificada a magnitude do efeito atrav?s da raz?o de preval?ncia (IC 95%). A regress?o robusta de Poisson avaliou o efeito l?quido das vari?veis independentes sobre os dois desfechos, considerando um n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. Foram estudadas 12 ILPI, totalizando 381 idosos eleg?veis para o estudo. A preval?ncia do risco de desnutri??o foi de 46,1% (45,9 - 46,2) e a de desnutri??o foi de 31,4% (31,2 - 31,5). O risco de desnutri??o esteve associado significativamente ? presen?a de incontin?ncia urin?ria (RP = 1,444; 1,113-1,874) e a desnutri??o esteve associada ? falta de apetite (RP = 1,757; 1,246-2,476), ao fato dos idosos n?o terem acesso a alimentos fora da institui??o (RP= 0,565; 0,337-0,946), ao baixo consumo de ?gua (RP = 1,646; 1,101-2,459) e ? dem?ncia (RP= 1,537; 1,072-2,204). A alta preval?ncia de desnutri??o e do risco de desnutri??o no estudo sugere que devemos nos atentar a informa??es relacionadas aos h?bitos alimentares e ? presen?a de comorbidades, pois estes podem influenciar no estado nutricional desta popula??o

Introdução: Responsabilidade filial é norma social ou cultural referente ao comportamento dos filhos no cuidado aos pais idosos, que pode ser avaliada pelas atitudes dos filhos e como isso afeta o bem-estar dos cuidadores. Objetivo: analisar a responsabilidade filial no cuidado aos pais idosos e a repercussão deste cuidado no bem-estar dos filhos. Métodos: duas etapas - Estudo metodológico: adaptação transcultural do protocolo canadense Filial Responsability com base nas etapas: tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, comitê de especialistas, pré-teste, submissão do protocolo aos autores e a avaliação das medidas psicométricas. Estudo misto: replicação do estudo canadense por triangulação concomitante de dados com amostra intencional de 100 filhos cuidadores de pessoas idosas de duas unidades de saúde da região central de Porto Alegre. O protocolo canadense adaptado na etapa metodológica contém questões abertas e sete escalas. Foram feitas análises descritiva e inferencial. Para avaliar as associações entre atitudes e comportamentos e desses com bem-estar, utilizou-se o coeficientes de correlação de Pearson e Spearman, testes t–student ou análise de variância. Variáveis que apresentaram um valor p<0,20 na análise bivariada foram inseridas em um modelo multivariado de regressão linear para avaliar o bem-estar. Na etapa qualitativa, as informações foram analisadas por Análise Temática e, após, realizada triangulação dos dados quantitativos e qualitativos. Projeto aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (CAAE 19579013.2.0000.5327). Resultados: No estudo metodológico, todas as etapas foram realizadas de forma satisfatória. Prevaleceram filhas cuidadoras (74) com média de idade de 54,04± 10,17 anos. Nas atitudes de responsabilidade filial, num total máximo de 25 pontos, a média da escala de Expectativa Filial foi de 22,6 pontos (máximo 25 pontos) e na de Dever Filial foi de 28,2 (representando 94% do valor máximo da escala). Quanto aos comportamentos de cuidado, a maioria prestava apoio emocional (80) e companhia (71). As atitudes de responsabilidade (expectativa e dever filial) associaram-se aos comportamentos de cuidar, apoio emocional e financeiro, e companhia apresentou associação significativa apenas com dever filial. As atitudes de responsabilidade filial e comportamentos de cuidado estavam relacionados com o bem-estar do cuidador, o dever filial se associou somente no índice de bem-estar (p ≤0,05). O apoio financeiro e a ajuda nas atividades de vida diária (AVDs) foram fatores para a sobrecarga do filho cuidador (p ≤0,05), a companhia para a satisfação com a vida e o apoio emocional para a qualidade dos relacionamentos (p ≤0,05). Na etapa qualitativa, houve quatro categorias: Possibilidade de institucionalização dos pais; Expectativa de cuidado; Dificuldades em ser filho cuidador; Sentimentos de responsabilidade filial. Conclusão: a versão brasileira apresentou boa equivalência conceitual e semântica. Os resultados demonstram que os conceitos e itens utilizados no protocolo canadense são aplicáveis ao contexto brasileiro. Os filhos cuidadores apresentaram escores elevados de reponsabilidade filial, com maior prevalência de comportamentos no auxílio às AIVDs e apoio emocional. Sobrecarga esteve relacionada com dar apoio financeiro e emocional, ajudar em AVDs e prestar companhia. / Introduction: Filial responsibility is a social or cultural standard regarding the behavior of sons and daughters in the care of elderly parents, which may be assessed by their attitude and the way it affects caregivers’ welfare. Objective: Analyze filial responsibility in caring for elderly parents and its impact in the welfare of children. Methods: two steps - Methodological study: cross-cultural adaptation of the Canadian Protocol Filial Responsibility based on the following steps: initial translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, experts committee, pretest, protocol submission to authors, and assessment of psychometric measures. Mixed Study: Replication of a Canadian study through Concurrent data triangulation with purposive sample of 100 children caregivers for elderly people in two health units in the central region of the city of Porto Alegre. The Canadian protocol adapted in the methodological step provides open questions and seven scales. Descriptive and inferential analyzes have been performed. In order to evaluate the associations between attitudes and behaviors and their relation with wellbeing, we applied the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, t-Student test or analysis of variance. Variables with p<0.20 in the bivariate analysis were included in a multivariate linear regression model to assess welfare. In the qualitative stage, the data were analyzed by thematic analysis, proceeding later with a triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data. The Project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital (CAAE 19579013.2.0000.5327). Results: Throughout the methodological study all steps were carried out satisfactorily. There were more daughters caregivers (74) with an average age of 54.04± 10.17 years old. In filial responsibility attitudes, a total maximum of 25 points, the average filial expectation scale was 22.6 points ( maximum 25 points) and of filial duty was 28.2 (representing 94% of the maximum scale value). As for the behavior of care, most paid emotional support (80) and company (71). The responsibility attitudes (expectation and filial duty) have joined forces to care behaviors, emotional and financial support, and the company was significantly associated only with filial duty. Attitudes of filial responsibility and care behaviors were related to the welfare of the caregiver, filial duty joined only to well-being index (p ≤0.05). The Financial Support and Help at daily life activities (DLAs) were Factors for a child caregiver burden (p ≤0.05), the company for life satisfaction and the emotional support for the quality of relationships (p ≤0.05). In the qualitative stage, there were four categories: Possibility of institutionalization of parents; expectation of care; Feelings of filial responsibility, Difficulties in being a caregiver child.Conclusion: the Brazilian version presented good conceptual and semantics equivalence. The results show that the concepts and items used in the Canadian protocol are applicable to the Brazilian context. Children caregiver had high scores of filial responsibility, with highest prevalence of behaviors daily life activities (DLAs) and emotional support. Overload has been related to giving financial and emotional support, helping in DLAs and making company. / Introducción: Responsabilidad filial es norma social o cultural referente al comportamiento de los hijos en el cuidado a los padres ancianos, que puede ser evaluada por las actitudes de los hijos y cómo ello afecta al bienestar de los cuidadores. Objetivo: analizar la responsabilidad filial en el cuidado a los padres ancianos y la repercusión de este cuidado en el bienestar de los hijos. Métodos: dos etapas - Estudio metodológico: adaptación transcultural del protocolo canadiense Filial Responsibility con base en las etapas: traducción inicial, síntesis de las traducciones, retro traducción, comité de especialistas, pre-teste, sumisión del protocolo a los autores y la evaluación de las medidas psicométricas. Estudio mixto: replicación del estudio canadiense por triangulación concomitante de datos con muestra intencional de 100 hijos cuidadores de personas ancianas de dos unidades de salud de la región central de Porto Alegre. El protocolo canadiense adaptado en la etapa metodológica contiene cuestiones abiertas y siete escalas. Fue hecho análisis descriptivo e inferencial. Para evaluar las asociaciones entre actitudes y comportamientos y de ésos con bienestar, se utilizó coeficientes de correlación de Pearson y Spearman, testes t–student o análisis de variancia. Variables que presentaron un valor p<0,20 en el análisis bivariado fueron inseridas en un modelo multivariado de regresión linear para evaluar el bienestar. En la etapa cualitativa, las informaciones fueron analizadas por Análisis Temático y, después, realizada triangulación de los datos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Proyecto aprobado por el Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (CAAE 19579013.2.0000.5327). Resultados: En el estudio metodológico, todas las etapas fueron realizadas de forma satisfactoria. Prevalecieron hijas cuidadoras (74) con promedio de edad de 54,04± 10,17 años. En las actitudes de responsabilidad filial, en un total máximo de 25 puntos, el promedio de la escala de Expectativa Filial fue de 22,6 puntos (máximo 25 puntos) y en la de deber filial fue de 28,2 (representando el 94% del valor máximo de la escala). En cuanto a los comportamientos de cuidado, la mayoría prestaba apoyo emocional (80) y compañía (71). Las actitudes de responsabilidad (expectativa y deber filial) se asociaron a los comportamientos de cuidar, apoyo emocional y financiero, y compañía presentó asociación significativa tan sólo con deber filial. Las actitudes de responsabilidad filial y comportamientos de cuidado estaban relacionados con el bienestar del cuidador, el deber filial se asoció solamente en el índice de bienestar (p ≤0,05). El apoyo financiero y la ayuda en las actividades de vida diaria (AVDs) fueron factores para la sobrecarga del hijo cuidador (p ≤0,05), la compañía para la satisfacción con la vida y el apoyo emocional para la calidad de las relaciones (p ≤0,05). En la etapa cualitativa, hubo cuatro categorías: Posibilidad de institucionalización de los padres; Expectativa de cuidado; Dificultades en ser hijo cuidador; Sentimientos de responsabilidad filial. Conclusión: la versión brasileña presentó buena equivalencia conceptual y semántica. Los resultados demuestran que los conceptos e ítems utilizados en el protocolo canadiense son aplicables al contexto brasileño. Los hijos cuidadores presentaron escores elevados de responsabilidad filial, con mayor prevalencia de comportamientos de en ayuda AIVD y apoyo emocional. Sobrecarga estuvo relacionada con dar apoyo financiero y emocional, ayudar en AVDs y prestar compañía.