Bile is a biofluid synthesized by liver and concentrated in the gallbladder. Interference with the bile flow may cause cholestasis. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an inflammatory cholestatic disorder which eventually may result in liver cirrhosis and failure. The management of PSC is controversial. The only effective treatment for end stage disease is orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). However, cholangiocarcinoma (CC), which is the major complication of this long-lasting disease, is an absolute contraindication for the surgery. Therefore, early diagnosis of the disease can not only improve the outcome of PSC, but also facilitate the allocation of donated livers to those who can benefit from transplantation. Unfortunately, the diagnosis of CC is challenging. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), the gold standard technique, is highly invasive. Non-invasive alternatives such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) have lower accuracy. Therefore, it is essential to develop more accurate and less invasive diagnostic techniques. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an evolving technique with potential to detect disease-related metabolic changes. In vitro studies have proven the capacity of MRS in the early detection of hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) disorders based on the metabolic analysis of bile obtained invasively. An in vivo alternative has been attempted by others on human bile within the gallbladder. However, due to the poor quality of the acquired spectra, quantification of most major bile metabolites was not possible, except for choline-containing phospholipids (chol-PLs). In the current study, the quality of the in vivo 1D spectra has been greatly improved, and we have obtained the first 2D L-COSY spectra from bile within the gallbladder. Spectral data from healthy controls and PSC patients were compared. Statistically significant differences in the concentrations of chol-PLs, and glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile acids were revealed in the 1D analysis. Our 2D spectra also demonstrated potential for the detection of metabolic differences between the two groups. The success of these studies indicates a strong potential of in vivo bile MRS techniques to characterize and diagnose a wide variety of HPB disorders. / May 2014

Des élastomères renforcés modèles sont étudiés afin de mettre en relation leur structure microscopique avec leur comportement mécanique macroscopique. Tout d'abord, la dynamique des chaînes de polymères est étudiée par RMN. Nous mettons en évidence l'existence d'un gradient de température de transition vitreuse autour des charges solides. Nous interprétons ainsi le comportement de plusieurs échantillons à différentes températures avec simplement deux paramètres : l'épaisseur due aux greffons et la taille caractéristique du gradient. Ce modèle de gradient reste valable lors de l'ajout de solvant et permet également d'interpréter les résultats de calorimétrie des échantillons. Par ailleurs, les propriétés mécaniques des échantillons sont mesurées en cisaillement sinusoïdal. En plus de l'effet Payne classiquement observé pour les élastomères renforcés, une non harmonicité des signaux est détectée. Leur analyse montre la présence d'un raidissement et d'une rhéofluidification à l'intérieur de chaque cycle de sollicitation. Par comparaison avec des simulations obtenues par le modèle de renforcement par ponts vitreux, nous pouvons attribuer ce comportement à la cinétique de destruction - reformation des ponts vitreux au cours des sollicitations. Enfin, l'arrangement des particules dans chaque échantillon est déterminé grâce à des simulations Monte-Carlo inverses à partir de résultats de diffusion de neutrons. En faisant le lien avec les mesures de dynamique, nous montrons qu'en plus de la couche de polymère vitreux autour des particules, il existe une fraction de polymère plus faiblement ralenti qui joue un rôle non négligeable dans l'effet Payne.

Infection by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) leads to inflammation of the liver, i.e. hepatitis. The acute infection often progresses to a chronic phase during which the liver function is gradually impaired. Approximately 20% of these chronic cases develop liver cirrhosis, with an ensuing increased risk of liver cancer. Global estimates of the total number of chronic cases range from 123–170 million. Yet, neither specific anti-HCV drugs nor vaccines are available. When drugs become available for daily clinical use, rapid development of drug-resistant strains is expected, making resistance an important issue. One of the most studied targets for specific anti-HCV drugs is the NS3 protease. The main objectives of the work presented in this thesis were to design and synthesise peptidomimetic inhibitors of this enzyme, and to establish the structure–activity relationships (SARs) regarding the inhibition of the wild type as well as of the known resistant variants A156T and D168V. Substituted prolines are common P2 residues in HCV NS3 protease inhibitors. To decrease the peptide character of the inhibitors, the non-coded phenylglycine was evaluated as a proline replacement in combination with known and novel P3 and P1 residues and P2 substituents. The results confirmed that phenylglycine is a promising P2 scaffold, with a possible π-stacking interaction with histidine 57 of the active site. However, to benefit from its full potential, additional optimisation is required. A 2(1H)-pyrazinone-based scaffold was introduced as P3 residue. Utilising the scope of the method developed for the pyrazinone scaffold synthesis, the phenylglycine side-chain was transferred to the scaffold. In combination with an aromatic P1 building-block, this design yielded achiral, peptidomimetic inhibitors, three times more potent than the tripeptide lead. The SARs for the inhibition of the resistant variants A156T and D168V were investigated for compounds based on either P2 proline or phenyl­glycine. It was concluded that the vulnerability of the inhibitors to alterations in the enzyme depends on the P2 and the P1 residue, not only on the P2 as previously suggested. These results provide important information for the design of a new generation of inhibitors with improved properties.

The goal of our research endeavor was to successfully employ modern lead discovery and optimization strategies towards the development and identification of compounds possessing antimalarial activity. Preliminary data from in vitro screening at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research identified several chemotypes including 4(1H)-quinolones and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridones to have potent antimalarial activities. Multiple synthetic routes were devised and implemented which enabled the rapid preparation and isolation of over 400 structurally diverse 4(1H)-quinolones and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridones. Our research towards discovering and optimizing antimalarials was inspired from the severe impact malaria has had on our planet especially on impoverished countries. There are over 300 million cases annually and over one million deaths. The staggering mortality rates combined with the global emergence of chemical resistance that the parasite Plasmodium falciparum has developed towards many of the common antimalarials compelled us to extend our research efforts to this growing problem. The need for identifying and developing new antimalarial drugs is very important. However, our approach focuses on the optimization of historic antimalarials such as endochin, floxacrine, or ICI 56,780 which possess liabilities such as lack of poor solubility, poor in vivo activity or lingering toxicity issues. Through these optimization efforts using both SAR and structure-property relationship (SPR) studies, a more suitable candidate was developed that had superior physicochemical properties. Our drug design approach included not only the identification of liabilities of historic compounds but also the synthesis and optimization of numerous analogs guided by SAR. All compounds were tested in vitro for antimalarial activity and characterized in parallel for physicochemical properties such as solubility, permeability, and logD7.4. Insights from both the antimalarial activity as well as the physicochemical properties determined which analogs would be advanced in the design process. Based on our early investigations, 6-chloro-7-methoxy-3-phenyl-4(1H)-quinolone emerged as a promising hit. Compared to endochin, which possesses EC50s of 8.6 nM and 46.6 nM against drug resistant strains W2 and TM90C2B, and a solubility of less than 2 µM, 6-chloro-7-methoxy-3-pheny-4(1H)-quinolone was superior with a 4-fold improvement in solubility (6 µM) as well as slightly improved antimalarial activity (EC50s of 26.2 nM and 15.3 nM against W2 and TM90C2B, respectively). Unfortunately, this compound failed to reduce parasitemia levels in P. berghei infected mice. Hit-to-lead optimization lead to the discovery of 6-chloro-7-methoxy-2-methyl-3-o-tolyl-4(1H)-quinolone which was shown to reduce parasitemia levels by 41% at day 6 post-exposure (PE) in P. berghei infected mice at a 50 mg/kg dose. The observed in vivo activity of 6-chloro-7-methoxy-2-methyl-3-o-tolyl-4(1H)-quinolone was believed to relate to the 3-fold increase in solubility (19 µM) over the 3-phenyl-susbtituted analogue. Continuation of SAR and SPR studies identified additional 4(1H)-quinolones suggesting that the microsomal stability of the compounds is as important for in vivo efficacy as the aqueous solubility. Several of the analogs that showed minimal degradation in human microsomal stability studies demonstrated increased in vivo activity in the ranges of 72-98% parasitemia reductions on day 6PE in P. berghei infected mice at 50 mg/kg. These results helped refine the final SAR and SPR optimization identifying a compound with radical curative activity in mice (99% parasitemia reductions on day 6PE in P. berghei infected mice at 50 mg/kg with five out of five mice surviving beyond 30 days). Theses studies not only highlight the effectiveness of detailed SAR and SPR strategies used in drug discovery programs, but they also showcase the importance of re-evaluating historic antimalarials and exploiting their shortcomings. These studies have opened the doors to several possibilities regarding the 4(1H)-quinolone scaffold optimization for future antimalarial development. Several of the compounds described in this work are currently being subjected to stringent head-to-head comparative studies to determine the analog best suited for pre-clinical trials.

Since the first approved hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease inhibitors in 2011, numerous direct acting antivirals (DAAs) have reached late stages of clinical trials. Today, several combination therapies, based on different DAAs, with or without the need of pegylated interferon-α injection, are available for chronic HCV infections. The chemical foundation of the approved and late-stage HCV NS3 protease inhibitors is markedly similar. This could partly explain the cross-resistance that have emerged under the pressure of NS3 protease inhibitors. The first-generation NS3 protease inhibitors were developed to efficiently inhibit genotype 1 of the virus and were less potent against other genotypes. The main focus in this thesis was to design and synthesize a new class of 2(1H)-pyrazinone based HCV NS3 protease inhibitors, structurally dissimilar to the inhibitors evaluated in clinical trials or approved, potentially with a unique resistance profile and with a broad genotypic coverage. Successive modifications were performed around the pyrazinone core structure to clarify the structure-activity relationship; a P3 urea capping group was found valuable for inhibitory potency, as were elongated R6 residues possibly directed towards the S2 pocket. Dissimilar to previously developed inhibitors, the P1’ aryl acyl sulfonamide was not essential for inhibition as shown by equally good inhibitory potency for P1’ truncated inhibitors. In vitro pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluations disclosed a marked influence from the R6 moiety on the overall drug-properties and biochemical evaluation of the inhibitors against drug resistant enzyme variants showed retained inhibitory potency as compared to the wild-type enzyme. Initial evaluation against genotype 3a displayed micro-molar potencies. Lead optimization, with respect to improved PK properties, were also performed on an advanced class of HCV NS3 protease inhibitors, containing a P2 quinazoline substituent in combination with a macro-cyclic proline urea scaffold with nano-molar cell based activities. Moreover, an efficient Pd-catalyzed C-N urea arylation protocol, enabling high yielding introductions of advanced urea substituents to the C3 position of the pyrazinone, and a Pd-catalyzed carbonylation procedure, to obtain acyl sulfinamides, were developed. These methods can be generally applicable in the synthesis of bioactive compounds containing peptidomimetic scaffolds and carboxylic acid bioisosteres.

The research work reported in this thesis deals with the development of novel NMR experimental techniques for the spectroscopic discrimination of enantiomers dissolved in a chiral liquid crystalline medium. The information on the chemical shifts and coupling constants pertaining to each enantiomer has been derived on the investigated chiral molecules. The enantiomeric excess (ee), a parameter which is of profound importance in pharmaceutical industry and in asymmetric synthesis, has also been measured. A special attention is paid to the use of high sensitivity of H NMR for chiral discrimination. Typical analyses of H NMR spectra are severely hindered due to enormous spectral inhomogeneous broadening arising from too many unresolved transitions, in addition to superposition of spectra from both the enantiomers. Therefore, the major part of the work is focused on the design and application of pulse sequences to overcome many of these drawbacks. This helps to achieve very high resolution, discerning of overlapped transitions, identification of resonances pertaining to each enantiomer and simplification of the spectrum for easy extraction of spectral parameters, in addition to the accurate measurement of ee. Initially a brief discussion is provided on enantiomers, diastereomers, basic principles of NMR spectroscopy, the several interaction Hamiltonians responsible for yielding the NMR spectra, introduction to product and polarization operator formalisms that gives insight into the spin dynamics for designing appropriate two-dimensional (2D) NMR experiments. This sets the foundation to understand the complex multiplet structures of the diagonal peaks and cross peaks in the resulting 2D spectrum. Subsequently, a brief introduction is given for the available techniques for NMR spectroscopic discrimination of enantiomers in isotropic medium, where only chemical shifts are employed as a measurable parameter. The limitations of these techniques are circumvented by the introduction of other anisotropic NMR parameters, such as homo-and hetero-nuclear dipolar couplings, quadrupolar couplings and chemical shift anisotropies. To achieve this goal the enantiomers are dissolved in weakly aligning chiral liquid crystalline (CLC) medium. To understand this, a general introduction to liquid crystals and their utility as an alignment medium in NMR spectroscopy and the anisotropic interactions affecting the NMR spectrum has also been provided. The preparation of the CLC phase of Poly-γ-Benzyl-L-Glutamate (PBLG) employed in the present study and its orientational behaviour has been discussed. The detection of NMR spectra of various nuclei and the interaction parameters utilized for chiral discrimination will be enumerated. A brief summary of the experiments employed for the spectral analyses of the enantiomers dissolved in PBLG will also be presented.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:59:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3288068 bytes, checksum: 0a30af77d23fdb0cbfe338a83f189634 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Population´s commonsense regards crack cocaine as an impure byproduct of cocaine. In Brazil, the cocaine levels in crack samples or the profiling of its adulterants is not a mandatory analysis of official forensic laboratories. The state of Paraiba has shown a marked increase in the number of analyses done on crack cocaine samples seized by the police forces between 2007 and 2010, rising from 250 to 575 analyses. On the other hand, there is no literature data on the concentration of cocaine on these samples. The present study aimed at developing and validating a method based on quantitative hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-qNMR) to determine cocaine in crack cocaine samples seized within the state of Paraiba. 1H-qNMR is a primary analytical method and can become accurate and precise when certain acquisition and processing parameters are properly set. The 1H-qNMR method was compared to a high performance liquid chromatography method with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA). The results from both methods allowed us to determine that the average concentration of cocaine in the samples was higher than 70%. The average concentration determined by the 1H-qNMR method was 71.9%, with samples ranging from 5.2 to 89.1%. The results from the HPLC-PDA method were slightly higher, with an average figure of 74.4% and samples ranging from 4.9 to 93.8%. The best correlation between HPLC-PDA and 1H-qNMR data was obtained when integration from region 7 of the spectrum was used (singlet signal at 3.6 ppm from the methyl protons of the ester function) yielding a Pearson´s correlation coefficient of 0.83. Precision and accuracy of the 1H-qNMR method was sensitive to several acquisition and processing parameters that need to be optimized. The HPLC-PDA method developed proved to be fast, accurate and precise for the quantification of cocaine in 47 samples of seized crack cocaine. In addition, the analysis of crack cocaine samples by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed that the main adulterant present in the samples was phenacetin, a result that was confirmed by the 1H-NMR data. / O senso comum da população tem o crack como um subproduto impuro da cocaína. No Brasil, a análise do teor de cocaína em amostras de crack ou a pesquisa de adulterantes adicionados não constitui rotina nos laboratórios oficiais das perícias forenses. O estado da Paraíba apresentou um crescente número de análises em amostras de crack apreendidas pelas forças policiais entre os anos de 2007 e 2010, passando de 250 para 575 exames. Por outro lado, não existem na literatura dados sobre o teor de cocaína nestas amostras. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia baseada no uso da espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear quantitativa de hidrogênio (RMNq-1H) para avaliar o grau de pureza de amostras de crack apreendidas no estado da Paraíba. A RMNq-1H é um método analítico primário e pode tornar-se exata e precisa quando satisfeitos parâmetros de aquisição e processamento dos dados. O método de RMNq-1H foi comparado à metodologia desenvolvida e validada baseada em cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a detector de arranjo de diodos (CLAE-DAD). Os resultados das duas metodologias permitiram determinar que o teor médio de cocaína nas amostras foi superior a 70%. O teor médio de cocaína determinado pelo método de RMNq-1H foi de 71,9%, com amostras variando entre 5,2 a 89,1%. Os resultados do método de CLAE-DAD foram ligeiramente superiores, onde o teor médio de todas as amostras foi de 74,4%, com amostras variando entre 4,9 e 93,8% de cocaína. A melhor correlação obtida entre os resultados de CLAE-DAD e RMNq-1H foi aquela que utilizou a região 7 (singleto em 3,6 ppm correspondente a metila da função éster), com coeficiente de correlação de Pearson de 0,83. A precisão e exatidão da RMNq-1H mostrou-se sujeita a diversos parâmetros de aquisição que precisam ser otimizados. Por sua vez a metodologia por CLAE-DAD mostrou-se rápida, exata e precisa para quantificação de cocaína em 47 amostras de crack analisadas. Além disso, as amostras foram submetidas a análise por cromatografia a gás acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG/EM), mostrando que o principal adulterante nas amostras foi a fenacetina, dado confirmado por RMN-1H.

NOGUEIRA, Patricia Coelho do Nascimento. Estudo Cromatográfico, Espectroscópico e Farmacológico de Alcaloides Plumeranos das Sementes de Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. 2014. 256 f. Tese (Doutorado em química)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2014. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-06-02T20:02:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_pcnnogueira.pdf: 13006113 bytes, checksum: bbaa4da45dd7ef891d626003196bbfe3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-07-20T20:05:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_pcnnogueira.pdf: 13006113 bytes, checksum: bbaa4da45dd7ef891d626003196bbfe3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-20T20:05:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_pcnnogueira.pdf: 13006113 bytes, checksum: bbaa4da45dd7ef891d626003196bbfe3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / This work reports the phytochemical analysis from seeds of Aspidosperma pyrifolium (Apocynaceae), describing the isolation and the structural characterization of a unknown alkaloid with a rearranged plumeran skeleton, the (-)-(3S,7S,21R)-rel-(3αH)-15(14→3)-abeo-2,16,17,20,6,7-hexahydro-15H,8aH,16a,20a-ethano-1H-indolizino[3,1-cd]carbazole, in addition to eleven known compounds, six plumeran alkaloids identified as aspidospermine, demethoxyaspidospermine, pirifoline, 15-demethoxypirifoline, aspidofractinine and N-acetylaspidofractinine; a tetrahydro-β-carboline alkaloid, the N-methylakuammidine; the glycosides of two iridoids, loganic acid and loganin; a salycilic acid derivative, 2-hydroxy-3-O--D-glucopyranosylbenzoic acid; and a methyl inositol derivative, the 2-O-methyl-L-chiro-inositol. The compounds were isolated by chromatographic techniques, especially High Performance Liquid Chromatography, and their structures were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR and HRESIMS, and comparison with data from literature. Altough already reported in the literature, five compounds are being reported for the first time for the species, and one is being reported from a natural source. The NMR data, and the correspondent assignments of some alkaloids already reported in the literature, together with a bibliographic survey (from 1973-2013) of the 13C NMR data of plumeran alkaloids isolated from the Apocynaceae family, are presented in this work. The residual aqueous fraction of the liquid-liquid partition of the ethanol extract from seeds of A. pyrifolium, source of most compounds isolated, showed antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in the formalin test, abdominal writhing induced by acetic acid, and paw edema induced by carrageenan. / Este trabalho relata o estudo fitoquímico das sementes de Aspidosperma pyrifolium (Apocinaceae), descrevendo o isolamento e a determinação estrutural de um alcaloide inédito com esqueleto plumerano rearranjado, o (-)-(3S,7S,21R)-rel-(3αH)-15(14→3)-abeo-2,16,17,20,6,7-hexahidro-15H,8aH,16a,20a-etano-1H-indolizino[3,1-cd]carbazol, além de onze compostos conhecidos, seis alcaloides plumeranos identificados como aspidospermina, desmetoxiaspidospermina, pirifolina, 15-desmetoxipirifolina, aspidofractinina e N-acetilaspidofractinina; um alcaloide tetra-hidro-β-carbolínico, a N-metilacuamidina; dois iridoides glicosilados, ácido logânico e loganina; um derivado do ácido salicílico, o ácido 2-hidróxi-3-O-β-D-glicopiranosilbenzóico; e um derivado metilado do inositol, o 2-O-metil-L-quiro-inositol. Os compostos foram isolados por técnicas cromatográficas, principalmente a Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência, e suas estruturas foram determinadas através de análises por RMN, uni e bidimensionais, IV e EMAR, além da comparação com dados da literatura. Apesar de já descritos na literatura, cinco compostos são relatados pela primeira vez para a espécie, e um está sendo relatado pela primeira vez como produto natural, de origem vegetal. A revisão dos dados de RMN da literatura de alguns alcaloides isolados, e as correspondentes correlações estruturais, juntamente com um levantamento bibliográfico (de 1973 a 2013) dos dados de RMN 13C de alcaloides plumeranos isolados da família Apocinaceae, também são descritos neste trabalho. A fração aquosa resultante da partição líquido-líquido do extrato etanólico das sementes de A. pyrifolium, fonte da maioria dos compostos isolados, apresentou atividades antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória nos testes de formalina, contorção abdominal induzida pelo ácido acético e edema de pata por carragenina.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The present research describes a simple and efficient procedure to synthesize a novel series of twenty N-(pyrimidinyl)-1H-(benzo[d]azolyl)amines, from the cyclocondensation reaction of (benzo[d]azolyl)guanidines with 4-alkoxy-4-alkyl(aryl/heteroaryl)-1,1,1-trifluoroalk-3-en-2-ones and 2,2,2-trifluor-1-(2-methoxycyclohexen-1-en-1-yl)ethanone. The (benzo[d]azolyl)guanidines precursors were further obtained from reactions of cyanoguanidine with o-phenylenediamine or 2-aminothiophenol and the trifluoromethylated vinyl ketones from trifluoroacetylation of enolethers or acetals. The reactions were optimized for water as solvent and when were carried out in under reflux for 1 24 h allowed to isolate the respective N-(pyrimidinyl)-1H-(benzo[d]azolyl)amines in 60 to 90 % yields. / O presente trabalho descreve um procedimento simples e eficiente para sintetizar uma nova série de 20 N-(pirimidinil)-1H-(benzo[d]azolil)aminas a partir de reações de ciclocondensação de (benzo[d]azolil)guanidinas com 4-alcóxi-4-alquil(aril/heteroaril)-1,1,1-trifluor-3-alquen-2-onas ou 2,2,2-triflúor-1-(2-metoxiciclohexen-1-en-1-il) etanona. As (benzo[d]azolil)guanidinas precursoras foram obtidas previamente a partir de reações de cianoguanidina com o-fenilenodiamina ou 2-aminotiofenol e as vinil cetonas trifluormetiladas a partir de reações de trifluoracetilação de enoléteres ou acetais. As reações de ciclocondensação foram otimizadas para o meio aquoso, sob refluxo e em tempos reacionais de 1 a 24 horas, levaram ao isolamento das respectivas N-(pirimidinil)-1H-(benzo[d]azolil)aminas em rendimentos de 60 90 %. Uma vez que as N-(pirimidinil)-1H-(benzo[d]azolil)aminas apresentaram uma baixa solubilidade na maioria dos solventes orgânicos, foram realizadas reações de N-alquilação com a finalidade estudar a reatividade e as mudanças nas suas propriedades físicas e espectroscópicas. Utilizou-se como agentes alquilantes iodometano, brometo de alila e brometo de benzila, os quais levaram a formação de novas heteroaril aminas terciárias N-alquiladas com rendimentos de 52 82 %. Finalmente, as estruturas dos compostos foram determinadas com o auxílio e aplicação simultânea de experimentos de RMN de 1H, 13C{1H}, em estados líquido e sólido, Espectrometria de Massas, Espectroscopia no Infravermelho, e a sua pureza comprovada por Análise Elementar ou por Espectrometria de Massas de Alta Resolução (HRMS).

In this thesis the pH dependency of the coordination modes of lanthanide complexes with macrocyclic ligands based on 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane skeleton was studied. The cyclen-based ligand structures in this work contained three acetate and one aminoethyl group with a N-alkyl-N-methylphosphonate substituent, DO3AN(R)P, where R is an alkyle substituent on the nitrogen atom of the pendant arm (R = methyl, benzyl). Lanthanide complexes of a previously studied prototype ligand DO3ANP with secondary amino group (R = H) have shown interesting properties in the field of 31 P NMR imaging because of their various coordination properties, which allow in situ pH measurement. These complexes can also be used for monitoring the kinetics of the chemical exchange of the amino group proton in 1 H NMR imaging using the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST NMR). In this thesis, two new derivatives DO3ANMeP and DO3ANBnP were prepared in order to better understand the coordination modes changes in this ligand series. Also, their coordination behaviour with selected lanthanide ions was studied (Eu3+ , Gd3+ , Dy3+ , Yb3+ ). Based on a series of NMR and luminescence measurements, it was found out, that in acidic conditions the complexes containing DO3ANP motif bind a water molecule in their coordination...