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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Analysis of Pricing and Reserving Risks with Applications in Risk-Based Capital Regulation for Property/Casualty Insurance Companies

Kerdpholngarm, Chayanin 06 December 2007 (has links)
The subject of the study for this dissertation is the relationship between pricing and reserving risks for property-casualty insurance companies. Since the risk characteristics of insurers differ based on their structure, objectives and incentives, segmenting the insurers into subgroups would allow for a better understanding of group-specific risks. Based on this approach to analyzing insurer financial risks, we find that, in a given accident year, the pricing and reserving errors are positively correlated, especially in long-tailed lines of business. Large insurers, stock insurers, and multi-state insurers, in general, exhibit a strong correlation between accident-year price and reserve errors. However, only size of insurers appears to be a factor that influences the interaction between price changes and the calendar year loss reserve adjustments. Furthermore, we find that the pricing risk and reserving risk are marginally more homogenous within a market segment when size, type and number of states are employed as criteria for market segmentation, hence insurance regulators should consider the refined market segments for the RBC formula. The empirical results also indicate that, in general, Chain-Ladder reserving method likely contributes to loss reserve errors when there is a change in the loss development pattern and the magnitude of the errors is worse for large insurers. Finally, we find that our proposed measurement method for the product diversification benefit provides support for the notion that the diversification benefit on the incurred losses increases with the number of lines in the portfolio. Yet, the diminishing returns tend to decrease the diversification benefit on the incurred losses for insurers that write the business in more than six of the selected lines. To the contrary, our proposed measure does not provide clear evidence that writing business in many product lines increases the product diversification benefit with respect to adverse loss development. We do find that the diversification benefit for both incurred losses and loss development is higher for larger insurers. Hence, for risk management and regulatory purposes, a stronger case can be made for considering firm size than product diversification.
12

Úrazové pojištění jako součást osobního finančního plánování / Casualty insurance as a part of personal financial planning

Hejnová, Gabriela January 2012 (has links)
The topic of this diploma thesis was chosen with regard to the currency of this issue. There are discussed the basis of financial planning and it is accounted why the finance is important to be planned. Not insignificant part of the financial planning is insurance, which penetrates the whole financial plan. In this field I focused on, in my opinion, the most important financial security, namely income security in case its failure, which mostly accident insurance deals with. The theoretical part of the thesis is followed by a number of sample presentations of financial plans in selected insurance companies.
13

Managing Change from Disruptive Innovation: United States Property & Casualty Insurance

Roberts, Daniel Peter, Jr. 25 April 2023 (has links)
No description available.
14

Transaction cost economics : an analysis of commitment in asymmetrical insurer-broker dyads : an exploratory case study of ING Canada and its distribution counterparties

Griffin, Paul January 2010 (has links)
Since the early 1980's there has been a heightened academic interest in the field of commitment, particularly as it relates to business relationships. Knowledge of commitment continues to advance and has begun splintering and applied into specific and narrow fields. The particular field of interest in this study surrounds commitment levels in business relationships within property and casualty insurance distribution networks. The intent of understanding and enhancing commitment levels is to allow stakeholders to explore new ways to improve profitability. This can be achieved by deepening the level of understanding and knowledge of relationship partners with a view to anticipating and fulfilling their needs better than the competition. However, commitment is intangible and involves many factors including human emotion. This increases the difficulty in comprehending the whole phenomenon of commitment. To assist in furthering the knowledge in this area, transaction cost theory is examined and applied to insurance company and broker relationships. In seeking a greater understanding of the underlying drivers of commitment, this thesis investigates the theoretical contribution of transaction cost economics theory in assessing commitment levels. The purpose is to utilize the elements of transaction costs as a means to extend the awareness of how commitment is constructed, and to search for ways to improve and strengthen these relationships. The primary research method consists of three major case studies within the Canadian property and casualty insurance distribution sector. The first case study explores the perspectives of insurance brokers in Ontario. The second study reveals the perceptions of relationship managers employed with ING Canada, the country's largest property and casualty insurance company. Lastly, the research incorporates a series of interviews with ING Canada senior executives to capture their perspectives and validate the research findings from the first two case studies. These investigations into the Canadian insurance industry have provided several outputs, chief among them is the development of a conceptual model referred to as the 'Commitment Wheel'. This model has the advantages of seating affective and calculative commitment at the centre of a moving environment of commitment enablers.
15

應用模擬最佳化來求解產險公司之資產配置的兩篇論文

黃孝慈 Unknown Date (has links)
當產險公司需要同時兼顧競爭力並免於破產時,適當的資產配置就是一項相當重要的決策。然而採用均數-變異數分析(mean‐variance analysis)將受到許多限制,而動態控制理論則是難以實作,因此,我們提出一個新的解決方法。這個方法主要係應用模擬最佳化的演算法,例如基礎的基因演算法(basic genetic algorithm, GA),多階層演化策略(multi-phase evolutionary strategies, MPES)及多階層基因演算法(multi-phase genetic algorithm, MPGA)等並結合模擬模型,來求解保險公司之資產配置的問題。首先我們建立投資市場及保險業務市場的模擬模型,之後再利用本研究所發展出新的最佳化演算法來搜尋最佳的資產配置。在實務上無法實現的多期投資策略,在我們的研究架構下得以被採用,並且在比較求解結果下,多期投資策略(reallocation strategies)較定額投資策略(re‐balancing strategies)有顯著較佳的績效。在兼顧保險公司投資收益並避免破產的目標函數下,我們所提出的研究方法已證明可以用來協助保險公司建立較佳的資產配置。 / Proper asset allocations are vital for property‐casualty insurers to be competitive and remain solvent. However, popular mean‐variance analysis is limited while dynamic control theory is difficult to implement. We thus propose to apply simulation optimizations such as basic genetic algorithm (GA), multi‐phase evolutionary strategies (MPES) and multi‐phase genetic algorithm (MPGA) to the asset allocation problems of the insurers. We first construct a simulation model of the property‐casualty insurer and then develop simulation optimization techniques to search optimal investment strategies upon the simulation results. The resulted reallocation strategies perform better than re‐balancing strategies used in practice with significant margins. Therefore, our proposal researches can be used to assist insurers to construct better asset allocations.
16

Zajištění rizika prostřednictvím různých forem pojištění / Indemnity Against Risk through Various Forms of Insurance

Valaščíková, Eliška January 2008 (has links)
The aim of my thesis is to review current and approchable types of insurance in Czech republic with an emphasis on the health insurance. The thesis should result in a summary of possible reform or stabilization arrangements that are solving unfavourable prognosis in Czech republic in the long term.
17

Histoire de l'assurance de dommages en France / History of property and casualty insurance in France

Bellenger, Claire 27 June 2011 (has links)
Balbutiante à la fin de l’Ancien Régime, interdite sous la Révolution, quasi inexistante sous le premier Empire, l’assurance de dommages réapparut sous la Restauration pour prendre son envol sous le second Empire. La Révolution avait certes interdit les sociétés d’assurances, mais en sacralisant l’individu elle a développé le besoin de sécurité et donc à terme le besoin d’assurances. Ce sont des créateurs humanistes qui relancèrent l’idée d’assurance en concevant les premières mutuelles contournant ainsi l’interdiction révolutionnaire. L’assurance de dommages s’est construite sur la science des jurisconsultes et sur la jurisprudence. Le législateur est intervenu tardivement, en 1930, alors que les compagnies d’assurances avaient déjà pris leur essor. Au XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, il s’agissait de protéger ses biens contre les risques d’incendie. La société française étant alors essentiellement agricole, les assurances couvraient aussi le risque de grêle et la mortalité du bétail. L’industrialisation de la France a contribué au développement des contrats de responsabilité professionnelle et aussi de responsabilité civile. L’assurance automobile en est un exemple. Aujourd’hui, l’assurance est une activité complexe exigeant une grande technicité et à forts enjeux financiers. Elle est dans de nombreux cas devenue obligatoire. Pourquoi avoir interdit les sociétés d’assurances sous la Révolution ? Comment s’est construite et s’est développée l’assurance avant que le législateur n’intervienne ? Quelle a été son évolution et quel fut le rôle de l’État après la loi de 1930? C’est à ces questions que nous tenterons de répondre au cours de cette étude. / History of property and casualty insurance in France In its infancy at the end of the Ancien Régime, forbidden under the Revolution, almost non-existent under the first Empire, property and casualty insurance reappeared under the Restoration to take off under the second Empire. The Revolution had admittedly forbidden insurance companies, but by making sacred the individual it developed the need for security and thus eventually the need for insurance. Humanist creators re-launched the idea of insurances by creating the first mutual insurance companies thereby bypassing the revolutionary ban. Property and casualty insurance built itself on the science of the lawyers and on jurisprudence. The legislator intervened later, in 1930, although insurance companies had continued to develop. Initially it was a question of protecting ones possessions against fire risks. The French society being then essentially agricultural, the insurances also covered the risk of hail and the mortality of the cattle. The industrialization of France contributed to the development of the contracts of professional and civil liability. The automobile insurance is an example. Today the business of insurance is a highly technical and complex activity with high financial stakes. In numerous cases it is compulsory. What were the reasons for forbidding insurance companies under the Revolution? How did the insurance business develop before the legislator intervened? What changed and what was the part of the government after the law of 1930? We shall try to answer these questions by this study.
18

Transaction Cost Economics: An Analysis of Commitment in Asymmetrical Insurer-Broker Dyads. An Exploratory Case Study of ING Canada and its Distribution Counterparties

Griffin, Paul January 2010 (has links)
Since the early 1980's there has been a heightened academic interest in the field of commitment, particularly as it relates to business relationships. Knowledge of commitment continues to advance and has begun splintering and applied into specific and narrow fields. The particular field of interest in this study surrounds commitment levels in business relationships within property and casualty insurance distribution networks. The intent of understanding and enhancing commitment levels is to allow stakeholders to explore new ways to improve profitability. This can be achieved by deepening the level of understanding and knowledge of relationship partners with a view to anticipating and fulfilling their needs better than the competition. However, commitment is intangible and involves many factors including human emotion. This increases the difficulty in comprehending the whole phenomenon of commitment. To assist in furthering the knowledge in this area, transaction cost theory is examined and applied to insurance company and broker relationships. In seeking a greater understanding of the underlying drivers of commitment, this thesis investigates the theoretical contribution of transaction cost economics theory in assessing commitment levels. The purpose is to utilize the elements of transaction costs as a means to extend the awareness of how commitment is constructed, and to search for ways to improve and strengthen these relationships. The primary research method consists of three major case studies within the Canadian property and casualty insurance distribution sector. The first case study explores the perspectives of insurance brokers in Ontario. The second study reveals the perceptions of relationship managers employed with ING Canada, the country's largest property and casualty insurance company. Lastly, the research incorporates a series of interviews with ING Canada senior executives to capture their perspectives and validate the research findings from the first two case studies. These investigations into the Canadian insurance industry have provided several outputs, chief among them is the development of a conceptual model referred to as the 'Commitment Wheel'. This model has the advantages of seating affective and calculative commitment at the centre of a moving environment of commitment enablers.
19

從費率自由化之實施剖析台灣汽車險之未來

陳伯燿 Unknown Date (has links)
我國加入WTO之後,為因應先進國家自由化、國際化的潮流和趨勢,以及追求我國保險制度的健全發展,保險主管機關乃決定將過去長期採用的規章費率改為自由費率。而為了避免對保險業的衝擊過大,乃將整個費率自由化的時程分成三個階段實施,以達到逐步開放產險市場的目標。費率自由化的目的主要是希望能藉此廢除不合理干預市場機制的法規,並建立合理的競爭環境,以及保護消費者的權益等。事實上,費率自由化並不是盲目的開放市場,而是藉由有制度的監理,確保保險業有足夠的清償能力,並且維護市場秩序和紀律。 從歐、美及日本等國在費率自由化的發展趨勢及經驗來看,費率自由化的實施已成為一種不可抵擋的趨勢,而保險業者為了能在競爭的市場中生存,都會積極的推出新產品、新通路,並提出各項經營策略以為因應,因為也唯有如此才能立足於保險市場,也不會在這股洪流中被淹沒。 就我國的現況來看,民國91年開放的第一階段費率自由化,主要是以放寬「附加費用率」為主,就「危險保費」部分得讓業者做有限度的偏離,則在第二階段始予以開放,惟保險公司必須依規定檢具各項資料先行向主管機關申請。至於最後一個階段除了強制保險外,其餘之商品均得由業者自行釐定費率,簡單的說,從第三階段開始費率就全面自由化了。 本篇論文主要目的係探討費率自由化之相關議題。首先介紹費率自由化之意義與實施源由,接著將闡述各歐美先進國家之發展狀況與衝擊,最後,則根據各國實施費率自由化的經驗,以及我國汽車保險市場的實際情況,提出實施費率自由化後的趨勢分析,而面對未來車險市場的變革,也提出個人幾點因應之道,期望所有的保險業者都能藉由努力提昇獲利力,在競爭的車險市場中各占有一席之地,並且也期盼本文對於日後在費率自由化的研究上,能提供業者作為參考。 / After Taiwan’s entrance into WTO, insurance authorities decide to follow the trend of internationalization and liberalization and adopt rate deregulation, for soundness development of insurance market. To avoid heavy impact on insurance companies, authorities divide the plan of rate deregulation into three phases, in order to open the property/casualty market gradually. The objective of deregulation is to eliminate the improper control, and to establish a rational competition environment for protecting consumers’ rights. In fact, the main purpose of rate deregulation is to ensure insurers’ solvency and to maintain the discipline of the insurance market. The implementation of rate deregulation is an inevitable trend in the world, many insurers make a great deal of efforts to develop the various products and channels to increase market share. From the prospective of Taiwan’s condition, the first stage of rate deregulation focuses on releasing the restrictions of “loading expenses” and making “risk premium” relax limited. The main purpose of the second stage is to deregulate “risk premium” completely, but insurers should report the relevant information and files to authorities concerned in advanced. In the last stage, insurers can rate all products individually other than compulsory insurance. That is, it will be a fully liberalization stage. The purpose of the study aims to clarify several issues. First, the study introduces the reasons of the implementation of the rate deregulation. Second, the study elaborates the background and influence of the experience of rate deregulation in every developed country as well. Meanwhile, the study makes descriptions of the current situation of Taiwan. Finally, according to the experience of rate deregulation of every country and the condition of Taiwan, the study analyzes the trend of implementation of rate deregulation and suggests several strategies to deal with the potential influence which may be helpful to insurers in Taiwan.
20

臺灣產險業再保險交易與盈餘管理之關聯性 / The association between reinsurance transactions and earnings management in Taiwan property-casualty insurance industry

陳家琳 Unknown Date (has links)
再保險交易為國內產物保險業者經營業務及風險管理上不可或缺之工具,近年衍生融通資金及改善財務結構之財務面功能,並傳出國際知名保險業者不當運用之情事,而引起各國保險監理機關之重視,開始建立再保險完整之監理制度及詳細規範。就我國產險業而言,現行再保險交易分出業務之會計處理,可透過再保費支出、再保佣金收入、再保攤回賠款及提存未滿期保費準備減少數等會計科目,產生盈餘釋放數,進而操控公司財務報表。本研究擬探討我國產險公司是否會利用承作再保險交易從事盈餘管理。 本研究分別採用縱橫資料迴歸及分量迴歸兩種模型,以1994-2008年之國內12家產險公司為樣本,探討再保險交易量及再保險交易盈餘釋放數與盈餘管理動機之關聯。實證結果顯示我國產險公司,就資本市場動機而言,當期盈餘數愈低者,會避免虧損而從事愈多再保險交易或有愈高之盈餘釋放數,若當期盈餘低於前期愈多者,則有愈高之盈餘釋放數;就稅負動機而言,若為高稅負成本者,將從事較少再保險交易或有較低之盈餘釋放數;惟就監理動機而言,發現產險公司保單持有人盈餘與實收資本之45%的差距愈小者,反而從事愈少之再保險交易。 / Reinsurance is an indispensable tool for property-casualty insurers’ business operating and risk management. In recent years, reinsurance derived some financial functions such capital finance and financial structure improvement. Some of the world famous insurers had been found improper use of financial reinsurance, which caused regulators of various countries try to establish more supervisory systems and detailed standards to monitor such behavior. The present accounting procedures of reinsurance ceded-out business might release surplus through reinsurance premiums ceded, reinsurance commission earned, claims recovered from reinsures, and the decrease of unearned premium reserves, which release might give insurers to manipulate the financial reporting. Therefore, this research attempts to examine association between reinsurance arrangements and earnings management on Taiwan’s property-casualty insurers. This research applies panel data model and quantile regression model to test the reinsurance transactions and the surplus release associated with earnings management motivation. The data draw from12 property-casualty Taiwan’s insurers from 1994 to 2008. For capital market motivations, the evidence indicates that property-casualty insurers manage more reinsurance transactions or the higher surplus release to avoid losses, and manage the higher surplus release to avoid earnings decreases. For tax burden motivations, the result shows that the higher tax burden insurers have, the fewer insurers manage reinsurance transactions and the lower surplus release. However, for regulatory motivations, the empirical results indicate that the less difference between policyholders’ surplus and 45% of total capital has, the fewer reinsurance transactions are being managed.

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