Thèse (M.A.)--Université Laval, 1998. / Bibliogr.: f. 105-106. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Thèse (M.Ps.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2005. / "Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en psychologie offerte à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi en vertu d'un protocole d'entente avec l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières." Comprend des réf. bibliogr. : f. [112]-130. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF.

Th. 3e cycle--Sciences de l'éducation--Grenoble, 1989. / Bibliogr. p. 343-354.

L’un des objectifs de la politique éducative du Ministère de l’Éducation nationale consiste à développer la réussite scolaire et l’épanouissement de chaque élève. Mais cet objectif peut être entravé par des violences scolaires et l’école peut alors devenir un lieu de souffrance pour les élèves. Le harcèlement scolaire peut prendre diverses formes telles que le harcèlement physique, verbal, psychologique et virtuel via les réseaux sociaux et les technologies de communication et d’information (i.e., le cyber-harcèlement). Le harcèlement scolaire et le cyber-harcèlement engendrent de graves conséquences sur le bien-être des élèves, leur santé mentale, physique, leur scolarité, qu’ils soient (cyber)victimes ou (cyber)harceleurs. Ce travail de recherche a eu pour objectif premier d’identifier les facteurs qui amènent les élèves à adopter ou non des conduites de harcèlement au sein de l’école, mais également derrière leurs écrans, à travers plusieurs études à la fois exploratoires et expérimentales. Le second objectif a été de proposer et d’évaluer une action psycho-éducative pour tenter de réduire les comportements agressifs des collégiens en développant une compétence psychosociale essentielle à la promotion de la santé et de l’empathie, par le biais de la technique du jeu de rôle, et ainsi de promouvoir des comportements favorisant un climat scolaire harmonieux. / The ministry of national Education aims at developing educational success and each pupil’s fulfillment. Nevertheless, this aim can be disturbed by school violence, thus turning school into a place of physical and psychological pain for pupils. School bullying can take many forms such as physical, verbal, psychological and virtual (i.e. cyberbullying). A growing body of international research evidence has demonstrated that bullying is associated with negative consequences for both (cyber)bullies and their (cyber)victims. First, this PhD thesis will aim at identifying which factors bring pupils to adopt bullying and cyberbullying behaviors inside the school and which factors don’t. Then, it will offer and evaluate interventions to fight against school bullying improving students’ empathy in order to reduce middle school students’ aggressive behaviors.

Orientador: Vera Regina Toledo Camargo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T20:14:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Purcino_LucianaSales_M.pdf: 2798992 bytes, checksum: 8a7ec65115b6bc3c56696f57f0fe3c8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Na sociedade contemporânea, os meios de comunicação social assumem um papel central nas atividades em geral, configurando-se como uma ferramenta fundamental para o exercício da cidadania e para a difusão do conhecimento, situação constatada também no campo da alimentação e da nutrição. O tema alimentação e nutrição é cada vez mais evidenciado nas diversas mídias; uma presença que tem sido valorizada por seu potencial em contribuir com a promoção da alimentação saudável e da saúde; mas também, tem sido questionada quanto à credibilidade e à adequação, muitas vezes, comprometidas por influências de mercado como, por exemplo, as determinadas pela indústria da estética. Diante desta problemática, nesta dissertação objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade dos conteúdos relacionados ao tema alimentação e nutrição das revistas on-line femininas para adolescentes Capricho e Todateen. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa através do método Análise do Conteúdo em associação a referenciais teórico-conceituais dos Estudos Culturais. O corpus de análise foi constituído por 111 textos (68 textos da revista on-line Capricho e 43 textos da revista on-line Todateen). O corpus foi selecionado através de busca no site das revistas Capricho e Todateen com palavras-chave relacionadas ao tema alimentação e nutrição, adotando-se o recorte temporal de um ano (ano de 2012). Os principais resultados e análises dos textos do corpus foram: as celebridades foram as fontes de informação preferenciais; a função principal das fontes foi relatar experiências pessoais; a abordagem foi predominantemente fatual; a utilização de termos linguísticos foi inadequada com prejuízo de sentido; a ocorrência de informações promotoras de práticas alimentares saudáveis foi reduzida; assuntos de interesse público praticamente não entraram em pauta; o enquadramento caracterizou-se pela prevalência da dimensão biológica da alimentação e nutrição com foco na estética e pela concepção sobre alimentação e nutrição baseada mais na ideia de dieta restritiva do que de alimentação saudável. Os resultados obtidos permitem afirmar que os conteúdos das revistas analisadas não apresentam qualidade satisfatória e potencial para contribuir com a segurança alimentar e nutricional das adolescentes / Abstract: In modern society, the media play a central role in different sectors, since they appear as a fundamental tool for the exercise of citizenship and the dissemination of knowledge - a situation that is also verified in the fields of alimentation and nutrition . The topic of alimentation and nutrition is increasingly noticeable in various media: this presence has been valued for its potential to contribute to the promotion of healthy nutrition and health in general; however, it has also been questioned as to its credibility and adequacy which are often compromised by market influences (determined by the esthetic industry, for instance). Given these issues, this dissertation sought to analyze the quality of the content related to the topic of alimentation and nutrition in two online teen magazines - Todateen and Capricho. A qualitative research was performed using the Content Analysis method in combination with theoretical and conceptual frameworks of the Cultural Studies. The corpus for analysis consisted of 111 texts (68 texts of the online magazine Capricho and 43 texts of the online magazine Todateen). The corpus was selected by searching in the websites of the magazines Capricho and Todateen using keywords related to the topics of alimentation and nutrition, and we selected the time frame of one year (year 2012). The main results and analysis of the texts in the corpus were: celebrities were always the preferred sources of information; the main role of the sources was to report personal experiences; the approach was predominantly factual; the use of linguistic terms was inadequate and presented a loss of meaning; the occurrence of information promoting healthy nutrition practices was reduced; issues of public interest hardly entered on the agenda; the framework was characterized by the prevalence of a biological dimension for alimentation and nutrition with a focus on esthetics, and the concepts of alimentation and nutrition were more based on the idea of a restrictive diet than on healthy eating. These results allow us to affirm that the contents of the magazines analyzed do not present satisfactory quality and potential to contribute to alimentation and nutrition safety of adolescents / Mestrado / Divulgação Científica e Cultural / Mestra em Divulgação Científica e Cultural

Les recherches sociologiques portant sur l’analyse des liens entre l’appartenance socio-territoriale et le risque routier demeurent minimes. Si les travaux épidémiologiques dans ce domaine sont plus nombreux et concluent pour l’essentiel, à l’existence d’inégalités sociales et territoriales de mobilité et d’accidentalité routière, les logiques afférentes restent pourtant méconnues. Dans quelle mesure la situation sociale et territoriale d’un individu influe-t-elle sur sa mobilité et son accidentalité routière ? Pourquoi les groupes défavorisés auraient-ils plus d’accidents de la route que les plus favorisés ? Ces questionnements constituent le point de départ de notre recherche. En choisissant de nous intéresser aux cas des adolescents, notre problématique ne se réduit plus à celle des inégalités sociales et territoriales de mobilité et d’accidentalité routière. Désormais, elle tient compte également des spécificités de l’adolescence en tant que période pendant laquelle l’aspiration à l’autonomie est forte, les prises de risque récurrentes, et l’influence des pairs non négligeable. Nous avons entreprise notre recherche auprès d’adolescents issus de six collèges rhodaniens aux profils contrastés (publics/privés, en milieu urbain/ en banlieue/en milieu rural). Plus de 1000 adolescents ont participé à une enquête par questionnaire et près de 200 d’entre eux ont participé à des focus-group. En alliant méthode quantitative et méthode qualitative, nous montrons que la mobilité et l’accidentalité routière des adolescents ne sont pas réductibles à leur appartenance sociale et territoriale. La thèse que nous défendons est la suivante : « en matière de mobilité et de sécurité routière, les inégalités ou disparités sociales et territoriales peuvent être doublées, voire gommées par l’effet du groupe d’âge et par l’autonomie décisionnelle de l’adolescent ». Par-delà les inégalités de motorisation selon la situation sociale et territoriale, les comportements routiers sont moins liés à l’appartenance socio-territoriale qu’à la volonté de l’adolescent de rendre son comportement raisonnable selon les circonstances du trajet. Les milieux défavorisés renferment certes les plus fortes proportions d’adolescents ayant des comportements routiers à risque mais lorsque les adolescents sont avec leurs pairs, tous – quelle que soit leur appartenance sociale – adoptent davantage des comportements contraires aux normes officielles de sécurité routière. Chez les adolescents, l’appartenance sociale et territoriale n’influe pas sur le risque d’accident de la route : ce sont surtout l’usage du deux-roues motorisé et l’expérience de l’ivresse qui augmentent le risque d’accident. / Sociological research on the links between socio-territorial belonging and road risk remain minimal. If the epidemiological studies in this field are more numerous and essentially conclude the existence of social and territorial inequalities of mobility and road accidents, logics related remain yet unknown. To what extent the socio-territorial belonging of an individual does affect his mobility and his road accidents? Why disadvantages groups would they have more road traffic accidents than more advantages groups ? These questions were the starting point of our research. By choosing to focus on the case of teenagers, our problem cannot be restricted to social and territorial inequalities. It now also takes into account the specificities of adolescence as a period during which the aspiration for autonomy is strong, the risk taking recurrent, and the peers’ influence significant. We conducted our research with teenagers from six Rhone “colleges” with contrasting profiles (public/private, urban area/suburban/rural). More than 1000 teenagers participated in a questionnaire survey and about 200 of them participated in focus-groups.By combining quantitative method with qualitative method we show that teenagers’ mobility and road accident are not reducible to their social and territorial belonging. The thesis we defend is the following: “in terms of mobility and road safety, social and territorial inequalities and disparities can be doubled, even erased by the effect of the age group and by the decision making autonomy of the teenager”. Beyond the inequalities of motorization according to the social and territorial situation, the road behaviors are less linked to socio-territorial belonging to the will of the teenager to make its behavior reasonable under the circumstances of the journey. Underprivileged backgrounds certainly contain the highest proportions of adolescents with risky road behaviors but when teens are with their peers, everyone – regardless of their social belonging – more adopt behaviors contrary to the official road safety standards. Among teenagers, the social and territorial belonging does not influence the risk of road accident : it is primarily the use of motorized two-wheelers and the experience of drunkenness that increase the risk of accident.

En Europe, la France a le plus haut niveau de consommation de cannabis. En 2014, près d’un quartdes jeunes français de 15 à 25 ans étaient consommateurs mensuels. Fumer du cannabis engendre desconséquences somatiques, psychiatriques et sociales, ainsi qu’un sur-risque d’accident mortel aprèsavoir consommé. Les effets de la consommation durant l’adolescence sont responsables de microlésionscérébrales souvent irréversibles. La lutte contre la consommation de cannabis est un enjeu de santépublic majeur pour de nombreux pays. En France, 80% des jeunes de 15-25 ans ont consulté un médecingénéraliste dans l’année écoulée, ce qui en fait un interlocuteur privilégié pour le repérage précoce de laconsommation de cannabis. Pourtant, peu de médecins généralistes interrogent leurs patients sur leurconsommation. L’Intervention Brève est une technique d’entretien motivationnel, centrée sur le patientet ayant pour objectif un changement de comportement. Des études ont montré l'acceptabilité et lafaisabilité de cette technique auprès des consommateurs. Le médecin généraliste pourrait donc utilisercette technique pour repérer et prendre en charge les jeunes consommateurs.Nous avons réalisé 2 études qualitatives, l’une par entretiens individuels auprès de jeunesconsommateurs, l’autre par focus group auprès de MG, afin de mieux comprendre leur relation et dansle but d’améliorer leur communication. L’étude qualitative auprès des adolescents soulignaitl’ambivalence propre à cette période et à la consommation d’une substance. Ils percevaient le MGcomme juge et possible délateur, mais également comme une autorité bienveillante et l’interlocuteurprivilégié pour parler de leur consommation. Le manque de temps et de connaissances du MG étaientperçus comme des obstacles au dialogue, connaître le MG depuis longtemps était un facilitateur.L’étude auprès des MG révélait également une ambivalence : conscients des dangers du cannabis, ilsconcevaient pourtant sa consommation comme du domaine de la vie privé des consommateurs. Ils ontrapporté un manque de connaissances et de temps pour aborder le sujet. Connaître le patient depuislongtemps était un frein à la relation.Nous avons ensuite réalisé un essai contrôlé randomisé en cluster afin d’évaluer l’effet à 12 mois dela réalisation d’une intervention brève par des médecins préalablement formés auprès d’adolescentsconsommateurs de cannabis de 15 à 25 ans. Après 1 an, la consommation des patients du groupeintervention (GI) est passée de 30 [6-80] à 17.5 (2–60) et celle du groupe témoin (GT) de 20 [5-40] à 17.5(4–40). L’étude n’a pas montré de résultats statistiquement significatifs entre les deux groupes à 1 an : p= 0.13. Cependant, l’étude a montré une diminution significative du nombre de joints fumés dans le GI(p = 0.02), ce qui n’est pas le cas dans le GT (p=0,29). A 1 an également, les consommateurs nonquotidiens fumaient moins dans le GI (GI = 3 [0–15] versus GC =10 [3–30] joints par mois ; p = 0.01). Au6ème mois, l’étude a montré une différence significative en analyse multivariée entre les niveaux deconsommation pour les moins de 18 ans (GI = 12.5 [1–30] versus GC = 20 [12–60], p = 0.04).Ces résultats sont de nature à encourager les médecins généralistes à repérer précocement leursjeunes patients consommateurs de cannabis et à réaliser une intervention brève. La posture d’expert desanté, distancié des représentations personnelles et de citoyen, lui permet d’être univoque dans sonmessage et sa prise en charge, tout en usant d’empathie qui permet une alliance thérapeutique avec lejeune consommateur. La recherche clinique sur le cannabis est délicate en raison de l’aspect illégal de sa consommation et interroge sur la recherche sur les substances illicites en général. Les dangers du cannabis sont tels, qu’ilfaut continuer à encourager l’émergence de travaux sur cette thématique pour comprendre lescomportements des consommateurs et optimiser leur prise en charge / A major public health issue in many countries, the consumption of cannabis is higher in France thananywhere else in Europe. In 2014, nearly a quarter of French youths aged 15 to 25 were monthlyconsumers. Smoking cannabis has somatic, psychiatric and social consequences, and there is a high riskof a fatal accident during or after consumption. Consumption is responsible for cerebral micro-lesions inadolescents in particular, the effects of which are often irreversible. In France, 80% of young peopleaged 15-25 consult a general practitioner (GP) in a typical year, making these professionals ideallyplaced to detect and advise on cannabis use early on. Few general practitioners question their patientsabout their intake, however. Brief Intervention (BI) is a motivational, patient-centered interviewtechnique designed to change behavior, and studies have shown its acceptability and feasibility forusers, including younger consumers’. GPs could make use of it to identify and treat cannabis users.Two qualitative studies were carried out, one using individual interviews with young users, the otherby focus group with the GP, in order to better understand the relationship and to improvecommunication between them. The qualitative study among adolescents highlighted the ambivalencepeculiar to this age group and to substance use in particular. They perceived the GP to be a judge and apossible informer, but also a benevolent authority and a privileged interlocutor in discussions aboutdrug use. A lack of time, and poor knowledge of the GP were perceived to be obstacles to dialogue, butknowing the MG for a long time made matters easier. Studying GPs also revealed an ambivalence:conscious of the dangers of cannabis, they nevertheless conceived its consumption to be a feature ofthe private lives of consumers. They also reported a lack of knowledge and time to address the topic.Knowing the patient for a long time was a brake to the drug dialogue.Based on the data obtained from the study, we developed a one-day training seminar for GPs. Theobjectives were to remove barriers to communication, to refresh doctors on current knowledge aboutcannabis, and to train them in brief intervention.A randomized controlled cluster trial were performed to evaluate the 12-month effects of briefintervention by the GP who had previously been trained among adolescents between 15 and 25 years ofage who used cannabis. After 1 year, cannabis use in the intervention group (IG) decreased from 30 [6-80] to 17.5 [2-60] and that in the control group (CG) decreased from 20 [5-40] to 17.5 [4-40]. The studydid not show any statistically significant results between the two groups after 1 year: p = 0.13. However,it did show a significant decrease in the number of joints smoked in the IG (p = 0.02), which was not thecase for the CG (p = 0.29). Also after 1 year, non-daily consumers smoked fewer joints per month in theIG (IG = 3 [0-15] versus CG = 10 [3-30], p = 0.01). In the 6th month, the study revealed a significantdifference in the multivariate analysis between consumption levels for those under 18 (IG = 12.5 [1-30]versus CG = 20 [12-60], p = 0.04).This study has also allowed an understanding of the complexity of the approach to the cannabisuse in primary care. The structuring of research on primary care is complex and requires methodologicalreflection that is essential for all future projects. Clinical research on cannabis is a delicate matterbecause of the illegality of its use and more general questions of research on illegal substances. Thedangers of cannabis are such that it is necessary to continue to encourage further work on this topic inorder to understand the behaviors of consumers and improve care regimes.

Please read the abstract in the section 07 summury of this document Copyright / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

In this investigation an attempt was firstly made to define, describe and explicate the phenomenon of substance abuse among the youth, providing a basis for understanding the multidimensional nature of adolescent substance abuse, in terms of its etiology and consequences. Secondly, the development, risk and consequences of adolescent substance use and abuse were investigated after which different components of substance abuse prevention among adolescents was studied. Hereafter, the researcher presented a self-developed substance abuse prevention programme for early adolescents in KwaZulu Natal (i.e. Project Skills Development) followed by all the empirical research findings, a general summary, conclusions and recommendations. Two research questions as well as a hypothesis and three sub-hypotheses were formulated for the study. The research questions included: (a) what is the nature and prevalence of substance abuse among early adolescents in KwaZulu Natal? and (b) what is the state of existing substance abuse prevention programmes for early adolescents in KwaZulu Natal? Accordingly, the hypothesis of the study read: If early adolescents undergo a school based substance abuse prevention programme then their attitudes, knowledge and skills towards substance abuse will be influenced in a positive way. From this, three sub-hypotheses was worded: (a) If early adolescents undergo a school based substance abuse prevention programme then their attitudes towards substances and substance users, will be influenced in a positive way, (b) if early adolescents undergo a school based substance abuse prevention programme then their substance specific knowledge will increase, and (c) if early adolescents undergo a school based substance abuse prevention programme then their personal and social skills will be enhanced. The selected research approach for the study was the combined quantitative-qualitative approach and the type of research, identified as Intervention Design and Development. An exploratory and descriptive research design were selected to reach the first three objectives of the study, namely: (a) To conduct the investigation within a theoretically founded reference frame by undertaking a relevant literature study of the phenomenon of substance abuse, substance abuse among early adolescents and substance abuse prevention among the youth. (p> (b) To identify the nature and prevalence of substance abuse as a problematic human condition among early adolescents in KwaZulu Natal. (c) To undertake a critical review of the state of existing substance abuse prevention programmes for early adolescents in KwaZulu Natal. The researcher also applied the comparison group pretest-posttest design (i.e. a quasi-experimental/associative design) with respondents to reach the last three objectives of the study, namely: (a) To develop a substance abuse prevention programme among early adolescents in KwaZulu Natal. (b) To implement the substance abuse prevention programme among early adolescents in KwaZulu Natal. (c) To evaluate the substance abuse prevention programme among early adolescents in KwaZulu Natal with a view to recommend further utilisation in practice. Empirical research findings based on the nature and prevalence of substance abuse among early adolescents in KwaZulu Natal confirmed that alcohol was still the most popular legal drug among the youth in KwaZulu Natal with cannabis the most popular illegal substance. Herewith, empirical findings based on the review of the state of existing substance abuse prevention programmes for early adolescents in KwaZulu Natal suggested that two substance abuse prevention programmes, namely Life orientation (Curriculum 2005) and Teenagers Against Drug Abuse (TADA) programme from SANCA seem to be more effective on preventing adolescent substance abuse than the DAP (Drug Abuse Prevention programme) of the Department of Social Welfare and Population Development or Community Education programme by the South African Narcotics Bureau (SANAB). Other Social Welfare Non-Governmental Organisations in KwaZulu Natal (e.g. Durban Children Society, “Natal Christelike Vroue Vereniging” and “Christelik-Maatskaplike Diens”) do not render any substance abuse prevention services to the youth as this is seen as a core function of SANCA. The evaluation of the self developed substance abuse prevention programme for early adolescents in KwaZulu Natal, i.e. Project Skills Development was done by means of a self-constructed group-administered questionnaire in the pre-test i.e. before implementation of Project Skills Development, and post-test with both the experimental (25 respondents) and comparison group (25 respondents). The sample thus included a total of 50 early adolescents and the empirical data was collected to include 2 measurements, once before and once after the intervention (Project Skills Development). Empirical findings confirmed that there was a statistical significant difference in the experimental groups (a) attitudes to drugs and drug users, and (b) drug knowledge, with a 95% chance that the results were due to Project Skills Development and not to chance. There is not a statistical significant difference in the experimental groups’ personal and social skills after exposure to Project Skills Development even though a positive movement (i.e. in the development of assertiveness skills) did occur among the respondents. The 1st two of the three sub-hypotheses is thus confirmed with a positive movement identified in the 3rd hypothesis. / Thesis (DPhil (Social Work))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

Les méthodes qualitatives visent à décrire, comprendre et approfondir un phénomène observé. Elles sont encore peu développées dans la recherche en psychiatrie de l’adolescent. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont à la fois méthodologiques et thérapeutiques. Il s'agit d'illustrer à partir de trois études qualitatives l'intérêt des méthodes qualitatives dans la recherche clinique sur les soins en psychiatrie de l'adolescent. Ces études ont en commun d'explorer la question des soins et en particulier celle de la perception des soins en psychiatrie de l'adolescent par les adolescents, leurs familles et leurs soignants, et de croiser ces perspectives. La première étude consiste en une métasynthèse -revue systématique et analyse de la littérature qualitative concernant l'anorexie mentale à l'adolescence. La deuxième étude se focalise sur l'utilisation de l'outil photographique et de son efficacité dans la recherche qualitative en psychiatrie de l'adolescent. Il s'agit d'une étude qualitative explorant le fonctionnement et les interactions familiales autour de la nourriture et du repas à l’aide de la photographie. Enfin la troisième recherche qualitative explore l'efficacité perçue des soins chez des adolescents suivis en psychiatrie dans le cadre d'un refus scolaire anxieux et chez leurs parents. Ces trois études nous permettent de discuter l’intérêt des méthodes qualitatives dans la recherche sur les soins en psychiatrie de l’adolescent et également la nécessité du développement de ces méthodes dans la recherche clinique en santé publique. / Qualitative methods aim to describe, understand and deepen an observed phenomenon. Our objectives are both methodological and therapeutic. We illustrate the contribution of qualitative methods in research from three qualitative studies. These studies will jointly explore the issue of care and especially the perception of psychiatric care from adolescents, their families and caregivers. The first study is a metasynthesis - systematic review and analysis of qualitative literature- on anorexia nervosa in adolescence. The second study will focus on the use of the photographic tool and its effectiveness in qualitative research in adolescent psychiatry. This qualitative study will explore the functioning and family interactions around food and meals using Photo-elicitation. Finally, the third qualitative research will explore the perceived efficacy of care among adolescents receiving a treatment for school refusal, and their parents. These three studies enable us to discuss the contribution of qualitative methods in adolescent psychiatry care research and also the need of developing such methods in the field of clinical research in public health.