The Master's thesis deals with the simulations kinematics and dynamics of experimental four-wheeled vehicle with all-wheel steering and all-wheel drive. Suggestion of vehicle stability systems ABS/ASR for traction control is included. There are several dynamics models with their comparison. The estimation of important vehicle parameters is implemented. Based on knowledge the simple vehicle stability system ABS/ASR is created.

In der Arbeit werden die Möglichkeiten der Abschirmung elektromagnetischer Wellen durch spritzgegossene Kunststoffgehäuse aus stahlfasergefüllten Thermoplasten untersucht. Beginnend mit einer Erläuterung der Abschirmprinzipien, werden die verschiedenen Verfahren zur Schirmdämpfung erläutert und ein Überblick der elektrisch leitfähigen Kunststoffcompounds gegeben. Weiterhin werden Verfahren zur Messung der Schirmdämpfung und Leitfähigkeit vorgestellt. Der experimentelle Teil befasst sich mit der Charakterisierung der Materialeigenschaften. Es wird der Einfluss von Faserfüllgrad und -länge experimentell untersucht und mit Modellansätzen zur Beschreibung der Schirmdämpfung und Leitfähigkeit verglichen. Die Untersuchung des Verarbeitungsverhaltens beim Spritzgießen beinhaltet die Beschreibung des rheologischen Verhaltens stahlfasergefüllter Thermoplaste sowie die Auswirkungen der Prozessbedingungen und der Bindenahtbildung auf die Schirmwirkung. Ausführungen zum konstruktiven Einfluss auf die Schirmdämpfung unter Betrachtung der Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten der Gehäuseverbindung und möglicher Aperturen schließen die Arbeiten ab.

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My work focuses on taking waste wire-grade PVC = poly(vinyl chloride) and waste XLPE = cross-linked polyethylene and recycle them into small wire/cable spool technology in order to reduce waste cost and reduce cost of spool production. The PVC and XLPE were provided by Encore Wire Corp. of McKinney, TX; they have also defined the standard to which I am comparing my results. The end goal is to incorporate as much PVC and XLPE into the spools while maintaining material toughness, impact resistance, as well as cost-effectiveness in the implementation of the waste materials. The work has been divided into two primary sections, the first is focused on improving material strength through the addition of ceramic fillers. The second section is focused on adding PVC and XLPE into a stronger and highly cohesive polymer matrix and optimizing the concentration of the waste products. Since XLPE is non-polar while PVC is strongly polar, compatibilizers such as CPE (chlorinated polyethylene) and MA-DCP (maleic anhydride with dicumyl peroxide) were used to improve interactions between polar and non-polar constituents. Testing involved the tensile mechanical properties, tribology and thermal properties, namely dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and evaluation of thermal degradation by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Combining PVC and XLPE together is not economically feasible with current compatiblizers. At the same time, introduction of PVC waste or XLPE waste with sufficient properties of the resulting composites is doable.

Rising global antibiotic resistance has caused concerns over sources and pathways for the spread of contributing factors. Majority of the antimicrobials used in the U.S. are involved in veterinary medicine, primarily with livestock rearing. Animal manure land application integrates livestock farming and agroecosystems. This manure contains antibiotic resistant elements (AREs) (resistant bacteria, resistance genes, and veterinary antibiotics) that contribute towards antimicrobial resistance. Altering manure application techniques can reduce surface runoff of other contaminants such as excess N and P, pesticides, and hormones, that can impact water quality. Conventional tillage practices in the U.S. has reduced or stopped, making subsurface injection of manure a promising option when compared to surface application. Our research compared manure application methods, manure application seasons, cropping system, and manure-rainfall time gaps to gauge the impact on AREs in the environment. Two field-scale rainfall simulation studies were conducted along with one laboratory study. Using the injection method lowered concentrations of manure associated AREs entering surface runoff. When manure was surface applied and rainfall occurred 7 d after application, 9-30 times less resistant fecal coliform bacteria (FCB) entered surface runoff when compared to 1 d time gap for that broadcast method. Within a day of manure application, antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles in soil began to differ from each other based on manure application and soil ARG richness in all manure-amended soil increased compared to the background. Runoff from injection plots contained 52 ARGs with higher abundance compared to runoff from surface applied plots. ARGs in the former were more correlated to soil and more correlated to manure in the latter. The highest antibiotic concentrations were in the injection slit soil of those plots. Antibiotic concentrations in samples corresponded positively to concentrations of resistant FCB and ARGs, and there was a positive correlation between resistant FCB and their associated ARGs (Spearman's ρ = 0.43-0.63). A CRIISPR-Cas12a assay for quantification of ARGs in environmental samples was just as precise as conventional methods. There is also potential for in-situ detection. These combined results can hopefully help farmers improve manure management practices that mitigate spread of AREs to surrounding water, crops, and soil. / Doctor of Philosophy / Rising global antibiotic resistance cause concerns over sources and pathways for the spread of contributing factors. Most of the antimicrobials used in the U.S. are involved in veterinary medicine, especially with livestock rearing. Overuse of antibiotics that are medically important to human medicine compromises the effectiveness of our medicines. Animal manure contains antibiotic resistant elements (AREs) such as resistant bacteria, resistance genes, and antibiotics) that contribute towards resistance issues. Once these AREs enter the environment, they can be taken up by crops, runoff into surface water or leached into ground water, or even reside within the animal products we consume. Altering manure application techniques is beneficial for nutrient conservation but also potentially for reducing ARE spread. With our research, we compared manure application methods, manure application seasons, cropping systems, and manure-rainfall time gaps to find ways to balance the need for manure application and the spread of resistance. We used two field-scale rainfall simulation studies along with one laboratory study. Overall, using the injection method resulted in significantly lower concentrations of manure associated AREs entering surface runoff. When manure was surface applied and rainfall occurred 7 d after application, less resistant fecal coliform bacteria (FCB) entered surface runoff when compared to the 1 d time gap for broadcast methods. Within a day of manure application, antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles in soil began to differ from each other and soil ARG totals in all manure applied soil increased compared to the background. Runoff from injection plots contained more soil ARGs and runoff from surface applied plots containing more manure associated ARGs. The subsurface injection method also caused highest antibiotic concentrations in the injection slit soil of those plots. High antibiotic concentrations in samples generally meant high concentrations of resistant FCB and ARGs, and resistant FCB were also found with their associated ARGs as well. A CRISPR-Cas12a assay for quantification of ARGs in environmental samples was just as precise as conventional methods. There is also potential for onsite detection. These combined results can hopefully help farmers improve manure management practices that mitigate spread of AREs to surrounding water, crops, and soil.

El proceso de inyección es un proceso de conformado de materiales poliméricos termoplásticos que representa una notable importancia económica y tecnológica y cuyo estudio ha supuesto multitud de investigaciones relacionadas con la determinación de condiciones óptimas de proceso. Por otra parte, los materiales reciclados termoplásticos se caracterizan por haber soportado diferentes temperaturas durante el procesado, además de contener frecuentemente una serie de impurezas de distinta procedencia, ya sea por el propio material de partida o por el proceso de recuperación. Aglutinando los dos aspectos anteriores, la presente tesis tiene como objetivo la recuperación de las propiedades de residuos de ABS y de HIPS, así como la mezcla de ABS + HIPS al 50 %, mediante la incorporación de bajos contenidos de SEBS. Con el fin de conseguir el objetivo principal se plantean los siguientes objetivos parciales: - La caracterización de los materiales a estudiar ABS y HIPS, con el objeto de conocer los cambios que aparecen en el material por causa del reprocesado. - La realización de un estudio previo para saber que materiales componen los productos proporcionados por la Empresa ACTECO S.L. que se pretenden recuperar y después caracterizar la mezcla realizada de ABS con la impureza encontrada. - La caracterización de la mezcla de ABS - HIPS para determinar la compatibilidad de ambos materiales y como esta compatibilidad afecta a sus propiedades. - El cálculo de los parámetros de Cross-WLF que determinan la viscosidad de los materiales y, a partir de ahí, determinar las mejores condiciones de proceso de inyección mediante la simulación de inyección (CAE). - La utilización de un material de reciente explotación industrial, el SEBS, como aditivo que modifique y recupere las propiedades de los materiales anteriormente estudiados. / Peydró Rasero, MÁ. (2014). Investigación sobre la incorporación de SEBS en el proceso de recuperación de residuos de ABS para la mejora de propiedades mecánicas y reológicas [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/39794