Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

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This thesis investigates the ways in which British and French imperial heroes involved in the exploration, conquest or administration of Mrica between 1870 and 1939 were selected, packaged and promoted to the various sections of the public of their respective countries. It seeks to unveil the commercial, political and personal interests that lay behind the imperial hero-making business. This research analyses the hidden mechanisms, as well as the reasons that led to the appearance of a new type of hero in the context of the 'new' T Imperialism and the 'Scramble for Mrica': private connections, political lobbies (especially colonial advocates and nationalists), commercial interests (journalists, writers, biographers, hagiographers, publishers, film-makers) and personal ambition, the combination of which underpinned the creation and success ofheroic reputations. The first part of the thesis investigates the process through which imperial heroes progressively became widely known in their homelands, and how it was facilitated by the technical and social improvements of the Second Industrial Revolution. Drawing upon a wide variety of printed and manuscript sources, it shows the ever-increasing commercial success of imperial heroes throughout the period, analyses how they could serve political ends, and explains the values for which 'they were held up as examples. The second part examines the case studies of two military commanders in times of Anglo-French rivalry in Africa (the Sirdar Kitchener and Major Marchand before, during and after the Fashoda confrontation of 1898), in order to compare the modalities of the development of these legends, and the different backdrops against which they took shape. This thesis is the first to combine quantitative evidence (such as print run figures) and qualitative sources (such as police records) to demonstrate conclusively the prevalence and complexity of the hero-making process brought about by the conquest of Mrica, and to evaluate the reception of these heroic myths among the public.

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This thesis traces the development of philanthropy as a tradition and movement within the United Kingdom and the British world, with attention to both the inner lives of philanthropists, and the social networks and organizational practices that underpinned the dramatic growth in philanthropic activity between the late 1750s and 1840. In contrast to studies that see philanthropy as primarily responsive to Britain's shifting public culture and imperial fortunes during the period, it argues that philanthropic change was driven by innovations in the internal culture and structures of intersecting commercial and religious networks, that were adapted to philanthropic purposes by philanthropic entrepreneurs. It frames the growth of philanthropy as both a series of experiments in effecting social change, within the United Kingdom and transnationally, and the fostering of a vocationally formative culture across three generations. Chapter one focuses on John Thornton, a prominent merchant and religious patron, reconstructing his correspondence networks and philanthropic practices, and revealing patterns of philanthropic interaction between mercantile and Evangelical clerical networks. Chapter two uses the reports and minutes of representative metropolitan societies and companies to develop a prosopography of more than 4000 philanthropic directors, mapping their nexus of interconnections in 1760, 1788 and 1800, and arguing for the importance of firstly Russia Company networks and later country banking networks for philanthropy. Chapters three and four offer an extended case study of the 'Clapham Sect' as an example of collective agency, reframing their influence within the philanthropic nexus, and, through a close reading of their published works, showing how as intellectual collaborators they developed a unique conception of 'trust' that informed their activism. Chapter five shows how philanthropists extended their reach transnationally, with case studies in Bengal, Sierra Leone and New Zealand, and chapter six addresses multiple paths by which philanthropy became intertwined with Empire and the globalizing world in the British imagination.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

On Tuesday January 19, 1593, after the concluded case of his inquisitorial process, the soldier frontiersman Simon Roiz was imprisoned in the jail of the city of Salvador. Years before, he had left his home in the land of ingenuity Sergipe do Conde (Recôncavo baiano) and he was to the hinterland of the Bahia Province to rescue Gentiles space where found freedom, the loophole that allowed him to take actions that were against Catholic dogmas - Christian was on the coast and in the hinterland gentle, a man with hybrid cultural behaviors. From the sociability of Simon Roiz group, we take as the object of this research the socio-cultural relations between frontiersmen soldiers, Jesuits and Indians in the occupation of northern hinterland Captaincy of Bahia, in the late sixteenth century process. The time frame covers the period between 1590 and 1595, moments in which, respectively, Roiz Simon joined the hinterland and the General Council of the Inquisition was positioned about the sentence he implied. Taking as sources inquisitorial procedures, work from the perspective of cultural history, situating the analysis in the thematic field of |history of beliefs: roundness and cultural hybridity.| In this direction, we use the resources of the Italian micro-history, understood here as an approach that will enable us to know the past through various signs, signals and possibilities. / Na terça-feira de 19 de janeiro de 1593, após os autos conclusos de seu processo inquisitorial, o soldado sertanista Simão Roiz foi preso no cárcere da cidade de Salvador. Anos antes, ele deixara sua morada nas terras do engenho Sergipe do Conde (Recôncavo baiano) e foi para o sertão da Capitania da Bahia para resgatar gentios, espaço no qual encontrou a liberdade, a brecha que lhe permitiu praticar ações que foram de encontro aos dogmas católicos - era cristão no litoral e gentil no sertão, um homem com comportamentos híbrido-culturais. A partir da rede de sociabilidades de Simão Roiz, tomamos como objeto dessa pesquisa as relações socioculturais entre soldados sertanistas, jesuítas e indígenas no processo de ocupação do sertão norte da Capitania da Bahia, no final do século XVI. O recorte temporal compreende o período entre 1590 e 1595, momentos em que, respectivamente, Simão Roiz ingressou no sertão e o Conselho Geral da Inquisição posicionou-se acerca da sentença a ele implicada. Tomando como fontes os processos inquisitoriais, trabalhamos na perspectiva da História Cultural, situando a análise no campo temático da história das crenças: circularidades e hibridismos culturais . Neste direcionamento, fizemos uso de recursos da micro-história italiana, entendida aqui como uma abordagem que nos possibilitará conhecer o passado, através de vários indícios, sinais e possibilidades.

Although the period between 1926 and 1934 was relatively peaceful, Imperial Defence policy-making in Britain focused on threats along the periphery of the Empire. This included a short-lived, but serious concern over Communist expansion in China and Afghanistan and a fear that American naval construction would undermine the Royal Navy's position in the world. The first threat receded by 1928 and the second was met by negotiating the highly successful London Naval Conference of 1930. Throughout these years, the need to reorient the Imperial Defence system to meet a perceived Japanese threat in the Far East, and the Treasury's opposition to the very idea, remained constants within policy-making circles. The world-wide depression led to serious defence cutbacks which the services met largely by cutting back even further on war reserves and mobilization potential. The Japanese assault on Manchuria in 1931, and then in Shanghai in 1932, exposed the inability of the Imperial Defence system to meet a Far Eastern threat. This led to pressure from the navy, in particular, for an increase in service estimates, but the economic situation and the World Disarmament Conference kept the government from agreeing to any significant change in policy. From 1931-193, Imperial Defence concerns were centred on the Far East, but Hitler‘s rise to power in March 1933 turned attention hack toward Europe. Nevertheless, the first large-scale review of Imperial defence deficiencies, the Defence Requirements Sub-Committee, presented a report which balanced the needs of European and Far Eastern defence. In the spring of l934. however, the Cabinet found itself unable to come to a consensus on the DRC's recommendations and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Neville Chamberlain, stepped forward with his own defence vision. He discounted the need for Far Eastern defence and re-oriented defence policy toward homeland defence. It was his intervention that set the tone for British rearmament in the 1930s.

While literary critics heretofore have subordinated Conan Doyle to more "canonical" writers, the author argues that his writings enrich our understanding of the ways in which Victorians and Edwardians constructed their identity as imperialists and that we therefore cannot afford to overlook Conan Doyle's work.

Cette thèse dépeint le contexte artistique dans lequel Marianne Stokes évolue des années 1880 au tournant du siècle suivant. Une étude approfondie a été menée, qui permet de retracer ses premières années d’études d’art à Munich et à Paris, puis au sein de plusieurs colonies d’artistes en France, au Danemark et en Angleterre. Afin de restituer le milieu créatif de Marianne Stokes, des textes et des manuels d’histoire de l’art ancien et actuel furent étudiés. D’autres recherches furent entreprises, appuyées sur la correspondance d’artistes camarades de Marianne Stokes, et sur l’étude de leur accueil critique en France et en Angleterre. Des publications de l’époque sont au centre de ces recherches : autobiographie, narration de voyage, et correspondance. Cette thèse comprend aussi des études comparatives de toiles de Mariannes Stokes avec celles de plusieurs de ses contemporains.Nous cherchons à démontrer que l’art de Marianne Stokes est difficilement réductible à un mouvement artistique en particulier, mais présente les qualités de nombreux styles : naturalisme, impressionnisme, symbolisme, décoratif. Evoluant parmi ces nombreux courants artistiques, l’art de Marianne Stokes possède un certain silence, un sentiment de piété qui est la ligne directrice de son œuvre. / This dissertation recreates the evolution of Marianne Stokes’ art within the context of her artistic milieu from 1880 to the turn of the century. These studies concern first her early school years in Munich and Paris, and then her years among artist colonies in France, Denmark and England. Stokes’ paintings are compared to those of her contemporaries within the artist colonies. Contemporary texts, such as travel journals, biographies, letters and press articles, are used to accurately reconstruct the artist’s milieu. This thesis demonstrates that Marianne Stokes’ body of work cannot be reduced to a specific artistic movement; instead, the style of her paintings ranges from naturalist, decorative, and impressionist to symbolist. Nevertheless, the paintings of Marianne Stokes maintain one distinctive trait; they express a certain silence, an articulation of the artist’s personal piety.