La microsporidie Encephalitozoon cuniculi, parasite intracellulaire obligatoire, pathogène de l'homme, est responsable d'infections opportunistes chez des sujets immunodéprimés. Sa spore est protégée par une épaisse paroi protéo-chitineuse pour laquelle peu de données sur les constituants protéiques sont disponibles. Dans ces travaux, nous avons décrit le protéome exprimé dans les stades tardifs de développement d'E. cuniculi. Grâce à des extractions protéiques séquentielles et une double stratégie d'analyse protéomique, après électrophorèse et "Shotgun", 177 protéines différentes ont pû être identifiées, permettant d'obtenir une vision globale de la physiologie de la spore. L'exploitation de ces données et le développement d'un crible bioinformatique a permis l'identification de 4 protéines de paroi. Le premier modèle dynamique de morphogenèse de la paroi microsporidienne a été proposé grâce au suivi de la localisation de ces protéines durant le cycle de développement

<p>Syftet med den här studien är att jämföra Aftonbladets och Expressens förstasidor under fyra olika år för att se vilka förändringar som har skett. I kontext till detta har vi även undersökt mediemarknadens utveckling. Åren vi har undersökt är 1977, 1987, 1997 och 2007.</p><p>Undersökningsmaterialet är 182 förstasidor som är väl utspridda under de fyra åren. Vi har använt oss av en syntetisk vecka där man till exempel undersöker måndagen från en vecka, tisdagen veckan därpå osv. Vår främsta utgångspunkt har varit Marina Ghersettis forskning om den alltmer utbredda sensationsjournalistiken samt andra teoretiker som forskar inom samma område.</p><p>Den kvantitativa studien visade att brott förekommer mest som huvudnyhet på förstasidorna samt att det förekommer mer nyheter om kändisar än vad det gjorde för 30 år sedan. Den vanligaste huvudaktören är den ”vanliga människan” och huvudnyhetens ursprung och källa är oftast från Sverige.</p><p>Den kvalitativa analysen pekade ut att det har skett en förändring på tidningarnas förstasidor. Bilderna har blivit mindre i storlek men fler samt att reklam på tidningarna förekommer i allt högre utsträckning nu än för 30 år sedan. Undersökningen visade också att tidningarnas förstasidor liknade varandra mer utseendemässigt för varje år som gick.</p> / <p>The purpose of this study is to compare the front pages of Aftonbladet and Expressen in four different years within a period of 30 years to see what changes have been done. We have also examined the development of the media over time. Our examined years are 1977, 1987, 1997 and 2007.</p><p>The material of examination consists of 182 front pages which are well spread over the four years. We have employed a so called synthetic week, meaning that you examine Monday one week, Tuesday the following week, and so forth. Our main starting point has been the research of Marina Chersetti about the increasingly widespread journalism of sensation, as well as other theorists carrying out research within the same area.</p><p>The quantitative study showed that crimes are the most frequently occurring head news on the front pages and that there are more news about celebrities today than 30 years ago. The most common main figure is the “ordinary individual” and the origin of the head news, as well as the source, is mostly Swedish.</p><p>The qualitative analysis pointed out that the front pages have changed. The pictures have become smaller but more numerous, and compared to 30 years ago, advertising occur to a greater extent today. The study also showed that the front pages became more similar in appearance every year.</p>

Syftet med den här studien är att jämföra Aftonbladets och Expressens förstasidor under fyra olika år för att se vilka förändringar som har skett. I kontext till detta har vi även undersökt mediemarknadens utveckling. Åren vi har undersökt är 1977, 1987, 1997 och 2007. Undersökningsmaterialet är 182 förstasidor som är väl utspridda under de fyra åren. Vi har använt oss av en syntetisk vecka där man till exempel undersöker måndagen från en vecka, tisdagen veckan därpå osv. Vår främsta utgångspunkt har varit Marina Ghersettis forskning om den alltmer utbredda sensationsjournalistiken samt andra teoretiker som forskar inom samma område. Den kvantitativa studien visade att brott förekommer mest som huvudnyhet på förstasidorna samt att det förekommer mer nyheter om kändisar än vad det gjorde för 30 år sedan. Den vanligaste huvudaktören är den ”vanliga människan” och huvudnyhetens ursprung och källa är oftast från Sverige. Den kvalitativa analysen pekade ut att det har skett en förändring på tidningarnas förstasidor. Bilderna har blivit mindre i storlek men fler samt att reklam på tidningarna förekommer i allt högre utsträckning nu än för 30 år sedan. Undersökningen visade också att tidningarnas förstasidor liknade varandra mer utseendemässigt för varje år som gick. / The purpose of this study is to compare the front pages of Aftonbladet and Expressen in four different years within a period of 30 years to see what changes have been done. We have also examined the development of the media over time. Our examined years are 1977, 1987, 1997 and 2007. The material of examination consists of 182 front pages which are well spread over the four years. We have employed a so called synthetic week, meaning that you examine Monday one week, Tuesday the following week, and so forth. Our main starting point has been the research of Marina Chersetti about the increasingly widespread journalism of sensation, as well as other theorists carrying out research within the same area. The quantitative study showed that crimes are the most frequently occurring head news on the front pages and that there are more news about celebrities today than 30 years ago. The most common main figure is the “ordinary individual” and the origin of the head news, as well as the source, is mostly Swedish. The qualitative analysis pointed out that the front pages have changed. The pictures have become smaller but more numerous, and compared to 30 years ago, advertising occur to a greater extent today. The study also showed that the front pages became more similar in appearance every year.

There is a lot of research work being performed on indexing the Web. More and more sophisticated Web crawlers are been designed to search and index the Web faster. But all these traditional crawlers crawl only the part of Web we call “Surface Web”. They are unable to crawl the hidden portion of the Web. These traditional crawlers retrieve contents only from surface Web pages which are just a set of Web pages linked by some hyperlinks and ignoring the hidden information. Hence, they ignore tremendous amount of information hidden behind these search forms in Web pages. Most of the published research has been done to detect such searchable forms and make a systematic search over these forms. Our approach here will be based on a Web crawler that analyzes search forms and fills tem with appropriate content to retrieve maximum relevant information from the database.

Facebook自從在台灣推出以來，已有超過一千三百萬的使用者帳號，是最熱門的社群網站，其中蘊含了龐大的使用者資料。從使用者學歷、工作經歷和喜歡的粉絲頁中可以一定程度上地判斷出使用者的背景與喜好，若能利用分析過的資訊將使用者分群，以供交友或導向到可能喜歡的粉絲頁，就能開發潛在客戶進而掌握商機。 本研究旨在完成一個線上系統，透過Facebook上可供擷取個人的資料：學歷、工作經歷以及喜歡的粉絲頁等資訊，針對這些量化過的資訊，經Kmeans將使用者分群分類，藉以作為協同過濾式推薦。目前實驗結果將有效個人資料4417筆進行分群，以使用者喜歡的粉絲頁比例(本研究整合成48種)加上工作經歷與學歷，最終分成10群，以作為交叉推薦之憑據和延伸研究。研究過程分實驗組與對照組，實驗組是本研究推薦的10筆粉絲頁，也就是使用者與所屬群集質心比例相差較多的粉絲頁類型；對照組則是選取使用者與母體中有較多比例差距的10筆，以證明本研究的推薦模型有效。 最後由使用者針對兩組推薦結果進行滿意度評分之比較，總共收回使用者回饋68筆，實驗組與對照組的平均推薦滿意度分數分別為0.5743、0.4268，對兩者作信心水準為95%的t檢定，結果為有充分證據支持實驗組大於對照組，可證明本研究對於推薦準確性的幫助，達成本研究目的。 由此實驗可以確定在Facebook上以使用者屬性為基礎的粉絲頁與人脈推薦是有意義與價值的，也說明真實數據能應用在社群網站的研究。希冀本研究的結果能帶動其他社群網站研究朝使用真實數據去分析佐證，讓社群網站的研究結果能更貼近使用者的真實行為。 / Facebook is one of the most popular social websites in Taiwan, and it has over 13 million accounts with lots of user data. One can tell a user’s background and preference by his education, work experience, and preferred fan pages. If we direct the right user to the right fan pages by analyzing information and clustering users through recommendation or personal connections, we will be able to reach potential customers and to further business opportunities. The goal of this study is to complete an online system to assume collaborative fan page recommendation. Base on users’ education degree, work experience and preferred fan pages, users’ background. Then use the Kmeans algorithm to cluster quantified personal information to recommend fan pages and social relationships. Currently, the result of the experiment shows 10 clusters, which contain 4417 users, and we use it as a foundation of crossing recommendation. To prove the effect of this study, we divide study into two groups, an experimental group and control group. The former one represents recommended top 10 fan pages that include the fan page types with highest difference of percentage between user’s attributes and cluster centroid; the latter one represents top 10 fan pages that include the fan page types with highest difference of percentage between users’ attributes and proportion respectively. Finally, we use users score satisfaction for each group to compare. There are 68 pieces of feedback, and the average satisfaction scores of the experimental group and the control group are 0.5743 and 0.4268, respectively. On both a confidence level of 95% for t-test, the result shows there is more sufficient evidence to support the satisfaction of experimental group than the control group. We can prove accuracy for recommendation to achieve the goal in this study. This experiment determines not only the fan page recommendation based on user attributes on Facebook is meaningful and valuable, but also shows real data can be used in social networking studies. We hope the results of this study can lead other social networking studies to analyze with real users’ data in order to make future study on social networking better reflect real users’ behavior.

An important element in retailing is the use of impulse purchases; generally small items that are bought by consumers on the spur of the moment. By some estimates, impulse purchases make up approximately 50 percent of all spending by consumers. While impulse purchases have been studied in the brick-and-mortar retail environment, they have not been researched in the online retail environment. With e-commerce growing rapidly and approaching $20 billion per year in the Canadian and US markets, this is an important unexplored area. Using real purchasing behaviour from visitors to the Reunion website of Huntsville High School in Ontario Canada, I explored factors that influence the likelihood of an impulse purchase in an online retail environment. Consistent with diminishing sensitivity (mental accounting and the psychophysics of pricing), the results indicate that the likelihood of a consumer purchasing the impulse item increases with the total amount spent on other items. The results also show that presenting the offer in a popup is a more effective location and presentation mode than embedding the offer into the checkout page and increases the likelihood of the consumer making an impulse purchase. In addition, the results confirm that providing a reason to purchase by linking a $1 donation for a charity to the impulse item increases the frequency of the impulse purchase.

An important element in retailing is the use of impulse purchases; generally small items that are bought by consumers on the spur of the moment. By some estimates, impulse purchases make up approximately 50 percent of all spending by consumers. While impulse purchases have been studied in the brick-and-mortar retail environment, they have not been researched in the online retail environment. With e-commerce growing rapidly and approaching $20 billion per year in the Canadian and US markets, this is an important unexplored area. Using real purchasing behaviour from visitors to the Reunion website of Huntsville High School in Ontario Canada, I explored factors that influence the likelihood of an impulse purchase in an online retail environment. Consistent with diminishing sensitivity (mental accounting and the psychophysics of pricing), the results indicate that the likelihood of a consumer purchasing the impulse item increases with the total amount spent on other items. The results also show that presenting the offer in a popup is a more effective location and presentation mode than embedding the offer into the checkout page and increases the likelihood of the consumer making an impulse purchase. In addition, the results confirm that providing a reason to purchase by linking a $1 donation for a charity to the impulse item increases the frequency of the impulse purchase.

Winter rye produces ice-modifying antifreeze proteins upon cold treatment. Two of these antifreeze proteins are members of the large, highly conserved, β-1,3-endoglucanase family. This project was designed to identify glucanase genes that are expressed during cold acclimation, wounding, pathogen infection, drought or treatment with the phytohormones ethylene and MeJa. Additionally, a more detailed proteomic analysis was to be carried out to evaluate the glucanase content of the apoplast of cold-acclimated (CA) winter rye. Results of 2D SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that non-acclimated whole leaf protein extracts contain at least two β-1,3-endoglucanses while CA whole leaf protein extracts contain at least three β-1,3-endoglucanses. Subsequent 2D SDS-PAGE analysis was conducted on the apoplast extracts of NA and CA winter rye plants revealed the limitations of standard 1D SDS-PAGE. The 2-dimensional gel analysis revealed that there is a minimum of 25 proteins within the apoplast of CA winter rye, including at least 5 β-1,3-endoglucanases. Genome walking was used to isolate cold-responsive glucanase genes. The five genes isolated were designated scGlu6, scGlu9, scGlu10, scGlu11 and scGlu12. The cis-element pattern within the promoter of each gene was evaluated using online databases of documented plant cis elements. As expected, all of the promoters contained elements associated with cold, biotic and abiotic stresses, light regulation, and development. The expression patterns predicted by the cis elements in each promoter were compared to the mRNA abundance produced by each gene as detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. In most cases, the abundance of transcripts arising from each gene loosely corresponded to the expression pattern predicted by the cis elements the corresponding promoter. Transcripts of scGlu9, 10 and 11 were present in cold-treated tissues and are candidates for β-1,3-endoglucanases with antifreeze activity. The results presented in this thesis provide additional insight into the apoplast proteome of CA winter rye plants as well as the complexity of the signals controlling the proteins that reside there. Although there are still a number of unresolved questions, this research opens new directions for future studies in the cold acclimation process in winter rye and specifically for the contribution of β -1,3-endoglucanses.

The aim was to explore how the first page of a student newspaper has been changed over time since it was founded in the 1960´s. This thesis explores how the front page of the student newspaper Lösnummer has been changed since it was founded in 1966. It concerns the location and frequency of elements and it is based on theories of layout, the first page and visual communication In addition, the thesis develops a new kind of method for determining the location of elements on the type area. The method is based on the hexadecimal number system. It is formed as a grid which is placed on the first page to determine the location of the elements. It concludes that the frequency of elements had its peak during the 1970´s and has ever since decreased gradually. Image placement has gone from being scattered all over the front page to be centered and increase in size. / Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka hur en studenttidning har förändrats sedan den grundades på 1960-talet. Denna avhandling undersöker hur framsidan av studenttidningen Lösnummer har förändrats sedan den grundades 1966. Den behandlar placering och frekvens av element och är baserad på teorier om layout, första sidan och visuell kommunikation. Avhandlingen utvecklar en ny typ av metod för fastställande av placeringen av elementen på förstasidan. Metoden bygger på det hexadecimala talsystemet då ett rutnät placeras på första sidan för att bestämma placeringen av elementen. Slutsatsen av undersökningen visare att frekvensen av elementen hade sin höjdpunkt under 1970-talet och har sedan minskat successivt. Bildernas placering har gått från att vara utspridda över hela framsidan till vara centreras och öka i storlek.

Information monitoring systems are publish-subscribe systems that continuously track information changes and notify users (or programs acting on behalf of humans) of relevant updates according to specified thresholds. Internet-scale information monitoring presents a number of new challenges. First, automated change detection is harder when sources are autonomous and updates are performed asynchronously. Second, information source heterogeneity makes the problem of modelling and representing changes harder than ever. Third, efficient and scalable mechanisms are needed to handle a large and growing number of users and thousands or even millions of monitoring triggers fired at multiple sources. In this dissertation, we model users' monitoring requests using continual queries (CQs) and present a suite of efficient and scalable solutions to large scale information monitoring over structured or semi-structured data sources. A CQ is a standing query that monitors information sources for interesting events (triggers) and notifies users when new information changes meet specified thresholds. In this dissertation, we first present the system level facilities for building an Internet-scale continual query system, including the design and development of two operational CQ monitoring systems OpenCQ and WebCQ, the engineering issues involved, and our solutions. We then describe a number of research challenges that are specific to large-scale information monitoring and the techniques developed in the context of OpenCQ and WebCQ to address these challenges. Example issues include how to efficiently process large number of continual queries, what mechanisms are effective for building a scalable distributed trigger system that is capable of handling tens of thousands of triggers firing at hundreds of data sources, how to effectively disseminate fresh information to the right users at the right time. We have developed a suite of techniques to optimize the processing of continual queries, including an effective CQ grouping scheme, an auxiliary data structure to support group-based indexing of CQs, and a differential CQ evaluation algorithm (DRA). The third contribution is the design of an experimental evaluation model and testbed to validate the solutions. We have engaged our evaluation using both measurements on real systems (OpenCQ/WebCQ) and simulation-based approach. To our knowledge, the research documented in this dissertation is to date the first one to present a focused study of research and engineering issues in building large-scale information monitoring systems using continual queries.