5 Abstract This dissertation examines the standing of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the area of police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters, which was formally included under the umbrella of the European Union as a result of the Maastricht Treaty in the early nineties. Yet this area was excluded from the Community framework, which had a significant impact on the jurisdiction and competencies of the Court of Justice. Despite limitations arising from the construct of the third pillar, the Court of Justice took an opportunity through case law to overcome some of these limitations. The most recent milestone in the development of this area is the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty which removed the so-called pillar structure and further limitations disappeared with the end of the transitional period. Further, existing case law of the Court of Justice in this area has been closely linked to the framework decision on the European arrest warrant, which is based upon the principle of mutual recognition and mutual trust between the EU Member States, and thus became an important part of the case law of the Court of Justice. Given the scope of this framework decision, the Court of Justice has also been frequently dealing with the issue of fundamental rights, the protection of which plays an...

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This is a residential house in Brno. The supporting structure is reinforced concrete. The building has one basement and six floors. Vertical load-bearing structures are made up of reinforced concrete columns and walls. Horizontal load-bearing structures are formed by slabs (bearing in both directions). The staircase is concrete slab. Foundation is on piles. Infill vertical structures are brick. In the fifth floor pool is located.

The thesis focuses on the design of the underground garage in the centre of Brno under the Petrov hill. The main target of the thesis is to design spatial arrangement of the underground space and its feasibility study. In the following parts the design of the structural solution and its check calculation is carried out.

The strive for lower fuel consumption and downsizing in the automotive industry has led to the use of alternative high performance materials, such as fibre composites. Designing chassis components with composite materials require accurate simulation models in order to capture the behaviour in car crashes. By simplifying the development process of a B-pillar with a new dynamic test method, composite material products could reach the market faster. The setup has to predict a cars side impact crash performance by only testing the B-pillar in a component based environment. The new dynamic test method with more realistic behaviour gives a better estimation of how the B-pillar, and therefore the car, will perform in a full-scale car side impact test. With the new improved tool for the development process, the search for a lighter product with better crash worthiness is done by optimising a steel carbon fibre hybrid structure in the B-pillar. The optimisation includes different carbon fibre materials, composite laminate lay-up and stiffness analysis. By upgrading simulation models with new material and adhesive representation physical prototypes could be built to verify the results. Finally the manufactured steel carbon fibre hybrid B-pillar prototypes were tested in the developed dynamic test method for a comparison to the steel B-pillar. The hybrid B-pillars perform better than the reference steel B-pillar in the dynamic tests also being considerably lighter. As a final result a hybrid B-pillar is developed that will decrease fuel consumption and meet the requirements of any standardized side impact crash test. / Strävan efter lägre bränsleförbrukning och minimalistiskt tänkande inom bilindustrin har lett till användning av alternativa högpresterande material, såsom fiberkompositer. Vid design av chassi-komponenter utav kompositer krävs noggranna simuleringsmodeller för att fånga upp bilens beteende vid en krock. Genom att förenkla utvecklingsprocessen för en B-stolpe med en ny dynamisk testmetod kan produkter bestående av fiberkompositer nå marknaden snabbare. Provuppställningen skall förutse bilens prestanda vid ett sidokrocktest genom att endast testa B-stolpen i en komponentbaserad miljö. Den nya dynamiska testmetoden med ett mer realistiskt beteende skall ge en bättre uppskattning om hur B-stolpen, och därmed bilen, kommer att prestera i ett fullskaligt sidokrocktest. Med utvecklingsprocessens nya förbättrade verktyg kan strävan mot lättare produkter med bättre krocksäkerhet utvecklas genom optimering av en hybrid B-stolpe i stål och kolfiber. Optimeringen innefattar olika kolfibermaterial, laminatvarianter och styvhetsanalyser. Genom att uppgradera simuleringsmodeller med nya material och adhesiva metoder kunde fysiska prototyper tillverkas för att verifiera resultaten. Slutligen testades de tillverkade prototyperna utav stål och kolfiber i den nyutvecklade dynamiska testmetoden för jämförelse mot den ursprungliga stål B-stolpen. Hybrid B-stolparna presterade bättre än referensstolpen utav stål i de dynamiska provningarna och är samtidigt betydligt lättare. Det slutgiltigt resultatet är en utvecklad hybrid B-stolpe som både ger minskad bränsleförbrukningen och uppfyller kraven för ett standardiserat sidokrocktest.

In general, bending and punching machines are large-scale equipment commonly used in factories or industries for mass production purposes. In this project, the opportunity to develop a smaller-scale multifunctional tool that can perform the same functions through manual force is investigated. This will be fulfilled by offering an alternative solution that combines both functionalities within a single tool. The aim is to design and construct a user-friendly multi-tool capable of bending and punching thin EN- AW 1050 H24 aluminum sheets using manual force. The research questions were answered through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, including interviews, workshops, benchmarking, and FEM analysis. An iterative product development process was employed to establish a detailed specification for the multifunctional tool. Several concepts for the multifunctional tool were developed based on the defined specification, and the final concept was selected using a morphological matrix and concept screening. The tool was manufactured using cutting processes and additive manufacturing techniques. The resulting tool successfully achieved functionality for bending aluminum sheets up to 1.5 mm in thickness, enabling bends at 90° or 45° angles. Through the implementation of the project's methods and analyses, a finalized product meeting the majority of the specification requirements was produced, proving to be functional for bending. However, the punching functionality requires further development due to budget and scheduling constraints, which limited the attainable level of full functionality. To facilitate tool usage, an instruction manual was created, providing users with information on operation, maintenance, and the production of new tools. / Vanligtvis är bocknings- och stansningsmaskiner stora och används i verkstäder eller industrier för massproduktion. I detta projekt undersöks möjligheten att utveckla ett multifunktionellt verktyg i mindre skala för att utföra samma funktioner med hjälp av handkraft. Detta genom att erbjuda en alternativ lösning där de båda funktionerna är kombinerade i samma verktyg. Syftet är att utveckla och konstruera ett lättanvändligt multiverktyg för bockning och stansning av tunn aluminiumplåt EN-AW 1050 H24 med hjälp av handkraft. Frågeställningarna besvarades genom både kvalitativa- och kvantitativa forskningsmetoder genom bland annat intervjuer, workshops, benchmarking och FEM-analyser. Genom en iterativ produktutvecklingsprocess fastställdes en detaljerad kravspecifikation för det multifunktionella verktyget. Utifrån den definierade kravspecifikation utvecklades flera koncept för ett multifunktionellt verktyg där det slutgiltiga konceptet valdes med hjälp av morfologisk matris och konceptsållning. Verktyget framställdes med hjälp av skärande bearbetning samt additiv tillverkning. Det framställda verktyget var funktionellt för bockning av aluminiumplåtar upp till 1,5 mm tjocklek och möjliggjorde bockning till 90° eller 45°. Genom projektets metoder och analyser framställdes en färdig produkt som uppfyllde merparten av kravspecifikationen och är funktionell för bockning. Funktionen för stansning behöver däremot vidare utveckling då budget och tidsplan var en stor faktor som inte möjliggjorde full funktionalitet. För att underlätta användningen av verktyget skapades även ett instruktionsblad som tillhandahåller användaren med information om användning, underhåll och tillverkning av nya verktyg.

From Ancient Near Eastern texts, the Bible and archaeological artefacts, we are able to glimpse an over arching belief in a feminine deity. During the occupation of the Temple Mount by the Knights Templars, earlier traditions were ”re-discovered” and accepted as a de facto tradition. William St Clair at the threshold of the Renaissance, mindful of the danger of heresy, was intellectually able to bring together many traditions into a broad Biblically-based theology that recognised the early Israelite traditions as the foundation of Christian belief. All this is evident in Rosslyn Chapel. / OLD TESTAMENT & ANCIENT NE / MA (BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY)

From Ancient Near Eastern texts, the Bible and archaeological artefacts, we are able to glimpse an over arching belief in a feminine deity. During the occupation of the Temple Mount by the Knights Templars, earlier traditions were ”re-discovered” and accepted as a de facto tradition. William St Clair at the threshold of the Renaissance, mindful of the danger of heresy, was intellectually able to bring together many traditions into a broad Biblically-based theology that recognised the early Israelite traditions as the foundation of Christian belief. All this is evident in Rosslyn Chapel. / OLD TESTAMENT and ANCIENT NE / MA (BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY)

La présente thèse porte sur l'affirmation d'une compétence pénale de la construction européenne. Elle vise à répondre à la question principale, comment au cours du développement du processus de l'intégration on arrive à la reconnaissance d'un pouvoir de l'ensemble communautaire dans le domaine pénal et quelles sont les dimensions concrètes dudit pouvoir.Dans la Première partie, on révèle que les deux facteurs essentiels de la reconnaissance d'une compétence de type communautaire, relative à la problématique pénale, ont d'abord conduit à un effet d'encadrement de la souveraineté pénale des Etats membres. Ce phénomène se manifeste sur deux plans: d'un côté, les principes d'application du droit communautaire et le fonctionnement propre du système de l'intégration, jouent le rôle d'un facteur puissant de l'encadrement de la souveraineté pénale des Etats. D'autre part, au cours du développement de la construction européenne, se pose la question de mettre le dispositif de l'intégration en service de la lutte contre la criminalité transfrontalière, qui résulte dans la création du Troisième pilier en tant que cadre européen spécifique en matière pénale, vu le manque de volonté à consacrer explicitement une compétence communautaire dans le domaine étudié.La Deuxième partie est ciblée sur la reconnaissance même d'un pouvoir de l'ensemble européen pour intervenir en matière pénale, en fonction des deux facteurs essentiels - l'application effective du droit de l'intégration et la nécessité de mettre le dispositif communautaire en service de la lutte contre la criminalité transfrontalière. Elle cherche également à clarifier la nature et les conditions d'exercice de cette compétence. Sur ce plan sont d'abord étudiées les deux sources d'affirmation d'une compétence pénale de l'ensemble européen et les expressions concrètes de la communautarisation du domaine pénal. Ainsi est démontré le lien dialectique entre le développement de la construction communautaire en tant qu'une nouvelle forme de régulation publique et la reconnaissance d'un pouvoir du niveau européen d'agir en matière pénale. En deuxième lieu, le cadre juridique de la compétence pénale de l'Union européenne sous l'emprise du Traité de Lisbonne est profondément analysé. Cela permet de révéler la nature de la compétence pénale du système de l'intégration et de tirer des conclusions sur l'originalité de la construction européenne en tant qu'une forme de fédération de type nouveau.De cette manière on arrive à établir, que l'affirmation d'une compétence de type communautaire en matière pénale est une émanation de la nature particulière de la construction européenne, une fonction de l'approfondissement du projet communautaire et de la consolidation du système de l'intégration en tant qu'une nouvelle organisation du pouvoir public. / The present thesis focuses on the assertion of Community competence in criminal matters. It aims not only to answer the question as to how the European integration process allows room for the recognition of a power of the European system in the field of criminal law, but also to shed light on the various aspects of the above-mentioned competence.The first part of the study revolves around the problem how the two essential factors leading to the recognition of a Community competence in criminal law brought about an effect of framing criminal sovereignty as towards the Member States of the European construction. This phenomenon manifests itself in two aspects. On the one hand, the principles of the application of European law alongside the functioning of the European integration system together play a very important role in limiting the sovereignty of the Member States in the field of criminal law. On the other hand, the important matter of using the set of legal tools of the European integration to combat cross-border criminality, resulted, despite the lack of common will to make explicit conferral of competence in the field of study, in the establishment of the Third Pillar as a specific European legal framework in criminal matters.It is the recognition of power of intervention of the European integration system in criminal law matters that is analysed in the second part of the present study. This recognition is conditioned by two main factors - the effective implementation of European integration law and the need to use the integration legal tools to combat cross-border criminality. It also made a constructive attempt to clarify the nature and the conditions of the exercise of the abovementioned competence. In this aspect, the two sources of the assertion of a Community competence in criminal matters and the precise legal expressions of this process are examined in the first place. Thus, the dialectical interconnection between the development of the European legal construction as a new form of public regulation and the recognition of the power of the European community to intervene in criminal matters is demonstrated. In a second step, the legal provisions of European competence in the field of criminal law according to the Treaty of Lisbon are analysed in depth. This shows the legal understanding of European competence in the field of criminal law and allows a positive conclusion on the originality of the European integration system as a federation of an unseen kind to be drawn. In this respect, the present study establishes that the assertion of a Community-based competence in the field of criminal law is an emanation of the peculiar nature of the European construction, a function of the deepening of the European project and of the consolidation of the integration system as a new form of public power.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to determine, whether the discourse of sustainable development (SD) has any impact on the academic public concerning the knowledge of the topics and principles of SD, or whether it has impact on the value orientation. A group of university students of economics was chosen for the purposes of this thesis as an instance of the academic public. The thesis consists of two main parts: the theoretical part and the analytical part. The theoretical part defines the theoretical base of following topics: the development of the human attitude towards the Earth; the warning messages that preceded the revolutionary year 1987; the basis of the sustainable development; selected topics and principles of the environmental pillar of sustainability; the environmental education; environmental sociology and the new environmental paradigm. The methods applied in the analytical part of this thesis are based on the quantitative approach, NEP and HEP, the environmental sociology. The overview of the discourse of SD from the point of view of the environmental pillar allows for the specific research the operationalization of the knowledge of the topics and principles of SD including the readiness to use those principles.