The goal of this research is to compare performance of three analysis methods and three optimization methods for core-megacolumn-outrigger, or CMO skyscrapers. The three analysis methods include a 1D stick analysis, 2D frame analysis, and 3D finite element analysis. The three optimization methods include a trial and error optimization, optimality criteria optimization, and genetic algorithm. Each of these methods was compared by applying an example CMO skyscraper. The 1D stick analysis proved to be the most accurate when compared with the 3D finite element results. The genetic algorithm was recommended as the best optimization method in this research. The 1D stick method in this thesis introduces a new analysis involving an outrigger modification factor. The comparison of these optimization methods for skyscrapers has not been reported in the literature.

No description available.

No description available.

Redan idag har många kommuner i Sverige drabbats av skyfall och ett förändrande klimat indikerar att skyfall kommer bli vanligare. Översvämningar till följd av skyfall kan ge konsekvenser som skador på hus, vägar och även utgöra fara för människors hälsa. Skyfallskartering är ett verktyg som kan användas för att identifiera utsatta områden vid inträffandet av ett extremt regnförlopp. DHI har utvecklat MIKE 21 och MIKE Flood som kan användas vid skyfallsmodellering. MIKE Flood är en kopplad 1D-2D modell där ledningsnätet integreras. MIKE 21 är en 2D modell där regnets transportväg på ytan simuleras, ledningsnätet representeras av ett schablonvärde som dras bort från regnet som belastar modellen. Denna studie avser att jämföra dessa modeller för att undersöka behovet av att integrera ledningsnätet, samt utreda hur olika belastningar på ledningsnätet påverkar resultatet. Denna komparativa studie bygger på att MIKE 21 och MIKE Flood sätts upp för samma område lokaliserat i Nacka. Modelleringen resulterar i en karta som visar vattendjup och översvämningens utbredning. Resultatet visar att den största differensen mellan vattendjupen uppstår för djup mellan 0.1 till 0.3 meter. Vidare ger MIKE Flood generellt en större översvämningsutbredning än MIKE 21. Anledningen till denna skillnad är interaktionen mellan 1D och 2D modellen i MIKE Flood. Valet av schablonvärde är viktigt för MIKE 21 modellen då det har en stor påverkan på översvämningsutbredningen. Ledningsnätet betydelse minskar desto mer extrem nederbörden är. / Several municipalities in Sweden have been affected by cloudbursts and a changing climate indicates a future where these events gets more common. Cloudburst are events where extreme precipitation takes place under a short period of time. The consequences is flooding where damages to property and impede accessibility for emergency vehicles are some possible effects. Flood modelling is a way to identify vulnerable areas so that mitigations can be implemented. For example municipalities can use it when planning for new household areas and infrastructure. The Danish Hydrological Institute (DHI) has developed MIKE 21 and MIKE Flood. MIKE Flood is a coupled 1D-2D model while MIKE 21 is a 2D model. For the coupled model the storm water collection system can be integrated and represented by the model MIKE Urban. In the MIKE 21 model the collection system is represented by withdrawing a standard value from the applied rainfall. This comes with the assumption that the collection system fills up completely with the assumed capacity represented by the standard value. Since, MIKE Flood is a coupled 1D-2D model it requires more time and data to set up than the 2D model. Therefore, this study aims to compare these models in order to evaluate the impact of implementing the storm water collection system. Further, to evaluate how the division of the rain loads to each model affect the modelling results. This thesis is performed by setting up MIKE 21 and MIKE Flood for an area in Nacka. The models will be run for six scenarios, which results in a total of 12 simulations. For the scenarios two different recurrences are tested, a 100 and 50 year cloudburst event. Further, the collection system is represented with three different loads corresponding to a 5, 10 or 20 year rainfall event. The modelling results in maps containing water depths and flood extent. In order to compare the models the generated water depths and extent was compared. If the difference between the models was lower than 0.1 meter they was assumed to generate approximately the same result. In order to examine how well MIKE 21 and MIKE Flood matched in the different scenarios an index, measure of fit, was calculated. Moreover, the interaction between the 1D and 2D model was investigated for MIKE Flood. The result showed that there was a difference in flood depth and extent between MIKE 21 and MIKE Flood. Generally there were more flooded cells in MIKE Flood than in MIKE 21 for each scenario besides one. The larges difference between generated water depths was for depths between 0.1 to 0.3 meters. MIKE flood generates a bigger flood extent downstream along the collection system due to the lack of capacity in those parts of the collection system, along Vikdalsvägen the collection system seem to have the capacity to handle a 5 year load. The probable reason for the difference is the interaction between the collection system and 2D model. The collection system, MIKE Urban, enters new paths for the rain to travel that is not available in a 2D model. In areas where the capacity is reached there will be a flux from the 1D model to the 2D model and in areas whit capacity the flux can be in the opposite direction. The assumption that the collection system fills up entirely is not correct for Nacka. Further, the difference between the results from MIKE 21 and MIKE Flood increased with a higher network load. Which indicates that the importance of the storm water collection system reduces with more extreme precipitation events. That is the reason the index, measure of fit, is higher for the scenarios with a cloudburst of a 100 year return period.

40 light years from Earth an Earth sized exoplanet called Trappist 1d orbits the M-dwarf star called Trappist 1. Trappist 1d is located in the habitable zone where liquid water could exist on the surface of the planet which raises the question: Could Trappist 1d be habitable? Since it is not known what the planet looks like, several simulations of potentially habitable climates were made including different water levels and atmospheric pressures with Earth-like atmospheres. Real observations with JWST and VLT are currently being made for the light passing through Trappist 1d’s potential atmosphere. In order to interpret the data and make any conclusions about the habitability of Trappist 1d, simulated spectra need to be made for the different scenarios. The goal of this project was to produce radiance spectrum of how observations viewed through different instruments would look like for the different planetary scenarios. The result of the project gave spectra that were quite similar, but differed specifically in the depths of the lines, meaning that in theory it could be possible to distinguish between the planetary scenarios via observations. In reality, because of uncertainties in the observations, it is probably not possible to distinguish between the different planetary models, but it might be enough to conclude if the planet has an Earth like atmosphere containing CO2 and H2O or not. / 40 ljusår bort från jorden kretsar en jordlik planet vid namn Trappist 1d runt en röd dvärgstjärna. Trappist 1d ligger i den så kallade beboeliga zonen där det är möjligt för flytande vatten att existera på planetens yta. Detta medför frågan: Finns det förutsättningar för liv på Trappist 1d? Eftersom det inte är känt hur det ser ut på planeten har flera potentiellt beboeliga klimat simulerats för olika vattennivåer och atmosfärstryck med en jordlik atmosfär. Olika instrument på teleskopen JWST och VLT samlar för tillfället in data för observationer genom Trappist 1d:s potentiella atmosfär. För att kunna tolka datan och dra slutsatser om förutsättningarna för liv på Trappist 1d behövs simulerade spektrum att jämföra med. Målet med det här projektet är att producera simulerade radians spektrum för hur observationer med de olika instrumenten hade sett ut för de olika scenarierna. Resultatet gav spektrum som främst skiljde sig i djupet av linjerna i graferna, vilket betyder att i teorin är det möjligt att skilja mellan de olika scenariona för en observation. På grund av osäkerheter i observationen, är det troligtvis inte möjligt i praktiken att se exakt vilket scenario det tillhör, men det kan vara tillräckligt för att säga ifall planeten har en jordlik atmosfär som innehåller vatten och koldioxid eller ej.

L'imagerie par Résonance Magnétique permet de mesurer l'écoulement sanguin. Au niveau cardiovasculaire, elle permet d'acquérir non seulement des images anatomiques du cœur et des gros vaisseaux mais aussi des images fonctionnelles de vitesse par contraste de phase. Cette technique offre des perspectives dans l'étude de la dynamique des fluides et dans la caractérisation des artères, en particulier pour les grosses artères systémiques comme l'aorte dont le rôle est primordial dans la circulation sanguine. Par ailleurs, l'un des paramètres qui entrent en jeu dans la détermination de la fonction cardiaque et du comportement vasculaire est la pression artérielle. La méthode de référence de la mesure de pression dans l'aorte étant le cathétérisme, plusieurs méthodes combinant la modélisation à l'imagerie ont été proposées afin d'estimer un gradient de pression de façon non invasive. Ce travail de thèse propose de mesurer la pression dans un segment d'aorte grâce à un modèle 1D simplifié et en utilisant les données mesurées par IRM et un modèle 0D représentant le réseau vasculaire périphérique comme conditions aux limites. Aussi, afin d'adapter le modèle à l'aorte du patient, une loi de pression exprimant une relation entre la section aortique à la pression et basée sur la compliance a été utilisée. Cette dernière, liée à la vitesse d'onde de pouls (VOP), a été mesurée en IRM sur les ondes de vitesse.Par ailleurs, les séquences de codage de vitesse et d'accélération sont longues et ponctuées d'artéfacts dus au mouvement du patient. Une apnée est requise afin de limiter le mouvement respiratoire. Cependant, la durée de l'apnée atteint 25 à 30 secondes pour de telles séquences, ce qui est souvent impossible à tenir pour les malades. Une technique d'optimisation de séquences dynamiques par réduction du champ de vue est proposée et étudiée. La technique décrit un dépliement des régions repliées par différence complexe de deux images, l'une codée et l'autre non codée en vitesse. Cette méthode réalise une réduction de plus de 25% de la durée d'apnée. / Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is used to measure blood flow. It allows assessing not only dynamic images of the heart and the large arteries, but also functional velocity images by means of Phase Contrast. This promising technique is important for studying fluid dynamics and characterizing the arteries, especially the large systemic arteries that play a prominent role in the blood circulation. One of the parameters used for determining the cardiac function and the vascular behavior is the arterial pressure. The reference technique for measuring the aortic pressure is catheterism, but several methods combining imaging and mathematical modeling have been proposed in order to non-invasively estimate a pressure gradient. This work proposes to measure pressure in an aortic segment through a simplified 1D model using MRI measured flow and 0D model representing the peripheral vascular system as boundary conditions. To adapt the model to the aorta of a patient, a pressure law was used forming a relation between the aortic section area and pressure, based on compliance, which is linked to pulse wave velocity (PWV) estimated on MRI measured flow waves.Scan duration was optimized, as it is often a limitation during image acquisition. Velocity and acceleration sequences require a long time and may cause artifacts. Hence, they are acquired during apnea to avoid respiratory motion. However, for such acquisitions, a subject would have to hold their breath for more than 25 seconds which can pose difficulties for some patients. A technique that allows dynamic acquisition time optimization through field of view reduction was proposed and studied. The technique unfolds fold-over regions by complex difference of two images, one of which is motion encoded and the other acquired without an encoding gradient. By implementing this method, we decrease the acquisition time by more than 25%

Cette thèse présente la conception et l'implémentation d'une nouvelle génération de puces à atomes, ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives expérimentales dans des micropièges magnétiques très anisotropes. Les propriétés thermiques des puces en nitrure d'aluminium sont étudiées en détail. Le dispositif a été optimisé pour piéger de plus grands nombres d'atomes et améliorer la qualité de l'imagerie, notamment en fabriquant un miroir de planéité sub-λ/10 à la surface de la puce.Nous étudions des gaz quasi-1D grâce à des images in situ de profils fluctuants et des méthodes précises de calibration et d'analyse statistique. Nous mesurons des fluctuations non-gaussiennes, ce qui permet de tester sensiblement la thermodynamique du gaz et donne une mesure de corrélations à trois corps. Nous étudions précisément la transition de quasicondensation et mesurons pour la première fois sa loi d'échelle. En régime 3D, c'est une condensation transverse qui déclenche la quasicondensation longitudinale, tandis qu'en régime 1D, la formation d'un quasicondensat est gouvernée par les interactions répulsives et non par la dégénérescence quantique.Obtenant des températures record pour des gaz 1D, nous observons des fluctuations subpoissoniennes lorsque les corrélations atomiques sont déterminées, au moins localement, par les fluctuations quantiques qui dominent les fluctuations thermiques. Nous discutons également la thermalisation étonnamment rapide mesurée en régime 1D profond qui suggère que des collisions effectives à 3 corps brisent l'intégrabilité du système. / This thesis presents the design and implementation of a new generation of atom chips, that open novel experimental possibilities with very anisotropic magnetic microtraps. The thermal properties of aluminum nitride atom chips are studied in detail. We have optimized the set-up in order to trap more atoms and image the clouds as precisely as possible. In particular we have fabricated a miror of sub-λ/10 planeity on top of the chip surface.We study quasi-1D gases using in situ pictures of the fluctuating density pro_les and precise methods for their calibration and statistical analysis. We measure non-gaussian fluctuations, which provides a sensitive test of the thermodynamics of the system and gives a measure of three-body correlations. We study precisely the quasicondensation transition, measuring its scaling for the first time. In the 3D regime, a transverse condensation triggers the longitudinal quasicondensation. In the 1D regime, on the contrary, the appearance of a quasicondensate is governed by repulsive interactions only, and not by quantum degeneracy.Reaching record temperatures for 1D gases, we observe subpoissonian fluctuations which indicate that atomic correlations are determined at least locally by quantum rather than thermal fluctuations. We also discuss our observation of surprizingly e_fficient thermalization deep in the 1D regime, suggesting that e_ffective 3-body collisions break the integrability of the system.

Nesta pesquisa foram analisados dados utilizando os métodos geofísicos Eletromagnético no Domínio do Tempo (TDEM) e Eletrorresistividade (ER) adquiridos na região central da Bacia sedimentar de Taubaté-SP com a finalidade de contribuir com estudos hidrogeológicos e realizar uma caracterização geoelétrica da área. Os dados TDEM foram obtidos por meio da técnica de caminhamento TDEM (CTDEM) usando um loop transmissor (Tx) fixo e uma bobina receptora (Rx) - 3D móvel, também conhecida como técnica fixed-loop. Os dados de ER foram coletados utilizando a técnica de Sondagem Elétrica Vertical (SEV) e perfis de Caminhamento Elétrico (CE). A interpretação das camadas geoelétricas da subsuperfície foram realizadas por meio de inversões individuais TDEM, inversões conjunta 1D de SEV/TDEM coincidentes e de pseudoseções CTDEM geradas através da interpolação dos resultados das inversões individuais TDEM, permitindo, desta forma, gerar um modelo geoelétrico para a região específica dentro do loop transmissor. A área de estudos localiza-se numa área rural da cidade de Taubaté, SP, de maneira que os resultados dos perfis de CTDEM integrados com as inversões conjuntas SEV/TDEM e informações litológicas de poços permitiram mapear o contato entre os sedimentos Quaternários e Terciários (Grupo Taubaté e Formação Pindamonhangaba). O topo do embasamento da bacia na área de estudos foi inferido com base nas informações litológicas de poços catalogados e disponibilizados pelo Sistema de Informações de Águas Subterrâneas e pelo Serviço Geológico Brasileiro (SIAGAS-CPRM). Os resultados apresentam-se de acordo com as informações geológicas e contribuem com as pesquisas hidrogeofísicas no Estado de São Paulo. / In this research the geophysics data were analyzed through the Time Domain Electromagnetic Method (TDEM) and Electrical Method (DC), which one were acquired in central region of sedimentary Taubaté basin, SP, for the purpose to contribute to hydrogeological studies and perform a geoelectrical characterization of this area. TDEM data were obtained by 3D mobile receiver coil (Rx) and transmitter fixed-loop techniques. The DC data were collected using Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) techniques. The geoelectrical layers interpretation of subsurface were performed by TDEM individual invertions and 1D joint inversions VES/TDEM and the TDEM profiles were generated through interpolation of TDEM individual inversions, allowing to generate a geoelectrical model to the specific region inside the loop transmitter. The study area is located around Taubaté city, SP, in a rural area, so that TDEM profile results associated with joint inversions VES/TDEM and wells lithological informations allows mapping the contact between Quaternary and Tertiary (Taubaté Group and Pindamonhangaba Formation) sediments. The top of the basement in the studies area was inferred through of wells informations available in Groundwater Information System and Brazilian Geological Service (SIAGAS-CPRM). The results are consistent with geological informations, contributing with hydrogeophysical studies at São Paulo state.

Nesta pesquisa foram analisados dados utilizando os métodos geofísicos Eletromagnético no Domínio do Tempo (TDEM) e Eletrorresistividade (ER) adquiridos na região central da Bacia sedimentar de Taubaté-SP com a finalidade de contribuir com estudos hidrogeológicos e realizar uma caracterização geoelétrica da área. Os dados TDEM foram obtidos por meio da técnica de caminhamento TDEM (CTDEM) usando um loop transmissor (Tx) fixo e uma bobina receptora (Rx) - 3D móvel, também conhecida como técnica fixed-loop. Os dados de ER foram coletados utilizando a técnica de Sondagem Elétrica Vertical (SEV) e perfis de Caminhamento Elétrico (CE). A interpretação das camadas geoelétricas da subsuperfície foram realizadas por meio de inversões individuais TDEM, inversões conjunta 1D de SEV/TDEM coincidentes e de pseudoseções CTDEM geradas através da interpolação dos resultados das inversões individuais TDEM, permitindo, desta forma, gerar um modelo geoelétrico para a região específica dentro do loop transmissor. A área de estudos localiza-se numa área rural da cidade de Taubaté, SP, de maneira que os resultados dos perfis de CTDEM integrados com as inversões conjuntas SEV/TDEM e informações litológicas de poços permitiram mapear o contato entre os sedimentos Quaternários e Terciários (Grupo Taubaté e Formação Pindamonhangaba). O topo do embasamento da bacia na área de estudos foi inferido com base nas informações litológicas de poços catalogados e disponibilizados pelo Sistema de Informações de Águas Subterrâneas e pelo Serviço Geológico Brasileiro (SIAGAS-CPRM). Os resultados apresentam-se de acordo com as informações geológicas e contribuem com as pesquisas hidrogeofísicas no Estado de São Paulo. / In this research the geophysics data were analyzed through the Time Domain Electromagnetic Method (TDEM) and Electrical Method (DC), which one were acquired in central region of sedimentary Taubaté basin, SP, for the purpose to contribute to hydrogeological studies and perform a geoelectrical characterization of this area. TDEM data were obtained by 3D mobile receiver coil (Rx) and transmitter fixed-loop techniques. The DC data were collected using Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) techniques. The geoelectrical layers interpretation of subsurface were performed by TDEM individual invertions and 1D joint inversions VES/TDEM and the TDEM profiles were generated through interpolation of TDEM individual inversions, allowing to generate a geoelectrical model to the specific region inside the loop transmitter. The study area is located around Taubaté city, SP, in a rural area, so that TDEM profile results associated with joint inversions VES/TDEM and wells lithological informations allows mapping the contact between Quaternary and Tertiary (Taubaté Group and Pindamonhangaba Formation) sediments. The top of the basement in the studies area was inferred through of wells informations available in Groundwater Information System and Brazilian Geological Service (SIAGAS-CPRM). The results are consistent with geological informations, contributing with hydrogeophysical studies at São Paulo state.

O Teste da Simulação de Falar em Público (SFP) é um teste sensível a drogas que interferem com a neurotransmissão mediada por serotonina (5-HT), e algumas evidências sugerem que ele possa recrutar os mesmos sistemas neuronais envolvidos na fisiopatogenia do Transtorno do Pânico (TP). Diferentes fármacos que, direta ou indiretamente, modulam receptores serotoninérgicos, já foram testados em voluntários saudáveis submetidos ao SFP, mas nenhum estudo, até o momento, utilizou drogas que permitissem avaliar o papel de receptores do tipo 5-HT1D na ansiedade. O sumatriptano, um agonista específico de receptores 5-HT1D, parece ser um bom candidato como sonda farmacológica, tendo em vista sua ampla utilização na prática clínica para o tratamento de enxaqueca, com segurança e boa tolerabilidade. A hipótese testada neste estudo foi a de que, devido à ativação de receptores pré-sinápticos 5-HT1D e conseqüente redução na liberação de 5-HT, o sumatriptano aumentaria o medo provocado pelo SFP. Para tanto, foi conduzido um estudo duplo cego, randomizado, utilizando 36 voluntários saudáveis do sexo masculino, distribuídos em três grupos de tratamento: placebo (n = 12), 50mg (n = 12) ou 100mg (n = 12) de sumatriptano, administrado duas horas antes do SFP. Antes, durante, e após o SFP, medidas subjetivas de ansiedade foram registradas através da Escala Analógica Visual do Humor (VAMS) e da Escala dos Sintomas Somáticos (ESS). Também foram tomadas medidas fisiológicas de ansiedade (pressão arterial, freqüência cardíaca, dosagem hormonal e eletrocondutância da pele). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise multivariada de variância, sendo a medida basal utilizada como covariada (MANCOVA). O grupo tratado com 100mg de sumatriptano apresentou aumento mais pronunciado da ansiedade subjetiva do que os grupos tratados com 50mg de sumatriptano e com placebo durante as fases de preparação e de desempenho. O grupo tratado com 100 mg de sumatriptano também mostrou-se mais alerta na fase de preparação e desempenho do que o grupo placebo. Não foram observados efeitos significativos do tratamento sobre as medidas de pressão arterial, freqüência cardíaca e eletrocondutância da pele. O sumatriptano provocou redução dos níveis de prolactina, independentemente da fase da sessão experimental, mas não interferiu nos níveis de cortisol plasmático. Por outro lado, observou-se um amento dos níveis de cortisol plasmático imediatamente após o SPF, em comparação com os níveis pré-teste, independente do grupo de tratamento. A redução da disponibilidade de 5-HT levou a um aumento do medo provocado pelo SFP, o que está de acordo com a proposição de que a diminuição de 5-HT na matéria cinzenta periaquedutal dorsal (MCPD) aumenta o medo incondicionado. Devido a esse efeito ansiogênico do uso agudo do sumatriptano também poder ocorrer na prática clínica, em pacientes com migrânea, deve-se atentar para a possibilidade da manifestação de sintomas semelhantes aos de ataque de pânico em pacientes ansiosos. A diminuição da função 5-HT também provocou redução dos níveis plasmáticos de prolactina, provavelmente pela facilitação da transmissão dopaminérgica. Por sua vez, embora discreto, o aumento dos níveis plasmáticos do cortisol sugerem uma atuação do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal (HHA) pelo SFP. A interpretação da resposta do cortisol ao estresse psicológico é complexa e depende de vários fatores, como tema do discurso, tipo de avaliação social, falta de controle da situação, tamanho amostral e estratégias de regulação emocional do voluntário. Mais estudos são necessários para elucidar o papel dos receptores 5-HT1D na ansiedade e para compreender a resposta do cortisol ao estresse psicológico. / The Simulated Public Speaking Test (SPS) is an experimental model sensitive to drugs that interfere with the neurotransmission mediated by serotonin (5-HT). It has been proposed that the SPS recruits the same neural systems involved in the pathophysiology of panic disorder (PD). Different drugs that directly or indirectly modulate serotonin receptors, have been tested in healthy volunteers submitted to the SFP, but no study have been carried out so far for assessing the role of 5-HT1D receptors in anxiety. Sumatriptan, a specific agonist of 5-HT1D receptors, seems to be a good candidate as a probe drug, given its wide use in clinical practice for the treatment of migraine, with good safety and tolerability. The hypothesis tested in this study was that, due to the activation of presynaptic 5-HT1D receptors and consequent reduction in the release of 5-HT, sumatriptan would increase the fear caused by the SPS. To that end, we conducted a double-blind, randomized study using 36 healthy male volunteers who were divided into three treatment groups: placebo (n = 12), 50mg (n = 12) or 100mg (n = 12) of sumatriptan, administered two hours before the SFP. Before, during, and after the SPS, subjective measures of anxiety were recorded by Visual Analogue Mood Scale (VAMS) and the Bodily Symptom Scale (BSS). Physiological measures were also taken for anxiety (blood pressure, heart rate, hormone dosage and skin conductance). The results were submitted to multivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA) with the baseline measures as covariate. The group treated with 100 mg of sumatriptan was more anxious than, respectively, 50mg and placebo groups during the test, and also proved to be more alert in preparation and performance than the placebo group. There were no significant effects of treatment on measures of blood pressure, heart rate and skin eletrocondutance. Sumatriptan caused a reduction of prolactin levels, independently of the experimental phase of the session, but did not interfere with plasma cortisol levels. On the other hand, there was an increased of plasma cortisol levels immediately after the SPF, compared with the pre-test, independently of treatment group. The reduced availability of 5-HT led to an increase of fear caused by the SFP, which is consistent with the proposition that a reduction of 5-HT in the dorsal periaqueductal gray (MCPD) increases unconditioned fear. Because of this anxiogenic effect of acute use of sumatriptan also can occur in clinical practice in patients with migraine should be alert to the possibility of manifestation of symptoms similar to panic attacks in patients anxious. The decreased function of 5-HT also caused a reduction in plasma levels of prolactin, probably by facilitating dopamine transmission. In turn, although slight, the increase in plasma cortisol levels suggest a role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) for the SFP.The interpretation of the cortisol response to psychological stress is complex and depends on several factors, such as theme of the discourse, type of social assessment, lack of control of the situation, sample size, emotional regulation strategies of the volunteer. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of 5-HT1D receptors in anxiety and to understand the cortisol response to psychological stress.