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The decay of 94 day ¹⁸⁵Os to levels in ¹⁸⁵Re has been studied, using Ge(Li), NaI(Tl), and Si(Li) detectors. The internal conversion spectrum was investigated using the Chalk River 𝛑√2 β-spectrometer. The decay scheme is discussed and some spin assignments are suggested. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

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Σκοπός της εργασίας μας είναι αφού σκιαγραφήσουμε εν συντομία τα κύρια σημεία του Α βιβλίου των Φυσικών, να παρουσιάσουμε την έννοια της μεταβολής όπως αυτή παρουσιάζεται στο Α βιβλίο των Φυσικών. Στη συνέχεια θα εξετάσουμε το ρόλο του υποκειμένου σε αυτή τη θεωρία. Για να το επιτύχουμε αυτό θα βασιστούμε κυρίως στην ανάλυση του κεφαλαίου Ι7 από το Α βιβλίο των Φυσικών. Θα αναπτύξουμε αρχικά τις θέσεις του Αριστοτέλη ως προς τις δύο αυτές έννοιες, της μεταβολής και του υποκειμένου καθώς και τη σχέση τους όπως αυτή προκύπτει από την ανάλυση του Ι7. Τελικός μας προορισμός θα είναι η εξέταση του θέματος της ύλης , θέμα που ακόμη δέχεται διαφορετικές και εν πολλοίς αντικρουόμενες ερμηνευτικές προσεγγίσεις από τους μελετητές του Αριστοτέλη. Πριν όμως από την ανάπτυξη του προς εξέταση θέματος κρίνουμε χρήσιμη την παράθεση εν συντομία μερικών ιστορικών στοιχείων που αφορούν τα Φυσικά , τον Αριστοτέλη και το έργο του. / --

How to become morally virtuous? Among the students of Aristotle, it is often assumed that the philosopher does not have a fully worked-out theoretical answer to this question. Some interpreters (e.g. Burnyeat 1980, most recently Curzer 2012) have, however, recognised that Aristotle may have a comprehensive theory of moral development. However, even those interpreters have made only scarce attempts to study Aristotle’s theory in connection with the questions about his moral psychology. Unlike Aristotle’s theory of moral development as such, several of those questions are among the most debated issues in current Aristotle scholarship - for example, whether we need reason to identify good actions or whether habituated non-rational affects suffice; what makes us responsible for our actions, and how the philosopher conceives the relationship between phronesis and moral motivation. In my thesis, I aim at connecting these important questions with Aristotle’s theory of moral development. I hope to show that this approach will yield a picture on which Aristotle’s theory is divisible into two steps that one has to choose to take in order to become morally virtuous. I argue first that identifying good ends, and actions, requires reason. In order to become morally responsible, a person has thus to develop a rational ability to identify good actions. I show that Aristotle’s term for such ability is synesis. The first step to virtue, I conclude, is to use this ability well, to choose to become virtuous and habituate one’s character into acting well. The second step is to acquire phronesis, understanding why good actions are good, to complement a habituated character. Developing of phronesis requires both considerable experience in acting well and philosophical teaching about ethics, but it is necessary for moral virtue. Although a finely-habituated person is invulnerable to akrasia with regard to pleasures even if he did not have phronesis, Aristotle allows, I show, that he might still be prone to impetuous akrasia, whereas phronimos could avoid akratic behaviour in any situation.

This dissertation argues that: (1) deliberation (bouleusis) is distinguished from theoretical thought, in so far as the former is strictly about the particulars of a given situation, while the latter is about universal concepts; and that (2) deliberation is practical only in so far as it prescribes the best option for action, that is, it prescribes practical truth, but there is no element within the deliberative soul that can initiate an action directly. With these two points in mind, I will show in Chapter One that what lets us consistently cognize the moral ‘end’, the moral first principle, is a character or emotional disposition we acquire as a result of habituation (ethismos). Having explained how the conception of ends can be determined, I provide an argument for the first thesis mentioned above, and claim in Chapter Two that deliberation is not of the ends (ta telê), but is only of the means (ta pros to telos). My argument for the second thesis will lead me to claim in Chapter Three that prohairesis, the conclusion of deliberation, is not an action. I end my argument with an investigation showing that the interpretation of Aristotelian deliberation supported in this thesis secures its justification not only in those discussions that are directly related to the nature of deliberation, but also in the context of other important discussions in Aristotle’s ethics, namely, about the possibility of acrasia (in Chapter Four) and the definition of eudaimonia (in Chapter Five). My argument will provide a better treatment and solution, than existing attempts, of the puzzles surrounding the concepts of acrasia and eudaimonia in Aristotle’s ethics.

John P. Costas. / "March 1, 1951." "This report is essentially the same as a doctoral thesis in the Deprtment of Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology." / Army Signal Corps Contract No. W-36-039 sc-100 Project No. 8-102B-0. Dept. of the Army Project No. 3-99-10-022.

Die Dissertation versucht einerseits die Form, die Methode und die Struktur von Philoponos Kommentar zur Physik neu zu interpretieren und andererseits seine Theorie des Ortes (Topos) eingehend zu untersuchen. Das Buch besteht aus fünf Kapiteln und es enthält ein Vorwort, einen Epilog und ein Literaturverzeichnis. Philoponus schlägt eine doppelte Ortsbestimmung vor. Er unterscheidet zwischen dem Ort, der leer ist, der dreidimensionalen Erweiterung, die sich ontologisch von Körpern unterscheidet, und dem Begriff des Ortes, der von Körpern erfüllt wird. Philoponos strebt danach die Beziehung zwischen dem Ort und dem Körper neu zu definieren und unterstreicht den ontologischen Unterschied, den eine körperlose Erweiterung von einer körperlichen Erweiterung haben sollte. Die Arbeit konzentriert sich auch auf Philoponos Kritik an der Definition von Ort laut Aristoteles und an der Peripatetischen Tradition (Eudemos, Themistios) bezüglich des Ortes des Himmels. Abschließend kommt das Buch zu dem Schluss, dass Philoponos Strategie sowohl in den Exkursen des Kommentars als auch in gewissen Teilen seiner Exegese in drei Stufen dargestellt werden kann: Er weist erstens die Gültigkeit der Kritik von Aristoteles und Themistios gegen das Konzept der lokalen Erweiterung zurück; zweitens greift er die aristotelische Definition des Ortes an, indem er seine Schwächen und Unstimmigkeiten mit der Natur der Dinge zeigt; und drittens stellt er seine eigene Theorie des Ortes dar. Das Ergebnis ist ein wertvolles Argumentarium über den Ort und ein wichtiger Beitrag für die Physik der Spätantike. / The dissertation attempts to interpret afresh, on the one hand, the form, methodology and structure of Philoponus’ commentary on the Physics and, on the other hand, to study in depth his theory of place (topos). The book extends over five chapters and includes a preface, an epilogue and a bibliography. Philoponus attempts a double determination of place. He distinguishes between the place which is void, three-dimensional extension that is ontological different from bodies, and the concept of place that is filled by bodies. Philoponus wishes to redefine the relationship between place and body and he underlines the ontological difference that a bodiless extension should have from a bodily extension. The thesis also focuses on Philoponus’ critique of Aristotle’s definition of place and the Peripatetic tradition (Eudemus, Themistius) regarding the place of the heavens. The book concludes that, Philoponus’ strategy in the digressions of the commentary, but also in certain parts of his exegeses, can be seen in three stages: first, he repudiates the cogency of Aristotle’s and Themistius’ critique to the concept of local extension; second, he attacks the Aristotelian definition of place by showing its weaknesses and inconsistencies with the nature of things; and third, he establishes his own theory of place. The result is a valuable set of arguments regarding place and a major contribution to the physics of late antiquity.

Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva och analysera faktorer som vi anser viktiga att beakta för att förstå bostadshyresmarknaden i Gävle 2011. Hur påverkas marknaden av faktorer som politik, ekonomi och befolkning?   Metod: Denna uppsats är av en kvalitativ metod. Först skedde en datainsamling för att sedan kunna utföra expertintervjuer med personer från viktiga aktörer i Gävle. Förutom primärdata finns även sekundärdata som är framtagen av forskare, till exempel vetenskapliga tidskrifter och artiklar.   Detta examensarbete bygger både på en empirisk- och en teoretisk undersökning. Information har bland annat hämtas ifrån Gävle kommun, Gavlegårdarna, Fastighetsägarna, Regeringen, Sveriges rikes lag, Boverket, Länsstyrelsen samt SCB.   Resultat & slutsats: Bostadshyresmarknaden i Gävle är i en stor förändring. Hyresmarknaden i Gävle har styrts av allmännyttans stora marknadsandel, då hyrorna har reglerats efter allmännyttan. Lagar och förordningar påverkar hyresmarknaden, framförallt då den nya lagen 2009/2010:185 där allmännyttan måste drivas affärsmässigt. Gävle kommuns stora befolkningsökning är en faktor som påverkar hyresmarknaden med även höga produktionskostnader och slopade bidrag har sin påverkan på hyresmarknaden i Gävle.   Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Att undersöka hur lagen 2009/2010:185 har förändrat bostadshyresmarknaden. Hur har priserna ändrats på hyresrätter, har hyran höjts i centrala delar? Har denna lag bidragit till mer nyproduktion av hyreshus?   Uppsatsen bidrag: Hyresrättens viktiga roll på bostadsmarknaden.  Uppsatsen ger en större förståelse för hur upplåtelseformen hyresrätt påverkar en hyresmarknad där allmännyttan har den största marknadsandelen. Uppsatsen ger även en inblick över viktiga aktörer som påverkar hyresmarknaden samt hur stor påverkan ekonomi, demografi, statliga stöd och lagar och förordningar har på bostadshyresmarknaden.