Elektroniska affärer mellan företag har skapat en ny generation av logistik, e-logistiken. I e-logistiken är kraven på informations- och kunskapstillgänglighet större än på fysiska resurser. E-logistik bygger på att ha tillgång till rätt information på rätt plats i rätt tid. Det är därför viktigt att ha en så klar bild som möjligt av informationsutbyten i logistikprocesserna. Detta arbete syftar på att belysa vilka informationsflödena är i dagens e-logistik, samt vilka aspekter är viktiga att beakta med avseende på elektroniska informationsflöden i e-logistiken? En tänkbar uppdelning av informationsflödena i e-logistik är före, under och efter transport. Det är huvudsakligen fraktdokumentation som fortfarande sker manuellt, annars är flödena fullt elektroniska. Det är viktigt att definiera ansvar för loggning och lagring av de elektroniska informationsflödena. Huvudvinsterna med elektroniskt informationsutbyte är tidsbesparingar, ökad översyn, bättre informationskvalitet, effektivare arbetsprocesser, bättre relationer och mindre kapitalbindning. Problemen är behovet för dubbla system, brist på standarder för fraktdokumentation och ostrukturerade arbetsprocesser. Elektroniskt informationsutbyte kommer att anses vara en självklarhet och kritisk överlevnadsfaktor i framtiden. Företagen öppnar sina informationssystem för sina partners i större grad. Tredjepartslogistik fortsätter utvecklas och eventuellt kommer logistikföretagen att ta hand om alla logistikfrågor. Detta kommer att påverka informationsflödena på olika sätt och nya informationstjänster skapas.

This diploma thesis has been created on demand of the management of OEZ s.r.o. to analyze outsourcing prosess of logistics within this manufacturing corporation. The theoretical introduction part defines outsourcing, outsourcing history, pros and cons, 3PL and 4PL. One chapter deals with implementation process of outsourcing. Analysis of foregone outsourcing process and project for better solution are key elements of second practical part of the thesis.

The research question explores the viable options a shipper has in using different logistic solutions. An investigation was conducted by first understanding the different provider levels based on their activities and then differentiate the logistic solutions based on attributes that are important for a shipper in their supply chain. These attributes were; organization, information technology (IT), flexibility and transportation quality aspects. Once the investigation was done, it was applied on a case study at a shipper to help answer the research question. The study confirms previous findings and provides additional evidence that suggests that generally the logistic solutions definition match with the literature. The evidence shows that the third-party logistics providers need to be redefined due to the fact that they are capable of performing other logistic solutions activities within their company groups. Additional evidence from the shippers indicates that two of three that were contacted do not only use one type of logistic solution in their organizations or company groups. These findings suggest several possibilities of action for Shipper A to proceed in undertaking further studies of what the implications are of changing their current setup to another. Also the study confirms that Shipper A with the research question in mind has a viable possibility to insource to a second-party logistics provider from their current third-party logistics provider setup in certain flows. Other viable possibility is to outsource the third-party logistics provider’s activities to a fourth-party logistics provider. Based on confirmations the results have shown, all PLs are viable to use in all the flows except the African customers that are not able to use any form of second-party logistics providers.

Globalisation and outsourcing have exacerbated the complexity of supply chains (Christopher, 2016). As a result, new business models have emerged to reduce the complexity of the supply chain by utilising supply chain management solutions. These business models serve as links in the supply chain that facilitate the integration of the functions of the primary organisation with those of other organisations. When disruptions occur in the supply chain, several parties are impacted. In this situation, supply chain and risk management methodologies can assist in assessing internal and external aspects during disruptive events. To understand the perspective of logistics service providers, this thesis examines Schenker Dedicated Services and Samskip's perceptions of disruptive events, the effects of these events, and how resilience plans are developed. In this context, a logistics service provider is an underlying link that helps its clients by applying supply chain management strategies such as coordinating, integrating, establishing connections, and cooperating.  We assembled a panel of supply chain practitioners with different roles at third-party and fourth-party logistics companies to investigate these factors. This panel had a role in our qualitative investigation and expressed their perspectives. It was discovered that their views of interruptions in the supply chain are comparable but slightly different. These discrepancies may be attributable to the company's business style, logistical networks, and geographic location. / Globalisering och outsourcing har gjort leveranskedjorna svårare (Christopher, 2016). Följaktligen har det växt fram nya affärsmodeller för att minimera komplexiteten i försörjningskedjan genom försörjningskedjehanterings verktyg. Dessa affärsmodeller fungerar som länkar i försörjningskedjan som i sin tur hjälper till att integrera den primära organisationens funktioner i andra organisationer. När störningar uppstår i försörjningskedjan påverkas många inblandade parter. I detta fall kan tillvägagångssätten för försörjningskedje - och riskhantering hjälpa till att mäta de interna och externa faktorerna under störningar. Schenker Dedicated Services och Samskips utformar den underliggande länken i försörjningskedjan. Detta leder till ett fokus på hanteringen av försörjningskedjan genom att samordna, integrera, upprätta länkar och samarbeta. Genom att undersöka Schenker Dedicated Services och Samskips uppfattning om störande händelser, dess effekter och hur motståndsplaner utformas fastställs logistiktjänsteleverantörernas perspektiv.  För att undersöka dessa faktorer valde vi en grupp av personer som är insatta med roller inom Schenker Dedicated Services som är ett fjärdepartslogistik företag och Samskip som är ett företag med inslag av tredjepartslogistik och fjärdepartslogistiks verksamhet. Gruppen var med i vår kvalitativa studie och delade sina uppfattningar kring ämnet. Det visade sig att de har liknande uppfattningar om störningar i leveranskedjan men med små skillnader. Dessa skillnader kan ha kopplingar till arten av företagets affärsmodell, deras logistiska nätverk såväl som deras geografiska område.

Globalisation has made logistics more important than ever in developing countries. If one business function raises their costs on a service, the end customer will usually pay the price in the store. When the end customers cannot afford the end price on a product, they will turn to other alternatives. This thesis examines how process management would affect the local population within the Dominican Republic. By beginning to question why some functions exist the effect will be economically visible in a DuPont according to the theories. Supply chain management seeks to manage the whole processes from A to Z in the most efficient way possible. The study was conducted during 8 weeks in the Dominican Republic. Eleven managers were interviewed to see how important SCM is for DR. The conclusions of the study is that Supply Chain Management is very important for DR. Well managed supply chains allow higher quality goods such as medicine and food to be accessed at a lower price by the local population. By targeting the economical position of working capital in a process an organisation can reach an increased ROI without the use economical means (increase the income/delivery service or reduce the costs). / MFS study financed by the Swedish International Development cooperation Agency, SIDA

Plusieurs facteurs importants interviennent dans la dynamique concurrentielle des chaînes logistiques, à savoir les caractéristiques structurales et relationnelles. Nous optons dans ce travail doctoral pour l'étude des registres relationnels afin de comprendre le rôle des réseaux sociaux dans la construction d'une capacité de coordination au sein des chaines logistiques. Le champ d'investigation est celui du prestataire logistique de dernière génération dénommé 4PL, dont le métier consiste à concevoir et à orchestrer des systèmes logistiques sans pour autant posséder d'actifs matériels. Afin de faire la lumière sur cette problématique, nous mobilisons trois cadres d'analyse, à savoir le management inter-organisationnel, l'approche par les réseaux sociaux et la prestation logistique. La démarche empirique s'est appuyée sur l'analyse du discours de personnes évoluant dans des entreprises ayant mis en oeuvre une prestation 4PL. Les résultats de notre recherche doctorale soulignent qu'il faut tenir compte de valeurs aussi bien économiques que sociales, comme la confiance et les liens interpersonnels, pour dynamiser les relations inter-organisationnelles. Ces valeurs sociales facilitent le travail de coordination du 4PL au sein des chaînes logistiques et légitiment son pilotage. / Several important factors are involved in the competitive dynamics of supply chains: namely the structural and relational characteristics. In this doctoral research we choose to use the relational register in order to understand the role of social networks in building coordination capacity within supply chains. The field of investigation is the Fourth Party Logistics (4PL), whose job is to design and orchestrate logistics systems without ownership of physical assets. To shed some light on this issue we engage three analytical frameworks: the inter-organizational management, the social networks paradigm and logistics services. The empirical approach was based on discourse analysis of people operating in 4PL companies. The results of our study highlight that we must rely on economical as well as social values, such as trust and interpersonal ties, in order to maintain and boost inter-organizational relationships. These social values facilitate 4PL's coordination within supply chains and legitimize its control.

Submitted by Bruno Rodrigues Balla (brunoballa@gmail.com) on 2017-01-11T14:00:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado - Bruno Balla - 2016.pdf: 1460369 bytes, checksum: 6f0f27af092d62ef0a6b9850706bb5ee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2017-01-12T12:11:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado - Bruno Balla - 2016.pdf: 1460369 bytes, checksum: 6f0f27af092d62ef0a6b9850706bb5ee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-17T11:27:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado - Bruno Balla - 2016.pdf: 1460369 bytes, checksum: 6f0f27af092d62ef0a6b9850706bb5ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-13 / The main objective of this study was to investigate which value attributes a fourth party logistics (4PL) operator must offer to potential oil & gas clients, in order to properly serve the managing worries and orders commonly present in such industry operational routine. With this intent and based on the theoretical framework, a value proposal was elaborated for these operators, allowing us to verify its consistency within the referred market. The proposal was both based on the market’s supply and logistics chain differentiation principles, such as flow integration or operational and management capacities development, as on the main characteristics of the 4PL operator, related to their capacity to bring knowledge and experience to the operation, to provide operational flow through technology and to manage their clients’ network operations. 6 (six) semi structured interviews were applied to operations’ managers of major companies operating in this sector in Brazil. The interviews outcomes are not entirely opposed to the use of an operator like these within the industry’s companies. It has called attention, however, to topics with which these operators should be worried about, such as: a possible cost increase, the level of service required by the business, the operational issues attached to the uncertainty over demand & operational risks, the strict trust usually attributed to suppliers and the maturity of the market itself, whether concerning contractors or available suppliers. / Este estudo teve como objetivo central investigar quais atributos de valor um operador integrador, chamado de 4PL, deve ofertar a possíveis clientes provenientes da indústria de petróleo e gás, de forma que seu serviço seja adequado aos principais anseios e demandas gerenciais presentes na rotina operacional desta indústria. Para tanto, com base no referencial bibliográfico, uma proposta de valor para estes operadores foi elaborada, possibilitando a averiguação desta sobre sua adequação ao mercado em questão. A proposta de valor baseou-se nos princípios de diferenciação referentes à cadeia logística e de suprimentos deste mercado, como a integração de fluxos e o desenvolvimento de capacidades operacionais e de gestão, e nas principais características dos operadores integradores, relacionadas à sua capacidade de aportar conhecimento e experiência à operação, de prover fluidez operacional através de tecnologia e de gerir a rede operacional de relacionamento de seus clientes. Foram realizadas 6 (seis) entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores operacionais das principais empresas atuantes deste setor no Brasil. O resultado da análise sobre as entrevistas não refutou totalmente a utilização deste operador por parte das empresas desta indústria, no entanto chamou atenção para itens com os quais este tipo de operador deveria preocupar-se, como: a possibilidade de acréscimo de custos, o nível de atendimento exigido pelas empresas, os problemas operacionais relacionados à incerteza sobre a demanda e aos riscos operacionais, a confiança restrita geralmente atribuída aos fornecedores e a maturidade do mercado em geral, seja por parte das empresas contratantes ou dos fornecedores disponíveis.

The diploma work deals with the analysis of the logistic chain of the company Friall s.r.o., which is a producer of frozen potato specialities. Based on this analysis I wanted to discover weak points in functionality of the logistic chain and find suitable precautionary measures as well as solutions leading to an improvement of the current situation. The diploma work is focused on the raw material entry and self-production of the products.