This diploma thesis is focused on microdetermination of cobalt by UV-VIS spectrophotometry with organic agents and comparison with atomic absorption spectrometry. In the first part properties, occurance and importance of cobalt in the environment are desribed, complete with as a part of vitamine B12. Attention is also given to cobalt compounds, especially in the oxidative states +II and +III. Methods of preconcentration and preparation cobalt determination in real samples are adduced. In this thesis are described some optical analytical methods with accept on spectrophotometric agents for determination of cobalt. The experimental part of this thesis icludes optimalization of the spectrophotometric determination of cobalt with choosen organic agents 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcin and 2-(5-Brom-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol and optimalization of atomic absorption spectrometry for cobalt determination. All of real samples of water (surface, underground, mineral and waste) were measured by both 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcin and 2-(5-Brom-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol via UV-VIS and via atomic absorption spectrometry. Results of determinations were compared. A sample of vitamine B12 was measured too by all techniques.

The induction of type I interferon (IFN) and subsequent activation of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) represent a first line of defense against viral infection. Typically type I IFN signaling leads to the phosphorylation of the STAT1 and STAT2 transcription factors (TFs) which then form a trimetric complex with IRF-9 and translocate to the nucleus to induce ISG expression. However, the results of this study showed that IFN-mediated upregulation of the ISG Oas1b, the product of which confers resistance to flavivirus induced disease, can be induced in a STAT1-independent manner. Since numerous ISGs have antiviral functions, many viruses have evolved strategies to disrupt the type I IFN-signaling pathway. In cases when STAT1 activation is blocked by a viral infection, STAT1-independent upregulation of ISGs provides an additional strategy for the cell to mount an effective antiviral response. Infection of mouse embryofibroblasts (MEFs) with West Nile virus (WNV) induced the production of IFN beta and STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation but blocked nuclear translocation and binding of these TFs to the promoters of the ISGs, Oas1a, Oas1a, Irf7 and Irf1. However, each of these antiviral ISGs was efficiently upregulated in infected cells and IRF-9 was shown to be crucial for the upregulation of Oas1a, Oas1b and Irf-7. IRF-3 or IRF-7 was needed to maintain the upregulation of these genes at later times of infection. In contrast, the upregulation of Irf1 by WNV infection did not depend on the tested IRFs but was reduced by inhibition of the p38 or NF-kappa B pathways. Although Irf1 mRNA was efficiently upregulated in WNV-infected cells IRF-1 protein synthesis was blocked. The precise mechanism of the IRF-1 translational suppression is not yet known, but the suppression was shown not to be due to increased proteasomal degradation of IRF-1 nor to alternative splicing of Irf1 mRNA. Preliminary results suggest miRNAs may play an indirect role in regulating IRF-1 translation. The results of this study expand knowledge about the strategies evolved by viruses to evade host cell antiviral responses and also provide valuable insights about alternative mechanisms utilized by the host cell to counteract viral infections.

<p><strong>Abstract</strong><em>Group processes within the free play- in a socialpsychology perspective </em>In our socialpsychology study we have demonstrated how children’s free play is by observing 2-5 years old children in preschool. We have also interviewed two preschool teachers. The major subject in this study is how children’s group processes expresses in their free play. The purposes with this social psychological study have been to get a major insight of how the group processes looks like from a gender and structure perspective.</p><p>We have with some help from psychology and social theories described the consequence and the importance in children’s free play. We have also described how hierarchy, interaction, alienation and roles are important and which meaning they have. The free play offers children free mind, independence and it even promotes development.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p> / <p><strong>Abstrakt</strong>I vår socialpsykologiska studie har vi förevisat vad som sker inom barns fria lek, vi har observerat barn i åldrarna 2-5 på en förskola inom Halmstad Kommun. Vi har även intervjuat två förskolelärare inom samma verksamhet. Genom vår studie har vi velat påvisa de olika grupprocesserna som utspelas hos barn inom den fria leken. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att få en inblick om hur de olika grupprocesserna ser ut inom barns fria lek bl.a. utifrån genus och ur ett strukturerat perspektiv.</p><p>Vi har med hjälp av psykologiska och sociologiska teorier beskrivit konsekvenserna och de viktiga beståndsdelarna inom barns fria lek. Vi har även tagit upp hur betydelsefull makthierarki, samspel, utanförskap samt rolltagande är inom den fria leken. Den fria leken erbjuder ett fritt tänkande för barnen, självständighet men framförallt erbjuder den en enorm utveckling och tillväxt hos barnet.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>

AbstractGroup processes within the free play- in a socialpsychology perspective In our socialpsychology study we have demonstrated how children’s free play is by observing 2-5 years old children in preschool. We have also interviewed two preschool teachers. The major subject in this study is how children’s group processes expresses in their free play. The purposes with this social psychological study have been to get a major insight of how the group processes looks like from a gender and structure perspective. We have with some help from psychology and social theories described the consequence and the importance in children’s free play. We have also described how hierarchy, interaction, alienation and roles are important and which meaning they have. The free play offers children free mind, independence and it even promotes development. / AbstraktI vår socialpsykologiska studie har vi förevisat vad som sker inom barns fria lek, vi har observerat barn i åldrarna 2-5 på en förskola inom Halmstad Kommun. Vi har även intervjuat två förskolelärare inom samma verksamhet. Genom vår studie har vi velat påvisa de olika grupprocesserna som utspelas hos barn inom den fria leken. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att få en inblick om hur de olika grupprocesserna ser ut inom barns fria lek bl.a. utifrån genus och ur ett strukturerat perspektiv. Vi har med hjälp av psykologiska och sociologiska teorier beskrivit konsekvenserna och de viktiga beståndsdelarna inom barns fria lek. Vi har även tagit upp hur betydelsefull makthierarki, samspel, utanförskap samt rolltagande är inom den fria leken. Den fria leken erbjuder ett fritt tänkande för barnen, självständighet men framförallt erbjuder den en enorm utveckling och tillväxt hos barnet.

Interferons (IFNs) are a class of structurally related proteins first discovered to be produced by virus-infected cells. By now, several other inducing agents have been described. IFNs exert multiple effects on cells exemplified by the establishment of an antiviral state, inhibition of cell proliferation and alteration of different immune reactions. In the present thesis the inhibition of cellular growth concentrated on effects in the early cell cycle have been studied. The human glioma cell line 251 MG was found to be blocked in the S phase of the cell cycle upon addition of IFN both to exponentially growing and growth-factor depleted, synchronized cells. Thymidine kinase and DNA-polymerase activities were reduced in parallel with the S phase effect. 2-5 oligo Anucleotides transfected into glioma cells lead to inhibition of cell growth, exponentially growing cells being blocked in the S phase as during IFN treatment. In contrast, synchronized, restimulated cells were blocked in the cellcycle phase where they resided at the time of transfection. As 2-5 oligo A synthetase activity was induced in the middle of the Gl phase, these results might indicate that the kinetics of expression of oligonucleotides after IFN additiondetermines the type of cell cycle block obtained in differenttumor cells. IFN inhibited preferentially proteins originating from newly synthesized mRNA in Sw 3T3 cells, c-mvc did not seem to be included among these proteins. In both cell systems c-myc expression was unaltered after IFN treatment. In clone T1 selected from the the Sw 3T3 cell line , c-mvc expression was uncoupled to growth and seemed to be growth factor independent. The change in c-myc expression in clone T1 compared to SW 3T3 cells did not render the cells sensitive to IFN. Hence, c-myc regulation does not seem to be the mechanism by which IFN regulates cell growth in this system. The proliferation marker KI-67 antigen was shown not to be causatively involved in growth inhibition of IFN. The reduced levels of the antigen was proposed to be a secondary effect caused by the G0/G1 arrest. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1991, härtill 6 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

[pt] A busca constante pela melhoria dos meios de comunicação em banda larga demandou o surgimento de novas tecnologias visando atender a real necessidade de seus usuários. O uso de mobilidade no acesso à internet banda larga como propõem os padrões WiMAX e LTE, impõe a necessidade de se estudar com mais profundidade os parâmetros que caracterizam um canal rádio móvel. Este trabalho objetiva apresentar os resultados experimentais que permitem caracterizar em banda estreita o comportamento do canal de radiopropagação num ambiente urbano. Como resultado das campanhas de medições, são identificados modelos do canal que possibilita ao projetista definir os melhores critérios para a implantação de uma rede móvel de acesso sem fio. Desta forma, são apresentadas duas campanhas de medições, operando nas frequências de 2,5 GHz e 3,5 GHz, destinadas para novos serviços móveis banda larga. / [en] The constant search for improvement of broadband communication systems requires new technologies to attend the increasing needs of the users. The use of mobility in broadband Internet access as proposed in WiMAX and LTE standards, imposes the need to further understand the parameters that characterize a channel mobile radio. This dissertation presents experimental results that allow characterizing the narrow band channel behavior of radio propagation in an urban environment. As a result of measurement campaigns, channel models are identified which allow the designer to define the best criteria to implement a mobile wireless network. The work presents results of two measurement campaigns, at the frequencies of 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz, designed for new mobile broadband services.

No description available.

Jésus de Nazareth accordait beaucoup d’importance à la commensalité, au point de faire du repas en commun le contexte particulier du double geste sur le pain et le vin accompli à la dernière Cène. Après avoir été réitéré dans son contexte d’origine par plusieurs générations de chrétiens, le rappel de la Cène s’est ensuite complètement dissocié du contexte d’un repas. Le terme koinwnia utilisé au verset 2,42 du livre des Actes des apôtres désigne-t-il ce repas communautaire autour duquel se déroulaient les rassemblements chrétiens? Grâce à une analyse structurelle réalisée en entonnoir sur les chapitres 2 à 5 du livre des Actes, le présent mémoire met en relief l’importance des repas communautaires dans la vie de la communauté primitive, tout en montrant que le terme koinwnia a un sens plus étendu que le seul repas en commun, mais tout aussi concret et actif que les trois autres éléments énumérés au verset 2,42. / Jesus of Nazareth used to place much importance on commensality, so much that he wished the common meal to be the particular environment for both actions on bread and wine Jesus did during the Last Supper. For several generations, the memorial of Jesus Last Supper kept on being celebrated in its original context by Christians. But it was later separated from the communal meal. Does the word koinwnia in Acts 2:42 denote those communal meals during which Christian gatherings were held? The importance of common meals in the early community will be highlighted here through a funnel-type structural analysis of Acts 2-5. But it will be shown also that the meaning of koinwnia is more extended than the common meal alone, and just as concrete and active as the three other elements listed in verse 2:42.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

The discovery of conducting and semiconducting polymers has opened the possibility to produce integrated circuits entirely of plastic with standard continuous printing techniques. Nowadays several of this polymers are commercial available, however the performances of this materials are strongly affected by their supramolecular order achieved after deposition. In this research, the influence of some standard printing techniques on the electrical performances of conjugated polymers is evidenced in order to realise logic devices with these materials.