The purpose of this study is to provide scholastic research on Robert Muczynski's Second Piano Trio (1975) by presenting his biographical background, discussing influences and his musical style, and analyzing the work. Robert Muczynski (b.1929), a composer-pianist of Polish descent, studied with Alexander Tcherepnin (1899-1977). From traditional forms and techniques, he fashioned his own unique and innovative compositional style. The second piano trio, in particular, was deeper and more complex in its conception and affect than previous compositions. The first movement Andante molto opening leads to an allegro section, and the somber second movement builds to a heavy climax. The third movement is highly rhythmic and dramatically driven. Chapter I outlines the purpose of the study and the composer's biography. Chapter II describes Muczynski's compositional influences and the evolution of his musical language. Emphasis in this respect will be placed on the pedagogical role of Alexander Therepnin, as well as the important connections between Prokofiev, Tcherepnin and Muczynski. An exploration of other elements that have informed Muczynski's style is offered. Chapter III details the circumstances, general characteristics, and compositional technique of the Second Piano Trio. Detailed analysis of all three movements will be provided, with particular attention paid to aspects of theme, form, harmony, rhythm, meter, tempo, articulation, texture, and dynamic. The theoretical analysis is the main portion of this document, and after a discussion of treatment of the piano, concluding reflections are offered in Chapter IV.

The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Task (ROCFT) has been a standard in neuropsychological assessment for six decades. Many researchers have contributed administration procedures, additional scoring systems and normative data to improve its utility. Despite the abundance of research, the original 36-point scoring system still reigns among clinicians despite documented problems with ceiling and floor effects and poor discrimination between levels of impairment. This study is an attempt to provide a new method based upon item response theory that will allow clinicians to better describe the impairment levels of their patients. Through estimation of item characteristic curves, underlying traits can be estimated while taking into account varying levels of difficulty and discrimination within the set of individual items. The ultimate goal of the current research is identification of a subset of ROCFT items that can be examined in addition to total scores to provide an extra level of information for clinicians, particularly when they are faced with a need to discriminate severely and mildly impaired patients.

The purpose of this thesis is to come to an understanding of the reasoning behind the enactments of Sweden's Sex Purchase law and Canada's Bill C-36. Furthermore, to discuss how the two legislations regarding prostitution have changed the protection for women in the sex industry. The methods used in this study is a Comparative Method, specifically, a Most Similar System Design, and an Argumentation Analysis. These methods are used in conjunction with three theories — History of Prostitution Models, Sociology of Law, and the Paradoxes of Rights. The result of the analysis shows that Canada's Bill C-36 is based on conservative reasoning with a focus on the abolishment of prostitution. The Swedish Sex Purchase law focuses on the criminalization of the purchase of sexual services instead of the seller. They reason that by shifting the responsibility on the purchaser, social norms and stigma regarding sex workers will change.

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Die Therapie von Azetabulumfrakturen bei älteren Patienten bleibt ein kontrovers diskutiertes Thema, was aufgrund der steigenden Inzidenz zunehmend an Relevanz gewinnt. Richtlinien für die Therapie existieren vor allem für ein jüngeres Patientenkollektiv, was die Therapieentscheidung bei älteren Patienten erschwert. Trotzdem wurden in den letzten Jahren zunehmend auch ältere Patienten operativ versorgt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob ältere Patienten von einer operativen Therapie profitieren und ob ältere Patienten generell ein schlechteres Outcome aufweisen als jüngere. Es wurden 374 Patienten mit Azetabulumfraktur untersucht, welche zwischen 2005 und 2014 am Universitätsklinikum Leipzig operativ oder konservativ versorgt wurden. Zunächst wurden den krankenhausinternen Patientenakten allgemeine Patientendaten entnommen und anschließend eine Befragung mittels Fragbogen und eine klinische Nachuntersuchung durchgeführt. Schlechtere Ergebnisse im Outcome älterer Patienten traten zwar auf, erwiesen sich jedoch nur für die Items KÖFU und KÖRO des SF-36, den Parameter „Eigenständige Versorgung“ des EQ-5D sowie die Parameter „Hinken“ und die „Verwendung von Gehhilfen/Gehfähigkeit“ im Merle d’Aubigé und Harris Hip Score als statistisch signifikant. Auch zwischen den operativ oder konservativ versorgten Patienten wurden kaum signifikante Unterschiede im Outcome gefunden. Lediglich im psychischen Bereich des SF-36 (PSYC und psk) zeigten sich bei jüngeren konservativ versorgten Patienten signifikant bessere Ergebnisse. Ansonsten ließen sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Versorgungsgruppen, weder bei älteren noch bei jüngeren Patienten in den Scoresystemen feststellen. Insgesamt erwiesen sich die Unterschiede der Outcomeergebnisse zwischen den Alters- und Versorgungsgruppen als tendenziell und rücken unserer Meinung nach in den Hintergrund. Demnach schneiden ältere Patienten nach erfolgter Therapie unter Berücksichtigung des Allgemeinzustandes genauso gut ab wie jüngere Patienten. Die Gründe für die überraschend guten Ergebnisse im Outcome bei älteren und auch konservativ versorgten Patienten könnten Grundlage für weitere Arbeiten sein. Intentionen, welche möglicherweise die Therapieentscheidung künftig stärker beeinflussen könnten, sind der Anspruch an eine möglichst anatomische Reposition auch im hohen Alter und der damit verbundenen Langlebigkeit der angewendeten Therapie. Dadurch wäre die Senkung der Komplikationsrate sowie der Rate sekundär implantierter H-TEPs möglich. Diese sind aktuell bei operativ versorgten jüngeren und älteren Patienten deutlich höher als bei konservativ versorgten. Zwischen den Altersgruppen bestand kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied. Um diese These zu untermauern sind weitere kontrollierte Beobachtungen des Outcomes sowie der Komplikationsraten nötig.:Inhaltsverzeichnis I Abbildungsverzeichnis III Tabellenverzeichnis IV 1 Einleitung  1 1.1 Einführung in die Thematik  1 1.2 Anatomie  2 1.2.1 Funktion und Bedeutung des Azetabulums  2 1.2.2 Anatomie des Azetabulums  2 1.2.3 Biomechanik des Hüftgelenkes  5 1.3 Pathologie  6 1.3.1 Pathomechanik der Azetabulumfraktur  6 1.3.2 Demographie und Epidemiologie  7 1.3.3 Frakturklassifkation  8 1.3.4 Diagnostik  9 1.3.5 Therapie  12 1.3.6 Komplikationen  14 1.4 Fragestellung  15 2 Patienten und Methoden  16 2.1 Patientenkollektiv  16 2.2 Methoden  17 2.2.1 Datenerhebung  17 2.2.2 Datenerfassung  17 2.2.3 Statistik  19 3 Ergebnisse  21 3.1 Patientenkollektiv  21 3.1.1 Allgemeine Merkmale  21 3.1.2 Unfallmechanismus und Trauma  22 3.1.3 Frakturklassifkation 24 3.1.4 Therapie  25 3.1.5 Komplikationen  26 3.1.6 Revisionen  29 3.2 Ergebnisse der Nachuntersuchung  30 3.2.1 Allgemeine Merkmale des Nachuntersuchten Patientenkollektivs  30 3.2.2 Ergebnisse im SF-36  30 3.2.3 Ergebnisse im EQ-5D  32 3.2.4 Ergebnisse im Merle d’Aubigné Score  33 3.2.5 Ergebnisse im Harris Hip Score  34 3.2.6 Vergleich der Scoreergebnisse  36 4 Diskussion  37 4.1 Allgemeine Gruppenmerkmale  37 4.2 Unfallmechanismus und Trauma  39 4.3 Klassifkation  40 4.4 Therapie  41 4.5 Komplikationen  43 4.6 Ergebnisse der Nachuntersuchung  44 5 Zusammenfassung der Arbeit 47 6 Quellen  49 7 Anlagen  A 7.1 Anlage A: AO-Klassifkation  A 7.2 Anlage B: Fragebogen zur Nachuntersuchung  C 7.3 Anlage C: Klinischer Nachuntersuchungsbogen  H 7.4 Anlage D: SF-36 Gesundheitskonzepte I 7.5 Anlage E: EQ-5D Bereiche  J 7.6 Anlage F: Modifizierter Merle d‘Aubigné Score K 7.7 Anlage G: modifizierter Merle d'Aubigné Score Auswertung L 7.8 Anlage H: Harris Hip Score Parameter. L 7.9 Anlage I: Harris Hip Score Auswertung N

abstract: An estimated 267 million women worldwide are HSV-2 seropositive, including roughly 20% of reproductive-aged American women. HSV-2 is a neurotropic virus that establishes a persistent, life-long infection that increases risk for STI acquisition in individuals. The vaginal epithelium represents a critical first line of defense against infection, and during acute infection, underlying immune mechanisms in the epithelium may be critical to protect against disease pathogenesis. The recently identified pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-36gamma has been shown to be expressed at mucosal epithelia, including the female reproductive tract (FRT) and may be an important factor in host defense. Although IL-36gamma has been shown to be induced in the FRT after exposure to microbial products, the contributions of IL-36gamma to host defense mechanisms in response to this clinically relevant STI pathogen are not well understood. This dissertation describes the regulation of IL-36gamma in the FRT and explores its contribution to the host response against genital HSV-2 infection. To test the hypothesis that IL-36gamma is a key regulator of mucosal inflammation and immunity in the FRT, hormonal regulation of IL-36gamma in the FRT was investigated using estrogen- and progesterone-conditioned mice. From this preliminary study, it was shown that progesterone dampens IL36G expression relative to estrogen and may potentially increase susceptibility to infection. Next, the impact of IL-36gamma treatment on HSV-2 infection and replication in human 3-D vaginal epithelial cells was explored. In parallel, the impact of intravaginal IL-36gamma delivery on HSV-2 disease pathogenesis was evaluated using a lethal murine challenge model. IL-36gamma pre-treatment significantly limited HSV-2 replication in vitro and in vivo and was associated with transient neutrophil infiltration that corresponded with decreased disease severity and increased survival in mice. Last, the requirement for IL-36gamma in host defense was investigated utilizing IL-36gamma-/- mice in a lethal HSV-2 murine challenge model. Following infection, IL-36gamma-/- mice exhibited significantly impaired neutrophil recruitment, decreased overall survival time, and significantly increased viral neuroinvasion relative to wild type mice. Collectively, these data indicate that IL-36gamma is a crucial regulator of HSV-2-induced neutrophil infiltration and appears to function in a previously uncharacterized manner to limit viral neuroinvasion in genital HSV-2 disease pathogenesis. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Molecular and Cellular Biology 2019

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Bakgrund: Narkolepsi är en kronisk neurologisk sjukdom som påverkar hjärnans förmåga att reglera hormonet hypokretin, vars uppgift är att reglera aptit, sömn och vakenhet. Narkolepsi delas in i två typer, Typ 1 och Typ 2. Fysisk inaktivitet har påvisat öka besvären med överväldigande dagtrötthet och personer med narkolepsi är mindre fysiskt aktiva än friska personer.  Syfte: Undersöka och kartlägga hälsorelaterad livskvalitet och fysisk aktivitet hos en grupp individer med narkolepsi, jämföra åldersskillnader samt undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan dessa variabler.  Metod: Tvärsnittsstudie med icke-experimentell design. Individer från 16 år inkluderades i undersökningsgruppen (n=70). Deltagarna rekryterades via Narkolepsiföreningen genom en sluten Facebook-grupp och ett mejlutskick från deras kansli.  Resultat: Lägre dimensionspoäng inom samtliga dimensioner från RAND-36 kunde påvisas för deltagarna jämfört med normalpopulationen samt att majoriteten av deltagarna uppnår rekommendationerna för fysisk aktivitet per vecka. Signifikant skillnad mellan åldersgrupperna kunde enbart påvisas inom dimensionerna Rollfunktion (emotionell) och Psykiskt välbefinnande. Det fanns en signifikant positiv låg korrelation mellan rapporterade aktivitetsminuter och dimensionen Fysisk funktion.  Konklusion: Resultatet i undersökningen visar på trots att majoriteten av deltagarna uppnår rekommendationerna för fysisk aktivitet skattade de lågt för dimensioner kopplade till psykologiska och sociala aspekter. Det behövs således vidare forskning för att undersöka olika fysiska interventioners effekt på den hälsorelaterade livskvaliteten hos individer med narkolepsi. Resultatet visar även på att det finns ett behov av multimodalt bemötande med fokus på bio-psyko-sociala aspekterna. / Background: Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological illness that effects the brain’s capacity to produce the hypocretin hormone, whose function is to regulate appetite, sleep and alertness. Narcolepsy is divided into two groups, Type 1 and Type 2. Physical inactivity has shown to increase the symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness and individuals with narcolepsy is less physically active than healthy individuals.  Purpose: To study and chart health-related quality of life and physical activity level in a group of individuals with narcolepsy, to compare age-differences and also to explore whether there is a correlation between these variables.  Method: Cross-sectional study with a non-experimental design. Participants from 16 years old were included in the sample group (n=70). The participants were recruited by Narkolepsiföreningen through a closed Facebook-group and through e-mail from their chancellery.  Results: A lower score within all dimensions could be shown for the participants and that the majority of the participants reach the recommendation for physical activity each week. A significantly difference between the age-groups was disclosed within the dimensions Social functioning and Mental health. There was a significant positive low correlation between reported physical activity levels and the dimension Physical function.  Conclusion: The results in this study show that even though the majority of the participants reach the recommendations for physical activity, the dimensions that were related to psychological and social aspects were low. Thus, further research is needed to study the effect of different physical interventions on the health-related quality of life in individuals with narcolepsy. The results also show that there is a need for a multimodal approach with focus on the biological, psychological and social aspects.

El presente trabajo de investigación de tesis tiene como objetivo determinar el impacto en los Estados Financieros y en el Impuesto a la Renta de la NIC 36: Deterioro del valor de los Activos y su impacto en los Estados Financieros y en el Impuesto a la Renta en las empresas del sector pesquero que producen y exportan harina y aceite de pescado en Lima, año 2018. La presente investigación comprende los temas más sobresalientes de la NIC 36 como son los indicios de deterioro, alcance, reconocimiento y medición de un activo en deterioro. Capítulo I Marco teórico, consiste en una investigación mediante la información de fuentes primarias y conceptos que definan a las normas internacionales de información financiera; así como el impacto en los Estados Financieros y en el Impuesto a la Renta del sector pesquero. Capítulo II Plan de investigación, se plantea la situación problemática de la tesis, así como el problema principal y específico, objetivo general y específicos, la hipótesis inicial y específico. Capítulo III Metodología, se determinó la población, así como la muestra para las investigaciones cualitativas y cuantitativas. Capítulo IV Desarrollo de Investigación, se realizó el trabajo de campo por medio de la entrevista a profundidad, cuestionario y análisis para el desarrollo del caso práctico. Capítulo V Análisis de Resultados de la investigación, se desarrolla casos prácticos que nos permiten aplicar situaciones basadas en la NIC 36, concluyendo con la validación de la hipótesis en base a resultados estadísticos. / The objective of this thesis research work is to determine the impact on Financial Statements and Income Tax of IAS 36: Deterioration of the value of the Assets and their impact on the Financial Statements and Income Tax in companies in the fishing sector that produce and export fishmeal and fish oil in Lima, year 2018. The present investigation includes the most outstanding issues of IAS 36, such as the indications of impairment, scope, recognition and measurement of a deteriorating asset. Chapter I Theoretical framework, it consists of an investigation through the information of primary sources and concepts that define the international financial information standards; as well as the impact on the Financial Statements and Income Tax of the fishing sector. Chapter II Plan of investigation, the problematic situation of the thesis is raised, as well as the main and specific problem, general and specific objective, the initial and specific hypothesis. Chapter III Methodology, the population was determined, as well as the sample for qualitative and quantitative research. Chapter IV Development of Investigation, the field work was carried out through the in-depth interview, questionnaire and analysis for the development of the practical case. Chapter V Analysis of Research Results, practical cases are developed that allow us to apply situations based on IAS 36, concluding with the validation of the hypothesis based on statistical results. / Tesis

Dans cette thèse, on présente une notion de courbure géodésique pour les courbes lisses horizontales dans une variété sous-Riemannienne de contact, qui indique dans quelle mesure une courbe est différente d'une géodésique. Cette courbure géodésique se présente sous la forme de deux fonctions qui sont toutes deux identiquement nulles le long d'une courbe lisse horizontale si et seulement si cette dernière courbe est une géodésique. Le résultat principal de cette thèse réside dans l'interprétation métrique que l'on donne de ces fonctions de courbure. Cette interprétation consiste à extraire la courbure géodésique des premiers termes de correction dans le développement limité de la distance sous-Riemannienne entre deux points proches le long de la courbe. / We present a notion of geodesic curvature for smooth horizontal curves in a contact sub-Riemannian manifold, measuring how far a horizontal curve is from being a geodesic. This geodesic curvature consists in two functions that both vanish along a smooth horizontal curve if and only if this curve is a geodesic. The main result of this thesis is the metric interpretation of these geodesic curvature functions. This interpretation consists in seeing the geodesic curvature functions as the first corrective coefficients in the Taylor expansion of the sub-Riemannian distance between two close points on the curve.