L'imagerie photoacoustique est une modalité d'imagerie fonctionnelle basée sur la génération d'ondes acoustiques par des tissus soumis à une illumination optique (impulsion laser). L'utilisation de différentes longueurs d'ondes optiques permet la discrimination des milieux imagés. Cette modalité est prometteuse pour de nombreuses applications médicales liées, par exemple, à la croissance, au vieillissement et à l'évolution de la vascularisation des tissus. En effet, l'accès à l'oxygénation du sang dans les tissus est rendu possible par l'imagerie photoacoustique. Cela permet, entre autres applications, la discrimination de tumeurs bénignes ou malignes et la datation de la mort tissulaire (nécrose). Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif principal la construction d'une chaîne de traitement des données photoacoustiques multispectrales pour le calcul de l'oxygénation du sang dans les tissus. Les principales étapes sont, d'une part, la discrimination des données (clustering), pour extraire les zones d'intérêt, et d'autre part, la quantification des différents constituants présents dans celles-ci (unmixing). Plusieurs méthodes non supervisées de discrimination et de quantification ont été développées et leurs performances comparées sur des données photoacoustiques multispectrales expérimentales. Celles-ci ont été acquises sur la plateforme photoacoustique du laboratoire, lors de collaborations avec d'autres laboratoires et également sur un système commercial. Pour la validation des méthodes développées, de nombreux fantômes contenant différents absorbeurs optiques ont été conçus. Lors du séjour de cotutelle de thèse en Italie, des modes d'imagerie spécifiques pour l'imagerie photoacoustique 2D et 3D temps-réel ont été développés sur un échographe de recherche. Enfin, des acquisitions in vivo sur modèle animal (souris) au moyen d'un système commercial ont été réalisées pour valider ces développements. / Photoacoustic imaging is a functional technique based on the creation of acoustic waves from tissues excited by an optical source (laser pulses). The illumination of a region of interest, with a range of optical wavelengths, allows the discrimination of the imaged media. This modality is promising for various medical applications in which growth, aging and evolution of tissue vascularization have to be studied. Thereby, photoacoustic imaging provides access to blood oxygenation in biological tissues and also allows the discrimination of benign or malignant tumors and the dating of tissue death (necrosis). The present thesis aims at developing a multispectral photoacoustic image processing chain for the calculation of blood oxygenation in biological tissues. The main steps are, first, the data discrimination (clustering), to extract the regions of interest, and second, the quantification of the different media in these regions (unmixing). Several unsupervised clustering and unmixing methods have been developed and their performance compared on experimental multispectral photoacoustic data. They were acquired on the experimental photoacoustic platform of the laboratory, during collaborations with other laboratories and also on a commercial system. For the validation of the developed methods, many phantoms containing different optical absorbers have been produced. During the co-supervision stay in Italy, specific imaging modes for 2D and 3D real-time photoacoustic imaging were developed on a research scanner. Finally, in vivo acquisitions using a commercial system were conducted on animal model (mouse) to validate these developments.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Toler Russo.pdf: 225526 bytes, checksum: 04084e6fa9181e57459788f144dbe689 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-03 / The main purpose of this work is to show the plausibility of the hypothesis according to which, in Augustine´s Contra Academicos, the interdependence between Truth and happiness is defended. Notwithstanding, since this interdependence is not categorically shown in Augustine´s Contra Academicos, but only in another work of his, called De Beata Vita, it was necessary, through the collection of historical data linked to Augustine and his time, to establish a connection between these two dialogues, in order to show the plausibility of the idea according to which the interdependence between Truth and happiness, exposed in Augustine´s De Beata Vita, is defended in Augustine´s Contra Academicos. In order to achieve this objective, the work was disposed in the following manner: collection of historical and psychological data, exposed in the Introduction; study of Augustine´s Contra Academicos, in three chapters (these chapters form the first book of this dissertation); study of Augustine´s De Beata Vita and Conclusion, both of them also exposed in three chapters (these chapters form the second book of this dissertation). In the Conclusion (inserted in the third chapter of Book II), we have finished the study of Augustine´s De Beata Vita and the justification of the hypothesis of our dissertation. In the Conclusion, the information collected in the Introduction is employed in order to show the plausibility of our hypothesis / O objetivo desta dissertação é mostrar a plausibilidade da hipótese segundo a qual, no Contra Academicos, de Agostinho, é defendida a relação de interdependência entre Verdade e felicidade. Todavia, uma vez que essa relação não se apresenta categoricamente exposta no Contra Academicos, mas sim no De Beata Vita, foi necessário, mediante o levantamento de dados históricos ligados à pessoa e à época de Agostinho, estabelecer conexão entre os dois diálogos, de maneira a tornar plausível a idéia de que no Contra Acadêmicos se defende tese exposta no De Beata Vita. Para o alcance desse objetivo, o trabalho foi dividido da seguinte maneira: levantamento histórico-psicológico, exposto na Introdução; análise do Contra Acadêmicos, dividida nos três capítulos do Livro I; análise do De Beata Vita e Conclusão, expostas nos três capítulos do Livro II. Na Conclusão (inserida no terceiro capítulo desse último livro), que a um só tempo arremata a análise do De Beata Vita e encerra a dissertação, foram utilizadas as informações colhidas na Introdução, no intuito de justificar, de maneira convincente e plausível, a hipótese inicial do trabalho

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Imaculada Azevedo Fernandes.pdf: 367387 bytes, checksum: 9dd533078709cfe62f2fc649b062da79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work has as a purpose to research the question of Augustin interiority through the problem of the knowledge. Both interiority and knowledge represent the key-pieces of Augustin thought and they bring an enigma which we ll be busy in understanding. It refers to the apparently antagonistic form to conciliate the human activity of the knowledge through the cogito of Augustin with the theory of the divine illumination. We ll research which is the statute of knowledge in Augustin thought; what it implies to say that the interiority is, at the same time, the place of the knowledge and the way to God; and if it is possible to conceive the knowledge as a function of the human intellect and an intuition of the contents of ideas coming from God / Esse trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a questão da interioridade agostiniana através do problema do conhecimento. Interioridade e conhecimento representam duas peças-chave do pensamento de Agostinho e trazem um enigma com o qual nos ocuparemos em compreender. Refere-se à forma aparentemente antagônica de conciliar a atividade humana do conhecimento através do cogito agostiniano com a teoria da iluminação divina. Investigaremos qual é o estatuto do conhecimento no pensamento agostiniano; o que implica dizer que a interioridade é, ao mesmo tempo, o lugar do conhecimento e o caminho para Deus; e se é possível conceber o conhecimento como uma função do intelecto humano e uma intuição do conteúdo das idéias vindas de Deus

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-04-11T12:02:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Ivone Pereira de Miranda Fedeli.pdf: 1324466 bytes, checksum: 45e714ba32460499860327216bcc7886 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T12:02:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Ivone Pereira de Miranda Fedeli.pdf: 1324466 bytes, checksum: 45e714ba32460499860327216bcc7886 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fundação São Paulo - FUNDASP / This research aims to show how, throughout his long intellectual journey, starting from an initial question about the compatibility of the theological terminology on the Divine Verb based upon the Prologue to the Gospel of Saint John and consolidated by Saint Augustine’s De Trinitate, by one side, and the concepts of the human verb formulated by Aristotle in De Anima, Peri Hermeneias and other texts on human language, by the other, Saint Thomas Aquinas manages to harmonize both authors, in a way which does not forsake Aristotle’s theory, but which further details and clarifies it, in a process of reflection in which data from faith are guidelines and, in a sense, the ultimate goal of the processes of reason and philosophy / Este trabalho procura mostrar como, ao longo de seu percurso intelectual, São Tomás de Aquino vai, a partir de uma dúvida inicial sobre a possibilidade de compatibilidade da terminologia teológica sobre o Verbo Divino, baseada no Prólogo do Evangelho de São João e consolidada por Santo Agostinho no De Trinitate, com os conceitos sobre o verbo humano formulados por Aristóteles no De Anima, no Peri Hermeneias e demais textos sobre a linguagem humana, chegar a harmonizar a ambos, sem abandonar a teoria de Aristóteles, mas detalhando-a e precisando-a, num processo de reflexão em que os dados da fé servem de guia e, por assim de dizer, de meta final, aos processos da razão e da filosofia

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDREI VENTURINI MARTINS.pdf: 2454937 bytes, checksum: 904d296ca6e5a924a4227c42ecb0c5a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this study we will try to corroborate the general hypothesis that we support, which says that the Adamic sin launches all humanity in a contingency state, which is, however, verified by the effects of the imagination. In the first chapter our concern is historical and, for this reason, we will initiate investigating the beginning of the controversy about the grace in the middle of century V. Saint Augustine will be our object of inquiry: we will deal with some mannering and literal changes of the bishop of Hipona in function of his conversion to the Christianism and his conception of the free will in the discussion with the Manicheans. Later, we will discern the concepts of the original sin and free will in Pelagio and Saint Augustine, in such a way to perceive how the Augustinian conception of the free will changes according to the different contexts that the doctor of grace is inserted. After that we will have a historical jump and will analyze the sprouting of the Jansenism, trying to identify how the discussion about the grace is retaken by the end of century XVI and during century XVII, for soon after that, point out Blaise Pascal, our object of study in this theological complaint, as well as the emergent philosophical quarrel in century XVII. In the second chapter we will analyze in a deeper way the theological aspect of Pascal s work, what will make possible to us to describe the human condition before and after the Adamic sin and to perceive the consequences of the sin for all humanity. One of them is the contingency, characterized by the lack of discernment between the truth and the falseness, so that the human knowledge of the world and about himself is immersed in the contingency, which would, however, reveal in a special way in the imagination, deceitful power that is not a mark of the truth nor of the falseness. Thus we will initiate our third and last chapter, in which we will punctuate the effects of the functioning imagination and will perceive that the reason, joined intrinsically to the imagination, when doing its job discloses the contingency. However, Pascal enhances that some experts in imagination make use of this power to persuade, to construct concepts, to produce laws and to keep the public space reasonably organized. That s the way we understand that the Adamic sin atavistically transmitted to all humanity causes the contingency that manifests itself in the effects of the deceitful power of the imagination / Neste trabalho procuraremos corroborar a hipótese geral que sustentamos, a saber, que o pecado adâmico lança toda humanidade em um estado de contingência, este porém, é verificado pelos efeitos da imaginação. No primeiro capítulo nossa preocupação é histórica e, por este motivo, iniciaremos investigando a raiz da polêmica sobre a graça em meados do século V. Santo Agostinho será nosso objeto de investigação: trataremos de algumas mudanças comportamentais e textuais do bispo de Hipona em função da sua conversão ao cristianismo e a sua concepção de livre arbítrio na discussão com os maniqueus. Depois, trataremos de discernir os conceitos de pecado original e livre arbítrio em Pelágio e Santo Agostinho, de modo que perceberemos como a concepção agostiniana de livre arbítrio muda em função dos diferentes contextos que o doutor da graça esta inserido. Em seguida daremos um salto histórico e analisaremos o surgimento do jansenismo, tentando identificar como a discussão sobre a graça é retomada no fim do século XVI e no século XVII, para logo em seguida situar Blaise Pascal, nosso objeto de estudo nesta querela teológica, assim como a discussão filosófica emergente no século XVII. No segundo capítulo analisaremos de maneira mais aprofundada o aspecto teológico da obra de Pascal, o que nos possibilitará descrever a condição humana antes e depois do pecado adâmico e perceber as conseqüências do pecado para toda humanidade. Uma delas é a contingência, caracterizada pela falta de discernimento entre a verdade e a falsidade, de modo que o conhecimento humano do mundo e de si está imerso na contingência, esta porém, manifestar-se-ia de maneira especial na imaginação, potência enganosa que não é marca da verdade nem da falsidade. Assim iniciaremos nosso terceiro e último capítulo, no qual pontuaremos os efeitos da imaginação em funcionamento e perceberemos que a razão, unida de maneira intrínseca à imaginação, ao realizar seu trabalho revela a contingência. Todavia, Pascal destaca que alguns versados em imaginação usam desta potência para persuadir, construir conceitos, produzir leis e manter o espaço público razoavelmente organizado. É desta maneira que entendemos que o pecado adâmico transmitido atavicamente a toda humanidade causa a contingência que se manifesta nos efeitos da potência enganosa da imaginação

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:21:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberto Pereira Miguel.pdf: 596885 bytes, checksum: 45b4ab84b0d2d4c07dbcb501fdc5d0e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this dissertation we intend to analyse the way proposed, and developed, by Saint Augustine toward the visualization of the invisible God. That is Via Puchritudinis, the path of beauty, which is a mystic as much as an aesthetic way. The focus of this task is the aesthetic side of this journey, which becomes evident by the assertion made by Hans Urs von Balthasar on his aesthetic theology treatise called Glória. For him, Augustine s trajectory, especially his conversion, cannot be considered a walk from aesthetics to religious , but a conversion from a common aesthetic to another superior one (Balthasar, 1986, p. 97). Because, for Augustine, contemplating the beauty of the world and creation represents the first step of a trajectory toward an even more keenly discerning contemplation of God s beauty, from which creation s beauty is just a vestige. But when he identifies the absolute transcendent God with beauty, by the affirmation: Late have I loved You, Beauty so ancient and so new, late have I loved Thee! , Augustine makes this journey in a mystical way, in which history (God s action fulfilled by Jesus Christ) and prophecy (Scripture and His messengers) represents the two main pillars. Thus, we will also tackle Augustine s Via Pulchritudinis mystical side, in proportion to its relationship with the principal concept of this dissertation, which is, beauty. We understand that this concept of beauty, just as it was thought by Augustine, may be relevant to the present time, whereas the notion of beauty, nowadays, seems to have left behind all its transcendent aspects to shut itself up just in what is imanent, that is, body and matter / Nesta dissertação pretendemos analisar o caminho proposto, e percorrido, por Santo Agostinho em direção à visualização do Deus invisível. Trata-se da Via Pulchritudinis, o Caminho da Beleza, que se configura numa trajetória tanto mística quanto estética. O foco deste trabalho é o viés estético desta jornada, o qual se evidencia na afirmação feita por Hans Urs Von Balthasar em seu tratado de estética teológica intitulado Glória. Segundo ele, a trajetória de Agostinho, sobretudo a sua conversão, não pode ser considerada uma caminhada do estético em direção ao religioso , mas, isto sim, a conversão de uma estética comum a outra superior (Balthasar, 1986, p. 97). Pois, para Agostinho, a contemplação da beleza do mundo e da criação representa o passo inicial de uma trajetória em direção à contemplação cada vez mais aguçada da beleza de Deus, da qual a beleza das coisas criadas é apenas um vestígio. Mas ao identificar o Deus absolutamente transcendente com a própria beleza, por meio da afirmação Tarde te amei, ó beleza tão antiga e tão nova! (AGOSTINHO, Confissões, p.299), Agostinho faz dessa jornada um caminho místico, no qual a história (a ação de Deus realizada por Jesus Cristo) e a profecia (a Escritura e os seus mensageiros) representam os dois pilares principais. Assim, abordaremos também o lado místico da Via Pulchritudinis agostiniana, na medida em que ele se relaciona com o conceito principal deste trabalho, isto é, a beleza. Entendemos que este conceito de beleza, tal e qual pensado por Santo Agostinho, pode ser relevante à atualidade, visto que a noção de beleza, neste tempo, parece haver deixado de lado todo o seu aspecto transcendente para encerrar-se tão somente naquilo que é imanente, isto é, no corpo e na matéria

Conscients de la raréfaction progressive et l’augmentation continue du coût du pétrole et aussi des volumes importants des tensioactifs produits et éliminés chaque année, l’industrie chimique s’intéresse de plus en plus aux ressources issues de la biomasse. Cependant, dans le marché européen des tensioactifs, la part des produits d’origine végétale par rapport aux dérivés pétrochimiques est estimée à seulement 20%. Compte-tenu de ces enjeux, de nouvelles stratégies de synthèse pour produire des tensioactifs ayant des structures originales issus d’agro-ressources sont nécessaires. Dans le cadre d’une collaboration de recherche, l’ITERG (Pessac) et l’ICBMS (équipe COB-INSA) de Lyon se sont associées pour développer la synthèse de nouveaux glycolipides amphiphiles obtenus par fonctionnalisation d’huiles végétales époxydées. Les enjeux synthétiques ont concerné la compétition entre les deux fonctions réactives des huiles époxydées (ester et époxyde) et la multifonctionnalité des sucres et autres polyols utilisés comme substrats nucléophiles. Plusieurs séries de composés originaux ont été préparées, et leurs propriétés physico-chimiques ont été évaluées en regard des applications industrielles visées. Parmi les produits synthétisés, quelques uns ont également été évalués en tant que monomères biosourcés. / Aware of the irreversible scarcity and graving increase in oil prices, as well as large amounts of surfactants produced and disposed of each year, the chemical industry more and more focuses on resources from biomass. However in Europe, plant derived from plants only represent 20%. New strategies to produce surfactants with novel structures derived produced of the surfactants from agricultural resources are thus synthetic challenges.. As part of a research collaboration, ITERG (Pessac) and ICBMS (COB-INSA in Lyon) have joined forces to develop the synthesis of new amphiphilic glycolipids obtained by functionalization of epoxidized vegetable oils. Synthetic issues concerned the competition between the two reactive groups of epoxidized oils (ester and oxirane) and multifunctionality of sugars and other polyols used as nucleophilic substrates. Several series of novel compounds were prepared and their physicochemical properties were assessed for targeted industrial applications. Among the synthesized products, some were also evaluated as biobased monomers.

Ausgehend von der Frage nach der Funktionsrelevanz des Konjunktivs als Anzeiger für 'Indirekte Rede' wird in einem zweiten Schritt das modale Funktionspotential von Indikativ, Konjunktiv I und II im Spannungsfeld von Sprachnorm, Sprachvariation und Sprachsystem diskutiert. Im Fokus stehen dabei die so genannte 'Berichtete Rede' und abhängige Verbletztsätze. Die anschließende empirische Untersuchung erhebt mittels speziell entwickelter Lückensätze, inwieweit mit der Modusverwendung in beiden Strukturen textsortenstilistische Empfehlungen und textgrammatische Regeln befolgt werden. Eine zusätzliche Befragung zielt darauf ab, ob ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Verwendung einer Modusform und dem Ausdruck einer Sprechereinstellung (Zustimmung, Neutralität, Skepsis und Ablehnung) zum Wahrheitsgehalt der wiedergegebenen Information feststellbar ist. Die statistische Auswertung ergibt einerseits, dass die Mehrheit sowohl der nichtmuttersprachlichen, als auch der muttersprachlichen Studierenden die wiedergegebene fremde Rede entweder gar nicht oder nicht konsequent als solche kenntlich macht und damit gegen die Wahrung geistigen Eigentums verstößt. Andererseits führt auch die Beobachtung eines häufig unsystematischen Modusformengebrauchs in beiden Probandengruppen nicht zum Nachweis, dass mit diesen grammatischen Mitteln mehrheitlich spezifische Sprechereinstellungen ausgedrückt würden.

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