Le premier objectif de notre étude, menée auprès de classes de cours préparatoire, est de détecter les compétences les moins maîtrisées liées à l’identification des mots et à la compréhension d’un texte, à partir d’une grille d’observation des compétences de base mises en place au CP par le ministère de l’Éducation. Le second objectif est d’élaborer et de tester l’efficacité d’un programme de remédiation basé sur des entraînements de processus d’apprentissage de la lecture en CP et de compréhension de textes (l’anaphore et l’inférence), adaptés à des enfants en difficultés âgés de 6 ans. Le nombre d'élèves ayant participé est de 61 : 42 élèves de deux groupes expérimentaux et 19 élèves d'un groupe témoin. Notre recherche a montré que d’une part, les deux groupes expérimentaux d’élèves progressent mieux que le groupe témoin pour 8 compétences sur 10. D’autre part, les progrès réalisés par les élèves ont été maintenus sur la durée et le programme de remédiation s'est révélé efficace autant pour les filles que pour les garçons. / Our first objective in this study, carried out with Year 2 pupils, was to identify the least well- mastered skills relating to the identification of words and the comprehension of a text using a grid of basic skills established by the Ministry of Education. The second objective was to create and test the effectiveness of a remedial program based on training in the process of learning to read in Year 2, and reading comprehension skills (anaphora and inference) adapted for six-year-old pupils with difficulties. The number of pupils taking part in the study was 61: 42 in the two trial groups and 19 in the control group. Our study showed that on the one hand, students the students in the two trial groups made better progress than the control group in 8 out of the 10 skills. On the other hand, progress made by pupils lasted over a period of time and the intervention program showed itself to be equally successful for girls as for boys.

In an attempt to identify a possible pathway to successful research in marriage and family therapy (MFT), publications of three eminent MFT researchers-James Alexander, John Gottman, and Howard Liddle- were content analyzed. These 208 journal articles, books, book chapters, and dissertations were examined for ex tern al factors and patterns across time. Results supported the importance of doing clinical work, having a sustained research interest area, obtaining funding, and maximizing the utility of one's research samples. Implications and recommendations for future researchers, research training, career paths in clinical research , and further research are given.

A Study of the Effect of Cognitive Styles Learning Approaches on Identifying English Clause Tasks Lieu, Pin-huei Abstract The main purpose of this study intended to discuss the effect of Field Independent subjects(FIs), Field Dependent subjects (FDs) of junior high school using Discovery, Rule Learning approaches on identifying English clauses task. The questions explored here were: 1.How did FIs and FDs differently perform on identifying English clauses tasks. 2.How did Discovery and Rule learning approaches differently perform on identifying English clauses tasks. 3.How did FIs / FDs and Discovery/Rule learning approaches create interactive effect on identifying English clauses tasks. The study used experimental research method. The subjects were 90 third grade students of junior high school. According to the scores of Embedded Figures Test students were divided into FI and FD. Then depending on the scores of the prior test on identifying English clauses task, FIs and FDs match with two group to accept Discovery and Rule learning approaches , and each one was composed of 10 students. The instruments was ¡§ Embedded Figures Test¡¨ , ¡§self-made that clauses test ,¡¨and the information acquired was dealt with statistical testing through 2*2 ANOVA .The results indicated as followings. 1.An interactive effect of cognitive style and learning approaches were found through ANOVA. FIs using Discovery learning performed better than using Rule learning ,and FDs using Rule learning performed better using Discovery learning .In sum ,FIs appropriately use Discovery learning approach and FDs appropriately use Rule learning approach on identifying English clauses task. 2.Cognitive style lives up significantly different level .FIs performed better than those of FDs. 3.No overall difference were found between Discovery and Rule learning approach. Finally the study discussed the above results in more detail ,and provided suggestions and references of research concerning teaching of English clauses .

¡@¡@It has been for a long time to develop systems of eye control, which are related to a variety of techniques, such as signal/image processing, characteristics of face identifying/tracking, action-mappings, etc. In terms of implementations, the acquisition of data can be done by either special instruments or by general devices. Such systems can be applied to many fields, for instance, military, medicine, entertainments, and other tasks that are fitted. And for the similar system, the performance differs due to the disparity of distinct situations and the way to use it. ¡@¡@In this thesis, we present a system that takes a sequence of images of a user as inputs, and then integrates methods of elliptical model of head, dual states of eyes, deformable templates, and the most yield filter to track the user¡¦s eyes. A coarse-to-fine strategy is used to rapidly locate the region of eyes and to get the information of eyes in order to translate into corresponding operations on machines. The experiment shows that our system is quite robust and fast so that it can help people who are unable to use physical body well.

Att hitta fel, att kunna lokalisera och identifiera kablar i mark är en aktuell fråga då allt mer friledning ersätts med markförlagd kabel. Att snabbt lokalisera och reparera ett fel sparar pengar för energibolagen och minskar den tid kunderna är utan elförsörjning. Dagens skyddsutrustning har integrerade fellokalisering inbyggd, detta ger dock endast en ungefärlig bild av var fel finns. Mer exakt lokalisering sker med en förlokalisering, nu förtiden används pulsekometoden. En puls skickas ut på den skadade ledaren och en oskadad ledare, pulsen reflekteras i felstället och i kabelendan. Tiden från det pulserna lämnar pulsgeneratorn tills de återvänder jämförs. Detta ger avståndet till felet i meter. Där efter så används en av två efterlokaliseringsmetoder. Stötspänningsaggregat med en markmikrofon, aggregatet genererar ett överslag i felstället, urladdningen kan lokaliseras med hjälp av markmikrofonen. Andra metoden är tongenerator och en sökstav. Tongeneratorn skickar ut en högfrekvent puls på den trasiga ledaren, detta genererar ett magnetfält som kan följas med hjälp av sökstaven. När signalen försvinner så har felet lokaliserats. Kursen Elförfattning och Elinstallation (ELI 200) på Högskolan Väst saknar ett praktiskt övningstillfälle för kabellokalisering, kabelfelsökning och kabelidentifiering. Uppgiften var att ta fram en laboration, där en eller flera mätningar utförs på olika kablar i mark. Laborationen skall ingå som ett obligatoriskt moment i kursen. Målet var att laborationen skulle återspegla en verklig kabellokalisering och en kabelidentifiering. Geografiskt kommer laborationen att utföras på Magnus Åbergsgymnasiets laborationsområde i Trollhättan. Metoder att genomföra examenarbetet bestod av faktainsamling via litteratur och rapporter. Laborationsplatsen var redan förutbestämd. Kontakt med personal ifrån Magnus Åbergsgymnasiet etablerades, laborationen utformades och testades av gruppen samt oberoende part för att upptäcka eventuella brister och för att se att instruktionerna var tydliga. Ett facit med svar och referensvärden utformades och förslag på lärarhandledning skapades. På grund av begränsad tillgång av mätinstrument och av praktisk anledning begränsades laborationen till ett moment med kabellokalisering med hjälp av söksond och ett moment med kabelidentifiering. / Be able to quickly locate and identify a faulty cable and repair it is quite necessary these days, since most power-line this days are buried and power-shortages cost the energy companies a lot of money and are very irritating to the customers. Modern system are integrated whit pre-localizations equipment, the precision is not grate. To locate the problem a method of eco-localizations are deployed, a pulse in sent threw the faulty line and also threw a functional line. The pulse reflects in the fault and in the end of the line, the time deferens results in distends to the faults location. To achieve a more exact position there are two methods in use. A shock-voltage-generator produce an audible detonation in the faults location, the detonations can then be located whit a ground-microphone. The other method in use is a frequency-generator that produces a magnetic-field around the cable. The field can then be traced whit a locator-staff. When the signal disperse the approximate location of the fault is located. The course Electrical ordinance and Electrical installation lacks an applied training session regarding cable fault detection and cable identifying. The task was to develop a laboratory experiment in which one or more cables are identified and located. The lab would be included as a compulsory part of the course. The goal was that the lab would reflect a real work situation including pre-localizing, precise- localizing and in case of multiple cables, a moment of identifying the specific cable. The geographic location for the training session is pre-determined and are placed at Magnus Åbergs high school outdoor practice area in Trollhättan. Methods to carry out the thesis work consisted of gathering facts through literature, reports. The lab was designed and tested to detect any flaws. An answer key of reference values was designed and suggestions for a teacher's guide were created. The delimitations where the access to measuring instruments and fore practical reasons the advisors from University West and the representative from Magnus Åbergs high school decided to limit the training session to cable localization and cable identifying.

DANTAS, Rennan Ferreira. Problemas de código de identificação em grades. 2014. 69 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em ciência da computação)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2014. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-07-12T16:18:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_rfdantas.pdf: 1037258 bytes, checksum: ba52dfcc5e4297fcfb7a3690e788cc4e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br) on 2016-07-21T16:06:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_rfdantas.pdf: 1037258 bytes, checksum: ba52dfcc5e4297fcfb7a3690e788cc4e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T16:06:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_rfdantas.pdf: 1037258 bytes, checksum: ba52dfcc5e4297fcfb7a3690e788cc4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / The identifying code problem was introduced in 1998 by Karpovsky as a way to help fault diagnosis in multiprocessor computer systems Since then the study of this problem and its variants has been developed Antoine Lobstein maintains a bibliography with more than 200 articles on this subject The idea of the problem is to identify any vertex of the graph using just its identifying set which are the vertices of its closed neighborhood in the identifying code Many recent papers have investigated infinite graphs and then the main objective is to obtain identifying codes in these infinite graphs with the smallest possible density In 2005 Ben-Haim and Litsyn proved that the density of an optimum identifying code in the infinite rectangular grid is 7/20 In this dissertation we present a bibliographical study showing several existing results and we provide an alternative proof to the density 7/20 for optimum identifying codes in infinite rectangular grids using the discharging method. / O problema do código de identificação foi introduzido em 1998 por Karpovsky com a finalidade de ajudar no diagnóstico de falhas em sistemas computacionais com multiprocessadores Desde então o estudo sobre esses códigos e suas variantes tem sido desenvolvido Antoine Lobstein mantém uma bibliografia com mais de 200 artigos sobre o assunto A ideia do problema consiste em identificar qualquer vértice do grafo utilizando apenas o seu conjunto de identificação que são os vértices de sua vizinhança fechada que estão no código de identificação Muitos estudos recentes se concentraram em grafos infinitos e com isso o objetivo é obter códigos de identificação nesses grafos infinitos com a menor densidade possível Em 2005 Ben-Haim e Litsyn provaram que a densidade de um código de identificação ótimo da grade retangular infinita é 7/20. Nessa dissertação fazemos um estudo bibliográfico apresentando vários resultados existentes e fornecemos uma prova alternativa para a densidade 7/20 de códigos ótimos em grades retangulares infinitas usando o método da descarga.

Designers e profissionais de diversas áreas de conhecimento têm utilizado a Etnografia com o intuito de aproximar a teoria da realidade na qual pode ser aplicada. No processo de design, a Etnografia propõe uma forma empática de abordar pessoas em seu ambiente de vivência, auxiliando o designer a conhecer a realidade do grupo da forma mais natural possível. Assim, o designer torna-se mais propenso a compreender melhor o comportamento das pessoas e identificar necessidades reais a serem atendidas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo elaborar um Framework para auxiliar o designer na realização da pesquisa com usuários, utilizando métodos que partem de uma abordagem etnográfica para identificar as necessidades de um grupo de pessoas. Para tanto, a revisão de literatura abrangeu o estudo da Etnografia e sua aproximação com a disciplina de Design, concentrando-se, em seguida, nos métodos de pesquisa com usuários. A partir disso, foi possível estabelecer categorias de métodos que se baseiam em diferentes formas de participação do usuário na pesquisa, incluindo métodos comumente aplicados em pesquisas de Marketing, métodos provenientes da Etnografia e métodos com influência do Co-design. Após a revisão de literatura, deu-se início ao desenvolvimento do Framework para Pesquisa com Usuários, realizado em três momentos. Inicialmente, foram definidas as etapas que compõem a pesquisa com usuários; em seguida, foram definidos os manuais e livros utilizados como fontes de referência; por fim, realizou-se uma triagem para selecionar os métodos de pesquisa com usuários. A triagem foi dividida em quatro etapas (listagem, mapeamento, agrupamento e seleção), abrangendo 337 métodos retirados das fontes de referência. Ao final, foram selecionados 45 métodos caracterizados a partir de uma abordagem etnográfica e agrupados de acordo com as categorias estabelecidas. O resultado deste estudo é composto por sugestões sobre importantes aspectos a serem considerados durante a pesquisa com usuários e pelo “Framework para Pesquisa com Usuários”, estruturado em três etapas (Planejar, Coletar, e Organizar), que contém as sugestões elaboradas de forma resumida e os métodos passíveis de aplicação, em conformidade com o objetivo de cada etapa. / Designers and professionals from various fields of knowledge have been used Ethnography in order to bring the theory for the reality in which it can be applied. In design process, Ethnography proposes an empathic manner to approach the user in its context, assisting the designer to know people’s life in the most natural way as possible. Thus, the designer becomes more likely to better understand people’s behaviour and identify real needs to be addressed. This research aimed to develop a Framework to assist the designer in conducting users research, using methods based on an ethnographic approach in order to identify real needs of a group. For such purpose, the literature review covered the study of Ethnography and its approximation with Design discipline, focusing then on methods for users research. From this, it was possible to establish categories of methods that are based on different forms of user participation in research, including methods generally used in Marketing research, methods from Ethnography, and methods influenced by Co-design. After the literature review, the development of the Framework for Users Research was performed in three moments. Initially, the steps of user research were defined; then the manuals and books used as reference sources were defined; and finally, a screening for select methods of user research was carried out. The screening was divided into four stages (listing, mapping, grouping, and selection) including 337 methods taken from reference sources. A whole of 45 methods were selected and characterized from an ethnographic approach, then they were grouped according to the established categories. The result of this study is composed by suggestions about important aspects to be considered during the user research; and by the “Framework for Users Research” structured in three stages – Planning, Collecting, and Organizing, that contains the suggestions briefly and the methods that can be applied in accordance with the purpose of each stage.

The growth of the Internet and social media has led to companies considering the use of influencers in sponsorships and collaborations on Instagram. The subject has been problematized and the gap found is a need for a framework combining different factors when identifying influencers, which resulted in the following research question; From both a company- and consumer perspective, which factors are important to take into account when identifying an influencer for sponsorships and collaborations on Instagram? The purpose is first to identify and incorporate important factors discussed in previous research into a proposed framework, which aims to be used when identifying influencers to sponsor on Instagram. Second, after conducting the empirical research, the framework is extended depending on the new collected information. Background theories and concepts that lay the foundation to influencer marketing are presented. Also, previous frameworks regarding identification of influencers are introduced. The theoretical framework chapter is concluded with a proposed framework alongside introducing the factors. Abductive research strategy is used as well as a method triangulation, using both a qualitative and a quantitative approach. The study is an explorative research due to conducting both a documentary analysis and a questionnaire. The factors studied have shown to be of different importance for companies and consumers. The findings indicate that there are multiple types of influencers. The Updated influencer identification model consists of seven important factors; ideal, trust, popularity, productivity, managing sponsorships and collaborations, information content and visual aspect.

Un fasciagraphe de taille n et de fibre F est constitué de n copies consécutives du graphe F, chaque copie étant reliée à la suivante selon le même schéma. Les rotagraphes sont définis similairement, mais selon une structure circulaire. Dans cette thèse nous caractérisons un ensemble de problèmes combinatoires qui peuvent être résolus de façon efficace dans la classe des fasciagraphes et rotagraphes. Dans ce contexte, nous définissons les (d,q,w)-propriétés closes et stables, et présentons pour de telles propriétés un algorithme pour calculer une solution optimale en temps constant pour l'ensemble des fasciagraphes ou rotagraphes de fibre fixée. Nous montrons que plusieurs problèmes communément étudiés dans la théorie des graphes et NP-complets dans le cas général sont caractérisés par des (d,q,w)-propriétés closes ou stables. Dans une seconde partie de la thèse, nous adaptons cet algorithme générique à trois problèmes spécifiques caractérisés par des (d,q,w)-propriétés stables : le problème du code identifiant minimum, et deux problèmes proches, celui de dominant-localisateur minimum et celui du dominant-total-localisateur minimum. Nous présentons alors une implémentation de l'algorithme qui nous a permis de répondre à des questions ouvertes dans certains rotagraphes particuliers : les bandes circulaires de hauteur bornée. Nous en déduisons d'autres résultats sur les bandes infinies de hauteur bornée. Enfin, nous explorons le problème du code identifiant dans une autre classe de graphes à structure répétitive : les graphes fractals de cycle. / A fasciagraph of length n and of fiber F, is constituted of n consecutive copies of a graph F, each copy being linked to the next one according to a same scheme. Rotagraphs are defines similarily, but along a circular structure. In this thesis, we caracterize a set of combinatorial problems that can be efficiently solved when applied on the class of rotagraphs and fasciagraphs. In this context, we define closed and stable (d,q,w)-properties, and we present, for such properties, an algorithm to compute an optimal solution, in constant time, for the set of fasciagraphs or rotagraphs of fixed fiber. We show that several problems, largely studied in graph theory, are caracterized by closed or stable (d,q,w)-properties. In a second part of the thesis, we adapt the generic algorithm to three problems caracterized by stable (d,q,w)-properties : the problem of minimum indentifying code, and two other, close to this one, the problem of minimum locating-dominating set et the one of minimum locating-total-dominating set. We present an implementation of our algorithm which has let us respond to open questions in a certain sub-class of rotagraphs : the circular strips of bounded height. We deduce from there other results on infinite strips of bounded height. Finaly we explore the problem of minimum identifying code in another class of graphs with repetitive structure : the fractal graphs.

Designers e profissionais de diversas áreas de conhecimento têm utilizado a Etnografia com o intuito de aproximar a teoria da realidade na qual pode ser aplicada. No processo de design, a Etnografia propõe uma forma empática de abordar pessoas em seu ambiente de vivência, auxiliando o designer a conhecer a realidade do grupo da forma mais natural possível. Assim, o designer torna-se mais propenso a compreender melhor o comportamento das pessoas e identificar necessidades reais a serem atendidas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo elaborar um Framework para auxiliar o designer na realização da pesquisa com usuários, utilizando métodos que partem de uma abordagem etnográfica para identificar as necessidades de um grupo de pessoas. Para tanto, a revisão de literatura abrangeu o estudo da Etnografia e sua aproximação com a disciplina de Design, concentrando-se, em seguida, nos métodos de pesquisa com usuários. A partir disso, foi possível estabelecer categorias de métodos que se baseiam em diferentes formas de participação do usuário na pesquisa, incluindo métodos comumente aplicados em pesquisas de Marketing, métodos provenientes da Etnografia e métodos com influência do Co-design. Após a revisão de literatura, deu-se início ao desenvolvimento do Framework para Pesquisa com Usuários, realizado em três momentos. Inicialmente, foram definidas as etapas que compõem a pesquisa com usuários; em seguida, foram definidos os manuais e livros utilizados como fontes de referência; por fim, realizou-se uma triagem para selecionar os métodos de pesquisa com usuários. A triagem foi dividida em quatro etapas (listagem, mapeamento, agrupamento e seleção), abrangendo 337 métodos retirados das fontes de referência. Ao final, foram selecionados 45 métodos caracterizados a partir de uma abordagem etnográfica e agrupados de acordo com as categorias estabelecidas. O resultado deste estudo é composto por sugestões sobre importantes aspectos a serem considerados durante a pesquisa com usuários e pelo “Framework para Pesquisa com Usuários”, estruturado em três etapas (Planejar, Coletar, e Organizar), que contém as sugestões elaboradas de forma resumida e os métodos passíveis de aplicação, em conformidade com o objetivo de cada etapa. / Designers and professionals from various fields of knowledge have been used Ethnography in order to bring the theory for the reality in which it can be applied. In design process, Ethnography proposes an empathic manner to approach the user in its context, assisting the designer to know people’s life in the most natural way as possible. Thus, the designer becomes more likely to better understand people’s behaviour and identify real needs to be addressed. This research aimed to develop a Framework to assist the designer in conducting users research, using methods based on an ethnographic approach in order to identify real needs of a group. For such purpose, the literature review covered the study of Ethnography and its approximation with Design discipline, focusing then on methods for users research. From this, it was possible to establish categories of methods that are based on different forms of user participation in research, including methods generally used in Marketing research, methods from Ethnography, and methods influenced by Co-design. After the literature review, the development of the Framework for Users Research was performed in three moments. Initially, the steps of user research were defined; then the manuals and books used as reference sources were defined; and finally, a screening for select methods of user research was carried out. The screening was divided into four stages (listing, mapping, grouping, and selection) including 337 methods taken from reference sources. A whole of 45 methods were selected and characterized from an ethnographic approach, then they were grouped according to the established categories. The result of this study is composed by suggestions about important aspects to be considered during the user research; and by the “Framework for Users Research” structured in three stages – Planning, Collecting, and Organizing, that contains the suggestions briefly and the methods that can be applied in accordance with the purpose of each stage.