L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer un procédé de recyclage de mélanges ABS-PC issus des Déchets d’Equipements Electriques et Electroniques (DEEE) réels capable de s’affranchir des contraintes liées au recyclage des polymères.Ces contraintes sont liées, entre autre, à la présence d’impuretés (autres polymères) après l'étape de tri et au procédé de remise en forme. L’influence de la présence d’impureté dans un alliage ABS-PC sur ces propriétés mécaniques (résistance au choc et traction) a donc été étudiée en s’appuyant sur des observations morphologiques. Il s’est avéré que la présence d’impureté non miscible conduit à la dégradation des propriétés mécaniques de l’ABS-PC. L’ajout de compatibilisants a été étudié afin de masquer l’effet de l’impureté. Il a ainsi été montré que l’amélioration de la résilience du mélange (ABS-PC/impureté) est intimement liée à la modification de la morphologie et à la nature de l’adhésion aux interfaces. Il a ensuite été constaté que l’optimisation des paramètres de mise en oeuvre engendre une modification de la morphologie. Cette modification peut entrainer une augmentation de la résistance au choc.Ces deux méthodes ont ensuite été appliquées à un mélange d’ABS-PC ignifugé issu des DEEE contenant une impureté. L’ajout de compatibilisant et de la modification des paramètres de mise en oeuvre améliore la résilience. En revanche, cela a un effet néfaste sur le comportement au feu de l’alliage ABS-PC ignifugé. / The aim of this PhD work was to propose a recycling process method of PC-ABS blend from real Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment deposit (WEEE) deposits. This recycling process has to be able to overcome the problematic related to polymer recycling.The main constraints about recycling process are the presence of polymeric impurities after sorting step as well as mechanical reprocessing (extrusion and injection molded). Firstly, the effect of impurities on the mechanical properties (tensile and impact strength) and morphology (SEM, TEM) of PC-ABS blends have been studied. The presence of immiscible impurity deteriorates the mechanical properties of PC-ABS. The addition of an appropriate compatibilizer enhances the interface between PC-ABS and the impurity. The compatibilizer improves the impact strength and changes the morphology of this blend. Secondly, the optimization of injection molding parameters generates a change in morphology. This change leads to an increase of the impact strength.Both methods were applied to a flame retardant PC-ABS from WEEE with an impurity. The addition of a compatibilizer and the modification of injection molding parameters improve the impact strength. The presences of an impurity and a compatibilizer have a negative effect on the flame retardant properties of the PC-ABS blend

Les Déchets d'Equipement Electriques et Electroniques (DEEE) constituent un volume important de déchets dont le constituant majoritaire est l’ABS. C’est pour cela que nous avons travaillé principalement avec des polymères provenant d’un gisement réel (carters d’ordinateurs). Puis, des mélanges ABS/PC ont été élaborés (le PC étant un des constituants d’un gisement de carters), dans le but d’obtenir un matériau avec une résilience au moins équivalente à celle d’un ABS neuf. Même si l’ABS a montré une bonne aptitude à être recyclé seul, après vieillissement et recyclage, sa résilience connaît une chute due à la dégradation de la phase élastomère et à la présence d’ignifugeants. Il est important pour le recyclage de l’ABS et de ses mélanges de séparer les polymères ignifugés de ceux qui ne le sont pas. La voie mélange pour le recyclage de l’ABS par l’ajout de PC a l’avantage de simplifier le tri et de recycler un maximum des polymères présents dans les DEEE. Nous avons tout d’abord réalisé des mélanges ABS/PC neufs pour bénéficier d’une mise en œuvre et d’une composition optimales. L’influence des paramètres du procédé de recyclage (température et vis d’extrusion) et des propriétés des matériaux (taux et viscosité du PC, retardateurs de flamme de l’ABS) sur les propriétés du mélange a été étudiée. Nous avons effectué essentiellement des essais de résistance au choc Charpy et des études morphologiques. Les résultats ont montré qu’une morphologie fibrillaire ou co-continue est favorable à la meilleure résilience des mélanges ABS/PC. Nous avons obtenu pour des mélanges neufs ABS neuf FR/PC neuf réalisés avec 70% d’ABS une résilience supérieure à celle de l’ABS neuf. Mais, à composition égale, ce résultat n’a pas été atteint pour les mélanges majoritaires en ABS recyclé. Souhaitant réaliser des mélanges performants majoritaires en ABS recyclé, la compatibilisation semble nécessaire. Un mélange recyclé majoritaire en ABS, compatibilisé avec du PP-g-MA, est montré plus résilient que l’ABS neuf seul. Toutefois, les compatibilisants ont une efficacité limitée lorsqu’ils sont en présence de retardateurs de flamme ou soumis à un temps de séjour élevé dans la presse à injecter. Nous avons voulu utiliser des nanocharges minérales (montmorillonites), ajoutées en faible quantité, en tant qu'ignifugeants et compatibilisants. Elles se sont avérées inefficaces dans les études préliminaires réalisées. Le choix des nanoargiles minérales doit être optimisé. / WEEE constitute a huge waste volume in which ABS is the major component. So, we focused on polymers from a real deposit (casing of computers); such a deposit contains ABS, PC, PS, ABS-PC. In a first step, recycling of aged ABS was studied. The decrease in the C=C content induces an impact strength drop. Nevertheless, ABS proved to be recyclable given that optimized processing conditions are found. The role of flame retardants was shown to be crucial on the recyclability. Separating polymers with or without flame retardants is the key point of the ABS recycling. However, recycled aged ABS do not recover the impact strength of neat virgin ABS. Then, ABS/PC blends were elaborated in order to obtain a material with an impact strength at least equivalent to the neat ABS. The use of ABS/PC blends for this recycling facilitates the sorting and the utilization of most of WEEE polymers. We first made ABS/PC blends from virgin polymers to have optimal processability and composition. Performing Charpy impact strength tests and morphological studies allowed to evaluate the influence of recycling process parameters (temperature and screw extrusion) and material properties (rate and viscosity of PC and ABS flame retardants). Experimental results indicate that the impact strength of the ABS/PC blends is higher when the morphology is fibrillar or co-continuous. We obtained ABS virgin FR/PC virgin blends (70/30) with an impact strength greater than the neat ABS. But, with equal composition, this result was not reached for the blends. So to achieve reliable blends rich in recycled ABS, compatibilisation is necessary. Recycled ABS/PC blends compatibilised with PP-g-MA is more resilient than the ABS. However, the compatibilising agents have a limited efficiency when they are used in the presence of flame retardants or subjected to a high residence time. Finally, nanoclays were attemptively used as both FR and compatibiliser. Tough they proved uneffective in the very first experiments carried out (the choice of clay need to be optimized).

[pt] Atualmente, as novas tecnologias estão estendendo os limites físicos dos veículos automotivos em busca de mais segurança e comforto. Novas aplicações, como por exemplo veículos autônomos, exigem sistemas de controle capazes de garantir a estabilidade do veículo durante a condução autônoma ou em cenários perigosos. Na maioria dos carros modernos, os sistemas de controle atuam de forma independente, ou seja, não há coordenação ou compartilhamento de dados entre eles, pois poderiam produzir conflitos entre esses controladores. Desse modo, nenhuma melhoria na estabilidade do veículo é alcançada ou inclusive, piores cenários podem ser produzidos. Para superar esses problemas, uma abordagem integrada é projetada neste trabalho. Esta integração, definida como sistema de controle integrado (IC), usa uma regra para coordenar o programa eletrônico de estabilidade (ESP em inglês) e o sistema de direção de quatro rodas (4WS em inglês). O ESP realiza uma frenagem seletiva dependendo do estado atual do veículo. Esta condição é estimada pela diferença entre a taxa de guinada desejada, obtida usando um modelo linear do veículo, e a taxa de guinada real. Adicionalmente, as pressões de frenagem em cada roda são calculadas pelo sistema de travagem antibloqueio (ABS em inglês). Neste trabalho, uma lógica de comutação on-off e um modelo hidráulico de primeira ordem são empregadas para modelar o sistema ABS. Para projetar o 4WS, usou-se uma estratégia por alimentação direta que considera o ângulo de esterçamento das roas frontais. Finalmente, para testar as vantagens do sistema IC proposto nesta tese contra o enfoque não integrado, realizaram-se simulações considerando um modelo não-linear do veículo em cenários críticos de condução. O modelo do veículo foi derivado empregando a abordagem multicorpos e o princípio de Jourdain, e depois é validado usando um conjunto de dados experimentais obtidos por sensores montados em um carro a escala. / [en] Nowadays new technologies are pushing the road vehicle limits further. Promising applications, e.g. self-driving cars, requires control systems that are able to ensure the vehicle s stability during autonomous driving or under dangerous scenarios. In most of modern cars, the control systems actuates independently, i.e. there is no coordination or data sharing between them. This approach can produce conflicts between these standalone controllers, thereby no improvements on the vehicle s stability are achieved or even a worse scenario can be produced. In order to overcome these problems, an integrated approach is designed in this work. This integration, defined as Integrated control system (IC), use a rule to coordinate the Electronic stability program (ESP) and the Four-wheel steering system (4WS). The ESP performs a selective braking depending of the current state of the vehicle. This condition is estimated by the difference between the desired yaw rate, obtained using a linear vehicle model, and the actual yaw rate. In addition, the braking pressures at each wheel are computed by the Anti-lock braking system (ABS). In this work, an on-off switching logic and a firstorder hydraulic model are employed to model the ABS system. To model the 4WS, a simple feed-forward control strategy that consider the front steering as input is used. Finally, in order to test the advantages of the IC system against the non-integrated one, simulations considering a nonlinear vehicle model under critical driving scenarios were performed. The vehicle model was derived employing the multibody approach and the Jourdain s principle, and then it is validated using a set of experimental data obtained by sensors mounted on a scaled car.

This thesis focuses on the critical development of friction and blended braking capabilities for an electric driveline model intended for multiscale road-cargo simulations. In the rapidly evolving landscape of transportation, electric driveline technology has emerged as a key player in achieving sustainability and efficiency goals. This study addresses the pivotal aspect of braking performance within this context, aiming to optimize energy utilization and enhance road safety. Using a systems engineering approach, MATLAB, and Simulink, the work in this thesis focused on the construction of a comprehensive model of a Volvo FH truck with friction/blended braking and an Anti-lock Braking System (ABS). The model underwent rigorous validation against the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and subsequent simulation under NEDC, US06, WLTC3 driving cycles. The primary objective was to assess the impact of activating or deactivating the blended control system on the State of Charge (SOC) and energy consumption. Through iterative refinement, the model's energy consumption per kilometer closely approximated actual FH truck test values. Activating the blended control system consistently led to reduced energy consumption across all driving cycles, underscoring its potential to enhance sustainable and safe transportation solutions. Importantly, the ABS system functioned effectively throughout the simulations, ensuring vehicle safety, while the model maintained a consistent output speed aligned with the input speed. This abstract summarizes the research's focus, methodology, and key findings, highlighting the successful development and validation of a Volvo FH truck model with friction/blended braking and ABS systems. The results underscore the blended control system's capacity to improve energy efficiency, contributing to the pursuit of sustainable and efficient transportation solutions in the evolving landscape of electric driveline technology. / Detta examensarbete fokuserar på utvecklingen av en elektrisk drivlinemodell som inkluderar mixning av konventionell friktionsbromssystem och den elektriska drivlinans moment under regenerering. Modellen är avsedd för multiskaliga väg-och godstransportsimuleringar. I den snabbt föränderliga transportsektorn är elektrisk drivlineteknologi en viktig del för att uppnå hållbarhets- och effektivitetsmål. Detta arbete behandlar den avgörande aspekten av bromsprestanda i detta sammanhang och har som mål att optimera energianvändningen och kontrollera vägsäkerheten. Genom att använda s.k. systems engineering-metodik, MATLAB och Simulink, utvecklades en dynamisk modell av en Volvo FH-lastbil med friktions-/mixad bromsning och system för låsningsfria bromsar (ABS). Modellen genomgick en rigorös validering mot New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) och efterföljande simuleringar enligt NEDC, US06 och WLTC3-körcykler. Det primära målet var att bedöma effekten av att aktivera eller inaktivera det mixade kontrollsystemet på laddningsnivå (SOC) och energiförbrukning. Genom iterativ förbättring approximerade modellen energiförbrukningen per kilometer nära de faktiska provvärdena för FH-lastbilar. Aktivering av det blandade kontrollsystemet ledde konsekvent till minskad energiförbrukning för alla körcykler och underströk dess potential att förbättra hållbara och säkra transportsystem. Det är viktigt att notera att ABS-systemet fungerade effektivt genom alla simuleringar och säkerställde fordonssäkerheten, samtidigt som modellen beräknade en hastighet i linje med körcykelns specificerade hastigheten. Denna sammanfattning sammanfattar forskningens fokus, metodik och huvudsakliga resultat och lyfter fram den framgångsrika utvecklingen och valideringen av en Volvo FH-lastbilsmodell med friktions-/mixad bromsning och ABS-system. Resultaten understryker det blandade kontrollsystemets förmåga att förbättra energieffektiviteten och bidra till strävan efter hållbara och effektiva transportsystem i den snabbt föränderliga världen av elektrisk drivlineteknologi.

The thesis presents an intermediate modelling approach to study transient behaviour of vehicle systems, with emphasis put on simplified yet accurate representation of important system elements. A representative non-linear vehicle model is developed in MA TLAB/Simulink environment, where non-linear characteristics of tyre, suspension and braking system are included to capture the dynamic behaviour of a vehicle under transient conditions. The novel aspect of this work is the application of a representative full vehicle-tyre-ABS integrated set-up to study the complicated interaction between tyre and anti-lock braking, under a range of demanding operating conditions, including combined cornering and braking. The modelling methodology involves development of low end vehicle models, based on the Newton-Euler formulation. Subsequently, an intermediate vehicle model is devised, where more details are incorporated such as additional DOF to capture the sprung mass motion in space, along with its non-linear interactions with the un-sprung masses, large angle effects, kinematics of steering/wheels and an appropriate tyre model suitable for transient manoeuvres. Particular attention is paid to the suspension system modelling, through inclusion of non-linear effects in springs, dampers, bump-stops, and anti-roll bars, along with the jacking and anti-dive effects using the virtual work method. The model also incorporates a hydraulic brake model, based on the reduced order brake system dynamics for realistic simulation of the braking manoeuvres. A complex multi-body ADAMS/Chassis model, with much greater level of detail, has also been established to extensively compare and enhance the realistic behaviour of the intermediate vehicle model. During the simulation exercise, the intermediate vehicle model has shown good agreement with the complex ADAMS model, thus justifying the accurate representation of vehicle.non-linear characteristics, particularly the suspension system. The realistic behaviour of the vehicle model is further ascertained with a reliable GPS enabled test vehicle, by performing number of manoeuvres on test tracks, including combined cornering and braking. A representative 4-channel conventional ABS system is modelled and integrated in the intermediate vehicle model. The ABS adopts generic peak seeking approach, employing wheel deceleration and brake slip as control variables. External braking inputs, in form of stepped pressure pulses, are also separately used to represent the transient braking system dynamics. In the current work, different transient tyre models based on the single point contact approach and using Magic Formula steady-state characteristics are applied, while studying the influence of their dynamic behaviour on the ABS system. By employing a representative ABS system in a multi-body vehicle model and considering the particularly demanding situation of combined braking I cornering, it is shown that the models which are adequate for pure braking might struggle when the complicated full vehicle dynamics are excited. It is shown that the first order relaxation length approach may not be sufficient to fully satisfy the requirements of an ABS braking, especially if the relaxation length is not modelled as a variable dependent on tyre slip. In comparison, the modelling approach, where the carcass compliances and contact patch properties are explicitly represented, can handle the oscillatory tyre behaviour associated with ABS braking, in a far more accurate manner. In comparison to the earlier studies, which were mostly conducted for straight-line braking, this thesis stresses the fact that the tyre behaviour can be influenced by the complex interaction of handling and braking, and hence the effect should be captured while investigating or evaluating the performance of a tyre model in relation with ABS simulation.

This thesis introduces a financial simulation model covering two related financial domains: Mobile Payments and Retail Stores systems.   The problem we address in these domains is different types of fraud. We limit ourselves to isolated cases of relatively straightforward fraud. However, in this thesis the ultimate aim is to introduce our approach towards the use of computer simulation for fraud detection and its applications in financial domains. Fraud is an important problem that impact the whole economy. Currently, there is a lack of public research into the detection of fraud. One important reason is the lack of transaction data which is often sensitive. To address this problem we present a mobile money Payment Simulator (PaySim) and Retail Store Simulator (RetSim), which allow us to generate synthetic transactional data that contains both: normal customer behaviour and fraudulent behaviour.    These simulations are Multi Agent-Based Simulations (MABS) and were calibrated using real data from financial transactions. We developed agents that represent the clients and merchants in PaySim and customers and salesmen in RetSim. The normal behaviour was based on behaviour observed in data from the field, and is codified in the agents as rules of transactions and interaction between clients and merchants, or customers and salesmen. Some of these agents were intentionally designed to act fraudulently, based on observed patterns of real fraud. We introduced known signatures of fraud in our model and simulations to test and evaluate our fraud detection methods. The resulting behaviour of the agents generate a synthetic log of all transactions as a result of the simulation. This synthetic data can be used to further advance fraud detection research, without leaking sensitive information about the underlying data or breaking any non-disclose agreements.   Using statistics and social network analysis (SNA) on real data we calibrated the relations between our agents and generate realistic synthetic data sets that were verified against the domain and validated statistically against the original source.   We then used the simulation tools to model common fraud scenarios to ascertain exactly how effective are fraud techniques such as the simplest form of statistical threshold detection, which is perhaps the most common in use. The preliminary results show that threshold detection is effective enough at keeping fraud losses at a set level. This means that there seems to be little economic room for improved fraud detection techniques.   We also implemented other applications for the simulator tools such as the set up of a triage model and the measure of cost of fraud. This showed to be an important help for managers that aim to prioritise the fraud detection and want to know how much they should invest in fraud to keep the loses below a desired limit according to different experimented and expected scenarios of fraud.

A visão de muitas pessoas sobre uma colônia de formigas, em geral, é de que estes pequenos e inofensivos insetos somente se movem aleatoriamente para coletar alimento e conservá-los em seus ninhos. Um olhar destreinado não conseguiria notar o nível de complexidade e organização que é requerido por uma colônia de formigas para sua sobrevivência. Uma formiga simples é parte de um grande grupo que coopera entre si para criar um superorganismo. Sem uma autoridade central ou indivíduos com habilidade de um pensamento cognitivo complexo, a colônia se auto-organiza, e, de fato, ajusta seus recursos de uma maneira muito eficiente. Essa dissertação investiga o papel da comunicação indireta nas tarefas de exploração e forrageamento, e como isso afeta as decisões de um agente simples e traz um comportamento emergente útil à toda colônia. Por fim, este trabalho implementa uma plataforma de simulação multi-agente inspirado em formigas / Most people\'s view of an ant colony and ants in general is that they simply pose harmless little insects that move randomly and gather food in their underground nests. The untrained eye would have never guessed the level of complexity and organisation that is required in order for an ant colony to survive. The simple ant is a part of a huge group, which cooperate one superorganism. Without any central authority or the ability of complex cognitive thought from the individuals, the colony seems to self organise and in fact adjust its resources in a quite efficient way. This dissertation investigates the role of indirect communication in the exploration and forage task and how it affects the decisions of the single agent and brings an emergent behaviour that is useful to all the colony. Finally this work implements an ant inspired multi-agent simulation plataform

The objective of this study is to synthesize nematic-thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (LCP) and determine their possible application areas. In this context, thirty different LCP&rsquo / s were synthesized and categorized with respect to their fiber formation capacity, melting temperature and mechanical properties. The basic chemical structure of synthesized LCP&rsquo / s were composed of p-acetoxybenzoic acid (p-ABA), m-acetoxybenzoic acid (m-ABA), hydroquinone diacetate (HQDA), terephthalic acid (TPA) and isophthalic acid (IPA) and alkyl-diacids monomers. In addition to mentioned monomers, polymers and oligomers were included in the backbone such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) polymers, and polybutylene naphthalate (PBN), polyhexylene naphthalate (PHN) and poly butylene terephthalate (PBT) oligomers that contain different kinds of alkyl-diols. We adjusted the LCP content to have low melting point (180oC-280oC) that is processable with thermoplastics. This was achieved by balancing the amount of linear (para) and angular (meta) groups on the aromatic backbones together with the use of linear hydrocarbon linkages in the random copolymerization (esterification) reaction. LCP species were characterized by the following techniques / Polarized Light Microscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Scattering (WAXS, Fiber diffraction), surface free energy, end group analysis (CEG), intrinsic viscosity (IV) and tensile test. According to these analysis LCPs were classified into five main categories / (I) fully aromatics, (II) aromatics+ PET/PEN, (III) aromatics + oligomers (IV) aromatics + short aliphatic diacids, (V) aromatics + long aliphatic diacids. The foremost results of the analysis can be given as below. DSC analysis shows that some LCPs are materials that have stable LC mesogens under polarized light microscopy. In TGA analysis LCPs that have film formation capacity passed the thermal stability test up to 390oC. NMR results proved that predicted structures of LCPs from feed charged to the reactor are correct. In FTIR due to the inclusion of new moieties, several peaks were labeled in the finger-print range that belongs to reactants. In X-ray analysis, LCP24 (containing PET) was found to be more crystalline than LCP25 (containing PEN) which is due to the symmetrical configuration. Block segments were more pronounced in wholly aromatic LCP2 than LCP24 that has flexible spacers. Another important finding is that, as the amount of the charge to the reactor increases CEG value increases and molecular weight of the product decreases. Selected group V species were employed as reinforcing agent and mixed with the thermoplastics / acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), nylon6 (PA6), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP) and appropriate compatibilizers in micro compounder and twin screw extruder. The blends of them were tested in dog-bone and/or fiber form. In general LCPs do not improve the mechanical properties except in composite application with polypropylene. A significant increase in tensile properties is observed by LCP24 and LCP25 usage. Capillary rheometer studies show that the viscosity of ABS decreases with the inclusion PA6 and LCP2 together. In addition to the composite applications, some LCPs are promising with new usage areas. Such as nano fibers with 200nm diameter were obtained from LCP27 by electrospinning method. The high dielectric constant of LCP29 has shown that it may have application areas in capacitors.

In der Arbeit werden die Möglichkeiten der Abschirmung elektromagnetischer Wellen durch spritzgegossene Kunststoffgehäuse aus stahlfasergefüllten Thermoplasten untersucht. Beginnend mit einer Erläuterung der Abschirmprinzipien, werden die verschiedenen Verfahren zur Schirmdämpfung erläutert und ein Überblick der elektrisch leitfähigen Kunststoffcompounds gegeben. Weiterhin werden Verfahren zur Messung der Schirmdämpfung und Leitfähigkeit vorgestellt. Der experimentelle Teil befasst sich mit der Charakterisierung der Materialeigenschaften. Es wird der Einfluss von Faserfüllgrad und -länge experimentell untersucht und mit Modellansätzen zur Beschreibung der Schirmdämpfung und Leitfähigkeit verglichen. Die Untersuchung des Verarbeitungsverhaltens beim Spritzgießen beinhaltet die Beschreibung des rheologischen Verhaltens stahlfasergefüllter Thermoplaste sowie die Auswirkungen der Prozessbedingungen und der Bindenahtbildung auf die Schirmwirkung. Ausführungen zum konstruktiven Einfluss auf die Schirmdämpfung unter Betrachtung der Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten der Gehäuseverbindung und möglicher Aperturen schließen die Arbeiten ab.

L‟objectif de cette thèse est de valoriser les polymères styréniques issus des déchets d‟équipements électroniques et électriques. Les polymères considérés sont le polystyrène (PS), le polystyrène choc (HIPS), le poly(acrylonitrile-butadiène-styrène) (ABS), l'ABS couplé avec du polycarbonate (ABS/PC) et le poly(styrène-acrylonitrile) (SAN). Une étude préliminaire a permis de définir deux mélanges à compatibiliser : le mélange PS/ABS et le mélange PS/PC. Pour le mélange PS/ABS, la voie de compatibilisation ionique est étudiée. L‟ajout d‟un copolymère présentant une structure ionique et la création d‟un réseau in-situ sont tentés. Ces deux voies n‟ont pas donné de résultats concluants en termes d‟amélioration des propriétés finales du mélange. Le mélange PS/PC est lui compatibilisé par ajout d‟un copolymère polystyrène bloc-poly(éthylène-butylène)-bloc-polystyrène greffé PC. Ce copolymère est tout d‟abord créé en mélangeur interne, afin d‟étudier différents catalyseurs susceptibles d‟initier le greffage, puis l‟extrusion réactive est utilisée pour synthétiser ce copolymère à grande échelle. Plusieurs taux de copolymère sont alors introduits dans le mélange PS/PC et l‟amélioration des propriétés et des microstructures prouve son effet compatibilisant