Esta tese visa analisar a constituição, o funcionamento e os limites da Avaliação por Pares (AP) no âmbito do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). A pesquisa operou por dois caminhos distintos: um diacrônico e outro sincrônico. No primeiro, elaborou-se uma reconstrução histórica da AP praticada no CNPq entre 1951 e 2015 contextualizada pelas mudanças institucionais a que passou o órgão durante o citado período. O segundo caminho centrou-se na análise de dois estudos de caso que redundaram na elaboração de perfis dos Bolsistas de Produtividade em Pesquisa de Filosofia e Educação com bolsas vigentes no ano de 2016. Do um ponto de vista teórico, os resultados alcançados foram interpretados segundo as noções de Campo Científico de Pierre Bourdieu e Reconhecimento de Axel Honneth. Quanto à história da AP no CNPq constatou-se uma ligação entre o crescimento na quantidade de bolsas implementadas pelo órgão e uma maior formalização legal e institucional da AP, especialmente a partir da década de 1970. O próprio crescimento da comunidade científica brasileira possibilitou uma transição de procedimentos pessoais e informais de AP para um rígido, formal e impessoal circuito de imposições legais quanto a AP praticada no órgão. Quanto aos dois estudos de caso constatou-se que apesar de todas as restrições formais que atualmente regulam a AP no Conselho, especificidades históricas, geográficas, econômicas e relativas a gênero acabam por influir nos resultados dos processos de AP. Com base na pesquisa realizada, verificou-se a necessidade em se instituir uma maior transparência nos processos de AP no órgão de modo a se coadunar um aperfeiçoamento da própria prática da AP assim como um controle social da destinação dos recursos públicos mais democrático e acessível a sociedade civil. / This theses analyzes the institution, the mechanisms and the limits of peer review (PR) in Brazil’s National Council for Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq). Research was conducted at both diachronic and synchronic levels. At the diachronic level, I accomplished a historical reconstruction of PR practices in CNPq from 1975 to 2015, linking this reconstruction to the institutional changes undergone by the Council during this period. At the synchronic level, I focused on two case studies, which allowed me to outline the profile of researchers in Philosophy and Education with productivity grants (in 2016). Research findings were interpreted with the help of Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of Scientific Field and Axel Honneth’s idea of Recognition. As for the history of PR in CNPq, research results established a correlation between the increase in grants funded and the legal and institutional formalization of PR, particularly since the 1970s. The growth of the Brazilian scientific community entailed a shift from informal and personal PR procedures to the rigid, formal and impersonal mediating rules now in place. As for the two case studies, I found that despite all formal restrictions now governing the Council’s PR practices, historical, geographical, economical and gender based specificities still have an influence on the outcome of PR processes. Research results indicate the need for a greater transparency regarding the Council’s PR processes in order to improve practices and expand social control over allocation of public resources.

My master thesis focused on the recognized refugees integration factor using the qualitative survey. The aim of this study is to determine the rate of recognized refugees integration i.e., immigrants and recognized refugees (clients) in České Budějovice region with the cooperation of Advisory centre for refugees and migrants on behalf of diocesan charity in České Budějovice

O presente trabalho tem como área de estudo o Sistema Cantareira de abastecimento de água. Considerando a importância da gestão ambiental para este sistema e a discussão sobre a problemática relacionada aos recursos hídricos, diversas alternativas foram criadas visando incentivar e orientar o gerenciamento participativo nesta área. Tais inciativas contam com instrumentos governamentais estabelecidos pela política nacional para a proteção ambiental e gestão os recursos hídricos. Como exemplos, pode-se se citar a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, que instaurou os Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas, e o Sistema Nacional das Unidades de Conservação, que fomentou a criação dos conselhos. Em especial no Sistema Cantareira foram identificados nesta pesquisa três Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas e 5 Conselhos de Unidades de Conservação. Existe uma sobreposição destes Organismos Consultivos/Gestores na área de estudo deste trabalho. Diante desta realidade apresenta-se a governança e o diálogo de saberes como meios para a gestão no Sistema Cantareira possa ser mais articulada. A governança propõe que novos caminhos teóricos e práticos sejam apresentados e adotados visando estabelecer uma relação alternativa entre o nível governamental e a sociedade civil, o que diante de realidade do Sistema Canteira é importante e necessário. Neste contexto diversos atores com conhecimentos e experiências diversificadas precisam estar envolvidos, e o diálogo de saberes torna-se uma via para que estes conhecimentos dialoguem entre si e sejam confrontados estabelecendo o interconhecimento. Buscando verificar a existência da governança e do diálogo de saberes no Sistema Cantareira adotou-se como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa realizada em três fases: exploratória que neste trabalho envolveu a pesquisa bibliográfica e a aplicação questionários com perguntas abertas para os representantes de todos os Organismos Consultivos/Gestores presentes no Sistema Cantareira, participaram deste levantamento 79 representantes; a fase do trabalho de campo na qual foram realizadas 18 entrevistas com representantes do Conselho da APA Fernão Dias em Minas Gerais, do Conselho Unificado Gestor Unificado das APAs Piracicaba/Juqueri-Mirim Área II, Sistema Cantareira e Represa Bairro da Usina em São Paulo e do Comitê Federal de Bacias Hidrográficas dos Rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí; e por fim a fase de análise dos resultados possibilitou a apresentação de um mapa que demonstra a sobreposição das Unidades de Conservação e dos Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas no Sistema Canteira e a apresentação e sistematização dos dados obtidos das fases anteriores. Por meio dos resultados obtidos foi possível verificar a necessidade de elaboração de estratégias que ampliem a participação e a mobilização social e que trabalhem o diálogo de saberes nos processos de discussão e decisórios, visando uma articulação das propostas presentes na área de estudos. A pesquisa revelou também que existe potencial para que a governança e o diálogo de saberes aconteçam, tendo em vista a existência dos fóruns de debates existentes e de instrumentos que buscam garantir a participação de diversos atores sociais nas discussões de temáticas relacionadas ao Sistema Canteira. Por fim pode-se concluir que a governança e o diálogo de saberes são importantes elementos para a gestão ambiental e dos recursos hídricos no Sistema Cantareira. / The present work has as study area the Cantareira Water Supply System. Considering the importance of environmental management for this system and the current discussion related to water resources, various alternatives were created aiming to encourage and guide a participatory management in this area. Such initiatives are related to government apparatus established by National Policies for environmental protection and management of water resources. As examples, can be mentioned the National Water Resources Policy, which established the Watershed Committees, and the National System of Protected Areas, which fostered the creation of the councils. For the Cantareira Water Supply System were identified, in this research, three Hydrographic Basin Committees and five Conservation Areas Councils. There is thus an overlap of these Advisory/Management Committees in the study area of this research. Given this reality, this research presents the governance and the dialogue of knowledge as strategies for managing the Cantareira Water Supply System in a more articulate way. The Governance proposes that new theoretical and practical ways are presented and adopted to establish an alternative relationship between government and civil society level which considering the Cantareira Water Supply System reality is important and necessary. In this context, many actors with diverse knowledge and experiences need to be involved, and the dialogue of knowledge becomes a pathway that allows discussions, confront different knowledge\'s, establishing the inter-knowledge. Seeking to verify the existence of governance and dialogue of knowledge in the Cantareira Water Supply System, a qualitative research methodology was adopted, and conducted in three phases. An exploratory work, which involved a literature research and questionnaires, with open questions, application to representatives of all Advisory/Management Committees present in the Cantareira Water Supply System. In this phase and 79 representatives participated in this survey. The phase of fieldwork in which 18 interviews were performed with representatives of the Fernão Dias EPA Council, located in Minas Gerais State, of the Unified Council of the Piracicaba/Juqueri-Mirim area II, the Cantareira System and the Usina Neighborhood EPA\'s, all located in São Paulo State and the Federal Committee of the Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí River Basins. Finally, the stage of results analysis that allowed the presentation of a map that shows the overlap of Protected Areas and Watershed Committees in the Cantareira Water Supply System and presentation data obtained in previous stages. Through the results, it was possible to verify the necessity to develop strategies that enhance the participation and social mobilization and help to cultivate the dialogue of knowledge in discussions and decision-making processes, aiming an articulation of the current proposals to the study area. The survey also revealed that there is potential for governance and dialogue of knowledge to happen, given the existence of forums and instruments that seek to ensure the participation of different social actors in discussions of issues related to the Cantareira Water Supply System. Finally, it can be concluded that the governance and the dialogue of knowledge are important elements for Environmental Management and Water Resources Management in the Cantareira Water Supply System.

nÃo hà / Este trabalho aborda questÃes referentes à eficiÃncia do Estado do Cearà relativas ao pagamento de precatÃrio. Destaca a criaÃÃo da Assessoria e AnÃlise de CÃlculos Judiciais-AACJ e sua contribuiÃÃo à economia do Estado do Cearà no que se refere ao pagamento de demandas judiciais em face à Fazenda PÃblica. Apresenta os argumentos que ensejaram a criaÃÃo do grupo de trabalho, que posteriormente evoluiu para a referida Assessoria focando no objetivo principal: subsidiar a defesa dos Procuradores do Estado, no que concerne à elaboraÃÃo de CÃlculos para dirimir dÃvidas acerca dos valores devidos, tratando das demandas mais recorrentes quais sejam: Planos EconÃmicos, Piso Salarial, Paridade Salarial, RevisÃo de PensÃo, DesapropriaÃÃo, IndenizaÃÃo, RepetiÃÃo de IndÃbito, que inclui Extraclasse, Adicional de Imposto de Renda e CobranÃa indevida de PrevidÃncia. Este trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar a importÃncia do trabalho da AACJ para a economia no pagamento de precatÃrios, sua contribuiÃÃo na reduÃÃo de valores cobrados nos diferentes processos, identificando e quantificando estas diferenÃas favorÃveis alcanÃadas pela Assessoria de CÃlculos, propiciando ao Estado transformar despesas de pagamentos de precatÃrios em investimento. Tendo, tambÃm, por objetivo divulgar o trabalho executado, atravÃs dos resultados alcanÃados, contribuindo como elemento eficaz, assegurando uma defesa justa e trazendo resultados favorÃveis ao Estado do Cearà quando sucumbente nas aÃÃes judiciais. Analisa as decisÃes favorÃveis no perÃodo de 2007 â 2010. Considera um espaÃo amostral de 20% (vinte por cento) destes processos. A partir daÃ, utiliza mÃtodos estatÃsticos para consolidaÃÃo dos resultados e modelo economÃtrico para explicar e identificar a contribuiÃÃo dos fatores envolvidos na economia dos precatÃrios no Estado do CearÃ. / This work discusses issues related to the efficiency of the state of CearÃ, for the payment of precatory. Emphasizes the creation of the Advisory Judicial Calculations and Analysis-aacj and its contribution to the economy of Cearà State in relation to pay in lawsuits against the Exchequer. Presents the arguments that have caused the creation of the working group which later evolved into such Consulting focusing on the main goal: to subsidize the defense of the State Attorney, concerning the preparation of calculations to dispel doubts about the amounts due, dealing with demands more applicants which are: Economic Plans, Floor Wage, Salary Parity, Review Board, Expropriation, Compensation, Misuse of Repetition, which includes extracurricular, Additional Income and unwarranted collection of Social Security. This paper aims to demonstrate the important work of saving aacj for judicially, its contribution in reducing the amounts charged in different processes, identifying and quantifying these favorable differences achieved by the Office of calculations, allowing the state to turn expenses payments writ on investment. Having also aimed at publicizing the work done through the results achieved, contributing as an effective, ensuring a proper defense and bringing positive results to the State of Cearà sucumbente when the lawsuits. It analyzes the favorable decisions in the period 2007 to 2010. Considers a sample space of 20% (twenty percent) of these processes. From there, it uses statistical methods to consolidate the results and econometric model to explain and identify the contribution of the factors involved in the economy writ of the state of Ceara.

La certification volontaire offre aux consommateurs des informations détaillées sur le processus de production et/ou de fabrication des produits. Les organisations paysannes jouent un rôle important dans la gestion de certification et de l'accès des petits agriculteurs aux marchés certifiés. Les organisations de producteurs du Costa Rica ont historiquement joué un rôle important dans la participation des petits producteurs aux filières certifiées et leur motivation à accéder aux marchés certifiés. Les organisations paysannes jouent un rôle important dans la gestion de certification et de l'accès des petits agriculteurs aux marchés certifiés. Pour ces raisons, le Costa Rica offre un environnement intéressant pour étudier la façon dont les organisations de producteurs de café arrivent à gérer la certification de leurs membres.Cette recherche se concentre uniquement sur les coopératives et les consortiums de coopératives puisqu’elles sont importantes dans le processus de certification. Considérant le manque de connaissances sur le rôle des coopératives et de la certification volontaire du café, cette thèse traite les questions suivantes: Quel est le rôle des coopératives dans la gestion des certifications volontaires ? Quels sont les changements induits par la certification, au niveau des coopératives et des exploitations ?, Quels aspects sociaux uniques propres au Costa Rica influencent la gestion et l'efficacité de la certification?Les administrateurs de vingt des vingt-deux coopératives de café au Costa Rica ont été enquêtés. Quatre coopératives ont ensuite été sélectionnées pour les études de cas approfondies.Bien que les certifications soient souvent critiqués de ne pas provoquer d‘amélioration au niveau de l'exploitation en raison de la sélection des exploitations conformées uniquement, le facteur qui encourage les coopératives à choisir la certification individuelle est la structure des certifications, y compris la faible demande de café certifié, les incitations faible et variables des prix, les coûts élevés de l'audit et des exigences élevées en gestion et en formation. Au Costa Rica, la certification de café volontaire fournissent des avantages réels, bien que minimes aux coopératives ainsi qu’à leurs membres. Les coopératives prennent des décisions sur la gestion des certifications en fonction de leurs stratégies commerciales, du type de café qu'elles produisent et de leur dotation en capital social, cette qui se manifeste comme une solidarité de groupe ou une approche commerciale. La certification incite à une approche plus holistique de la production de café en nécessitant plus de formations et de services liés à la production durable. Elle encourage les coopératives à collaborer avec d'autres parties prenantes, en augmentant leur connectivité et leur capital social. Cela donne aux membres un accès à de nouvelles connaissances et services, ce qui peut potentiellement créer un cercle vertueux de production de capital social.La certification peut cependant encourager les coopératives à offrir des services supplémentaires ou des incitations financières à une partie de leurs membres seulement. Un niveau élevé de capital social est nécessaire au niveau administratif pour assurer une répartition équitable des avantages de la certification tout en offrant des incitations aux membres à poursuivre la certification. / Voluntary certifications offer consumers information on the process in which products are produced. Farmers’ organizations play an important role in the management of certifications and in small-farmer access to certified markets. Costa Rican farmers’ organizations have a long history of participation in the certified value chain and in fomenting small farmers’ access to certified markets. Farmers’ organizations also make strategic decisions related to the organization’s participation in the certified value chain and how farmers are supported and incentivized to join.For these reasons Costa Rica provides an interesting milieu to study how farmers’ organizations manage certifications. Because of their importance in the certification process in Costa Rica, this research focuses on cooperatives and consortia of cooperatives. Considering the gap in knowledge regarding the role of cooperatives and voluntary coffee certifications, this thesis presents the following questions: What is the role of cooperatives in the management of voluntary coffee certifications?, What are the advantages and disadvantages of participation in voluntary certifications for cooperatives?, What changes do certifications induce at the cooperative and farm levels?, What social aspects in Costa Rica influence the management and effectiveness of certifications? Administrators from twenty of the twenty-two coffee cooperatives in Costa Rica were interviewed to obtain basic data on harvest size, membership and management and participation in certifications. Four cooperatives were selected for in-depth case studies.Certifications are often criticized for not eliciting widespread change at the farm level due to the selection of compliant farms, but it is the structure of the certifications, including low demand, weak and variable price incentives, high costs of auditing and high requirements for management and training, which incentivize cooperatives to choose individual certifications.In Costa Rica, voluntary coffee certifications promote small but real benefits to cooperatives and their members. Cooperatives make decisions about the management of certifications based on their business strategies, the type of coffee they produce and the social capital inherent in the cooperative, which is manifested as a group solidarity approach or a commercial approach.Certifications incite a more holistic approach to coffee production by requiring training and services related to sustainable production. Certifications encourage cooperatives to collaborate with other stakeholders, increasing their connectedness and organizational social capital. This gives members access to new knowledge and services and has the potential to create a virtuous cycle of the production of social capital.Certifications, however, may induce cooperatives to offer additional services or financial incentives to some members and not to others. A high level of social capital is needed at the administrative level to ensure an equitable distribution of the benefits of certifications while still offering members incentives to pursue certifications.

The South African local sphere of government has been mandated to provide a developmental and accountable local government and to ensure provision of services to communities in a sustainable manner. As a key developmental agent, local government is obliged by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996 to develop a culture of municipal governance that encourage and create conditions for the local community to participate in the affairs of the municipality. In this regard, ward committees have been introduced to municipalities as community structures to play a critical role in linking and informing the municipalities about the needs, aspirations and problems of their communities. In adherence to national legislation, such as the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act 117 (Act117 of 1998) and the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act 2000 (Act 32 of 2000) Nkonkobe Local Municipality established advisory structures in the form of ward committees throughout its area of jurisdiction to advise the municipal council on any matter within the council’s competence. As a representative structure of the community the ward committee is expected to serve as a link between the council and the community and for this purpose articulates community needs and aspirations to better the living standards of the community. Despite the stated objectives of ward committees, the Middledrift area has been identified by Nkonkobe Local Municipality IDP: 2007-2012 as the poorest area in Nkonkobe municipality with backlogs in infrastructure and service delivery. This study evaluates the extent at which the Middledrift ward committee (Ward 16) is enhancing service delivery in its area of jurisdiction.

Esta tese visa analisar a constituição, o funcionamento e os limites da Avaliação por Pares (AP) no âmbito do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). A pesquisa operou por dois caminhos distintos: um diacrônico e outro sincrônico. No primeiro, elaborou-se uma reconstrução histórica da AP praticada no CNPq entre 1951 e 2015 contextualizada pelas mudanças institucionais a que passou o órgão durante o citado período. O segundo caminho centrou-se na análise de dois estudos de caso que redundaram na elaboração de perfis dos Bolsistas de Produtividade em Pesquisa de Filosofia e Educação com bolsas vigentes no ano de 2016. Do um ponto de vista teórico, os resultados alcançados foram interpretados segundo as noções de Campo Científico de Pierre Bourdieu e Reconhecimento de Axel Honneth. Quanto à história da AP no CNPq constatou-se uma ligação entre o crescimento na quantidade de bolsas implementadas pelo órgão e uma maior formalização legal e institucional da AP, especialmente a partir da década de 1970. O próprio crescimento da comunidade científica brasileira possibilitou uma transição de procedimentos pessoais e informais de AP para um rígido, formal e impessoal circuito de imposições legais quanto a AP praticada no órgão. Quanto aos dois estudos de caso constatou-se que apesar de todas as restrições formais que atualmente regulam a AP no Conselho, especificidades históricas, geográficas, econômicas e relativas a gênero acabam por influir nos resultados dos processos de AP. Com base na pesquisa realizada, verificou-se a necessidade em se instituir uma maior transparência nos processos de AP no órgão de modo a se coadunar um aperfeiçoamento da própria prática da AP assim como um controle social da destinação dos recursos públicos mais democrático e acessível a sociedade civil. / This theses analyzes the institution, the mechanisms and the limits of peer review (PR) in Brazil’s National Council for Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq). Research was conducted at both diachronic and synchronic levels. At the diachronic level, I accomplished a historical reconstruction of PR practices in CNPq from 1975 to 2015, linking this reconstruction to the institutional changes undergone by the Council during this period. At the synchronic level, I focused on two case studies, which allowed me to outline the profile of researchers in Philosophy and Education with productivity grants (in 2016). Research findings were interpreted with the help of Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of Scientific Field and Axel Honneth’s idea of Recognition. As for the history of PR in CNPq, research results established a correlation between the increase in grants funded and the legal and institutional formalization of PR, particularly since the 1970s. The growth of the Brazilian scientific community entailed a shift from informal and personal PR procedures to the rigid, formal and impersonal mediating rules now in place. As for the two case studies, I found that despite all formal restrictions now governing the Council’s PR practices, historical, geographical, economical and gender based specificities still have an influence on the outcome of PR processes. Research results indicate the need for a greater transparency regarding the Council’s PR processes in order to improve practices and expand social control over allocation of public resources.

Orientador: Maria Antonia Ramos de Azevedo / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objeto de pesquisa a Assessoria Pedagógica Universitária, em contextos de inovação curricular, considerando que esta inovação atinge o ensino superior carregada de pilares pedagógicos que impactam a docência. Nessa condição, a questão do assessoramento pedagógico emerge como importante função que intenciona a construção de saberes docentes, em espaços coletivos, permanentes e institucionalizados de formação. Logo, os contextos de inovação curricular que definem o recorte deste trabalho revelam-se como elementos intransponíveis à pesquisa, referindo-se ao Processo de Bolonha, focalizando Portugal, e à Universidade Nova, focalizando o Brasil. Neste cenário, a pergunta que orientou a pesquisa foi: Que Assessoria Pedagógica Universitária tem sido construída e como se estrutura seu trabalho em contexto de inovação curricular? Objetivamos identificar seu papel nos contextos ora delimitados e compreender como têm se autoformado para dar conta das exigências que lhe recaem, no que diz respeito à consolidação de modelos curriculares inovadores. Buscando o objetivo, definimos o método que denominamos Mapeamento com Estudo Focalizado, sob abordagem qualitativa. O Mapeamento visa descrever amplamente os dados referentes ao objeto, proporcionando visão panorâmica, descritiva e contextual, enquanto que o Estudo Focalizado busca os significados que os sujeitos atribuem ao objeto, em uma dimensão interpretativa. A análise dos dados se deu por unidades, que visam uma co... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work has as object of research the University Pedagogical Advisory in curricular innovation contexts, considering that this innovation reaches higher education loaded with pedagogical pillars that impact the teaching. In this condition, pedagogical advice emerges as an important function, intending to build teaching knowledge in collective, permanent and institutionalized spaces of formation. Therefore, the contexts of curricular innovation defining the outline of this work are revealed as insurmountable elements to the research, referring to the Bologna Process focusing on Portugal, and to Universidade Nova focusing on Brazil. In this scenario, the question that guided this research was: Which University Pedagogical Advisory has been built and how is its work structured in the context of curricular innovation? We aim to identify its role in the delimited contexts and understand how they have been self-trained to manage the demands placed upon them, regarding the consolidation of innovative curricular models. Pursuing the objective, we defined a method we called Mapping with Focused Study, under qualitative approach. The Mapping aims to broadly describe data related to the object, providing a panoramic, descriptive and contextual view, while the Focused Study seeks the meanings attributed to the object by the subjects, in an interpretative dimension. Data analysis was performed by units, aimed at an integrated construction of knowledge about the object, observed in both ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

There is ample debate around the conceptualizations of rural development as well as its implementation and impacts. Contemporary understandings underline the importance of social movements in social change, which has become a fundamental part of development. The Rural Development Tuki Association (RDTA) is such a social movement from Dolakha district in Nepal that originated within a Swiss-funded development project in the 1970s. The organization was a prime actor in social change and influenced the development of the villages in their district. There is a lack of applied research focusing on the history, evolution and context of social movements.The junction between social movement studies and organizational theory originated the theory of ‘strategic action fields’ that is used to analyze and understand the dynamics that underlie the emergence, stabilization and contestation of movements and organizations. The findings that are to inform this framework were collected during a field visit to Dolakha district through six informal gatekeeper-selected interviews and the analysis of documents provided by the organization itself. All this data was analyzed through content analysis and complemented by an extensive literature review on rural development, rural advisory services and Nepal’s political history to better understand the wider context within which the actions retold by members or related individuals took place.The RDTA originated as a novel approach to delivery of rural development services to village communities aiming to increase their self-reliance and agency in development. The ‘Tuki’ were selected members of village communities that received training and were then to share the newly acquired expertise with their peers like an expert-farmer or farmer-to-farmer extension system would. At first the villages struggled to accept the new authority and governance at the time made it impossible for the Tuki to formally organize. There was considerable conflict between Panchayat officials and Tuki members. Towards the end of the Panchayat the Tuki became respected members of village communities and started to increase their influence on local politics as well as widen their network within the district. This enabled the organization to claim and maintain a dominant position within rural development in Dolakha from its official registration in 1991 until the end of the direct financial support from the Swiss Agency of Development and Cooperation (SDC) in 2004. The support from Switzerland had significantly influenced the Tuki’s focus, ideals and organizational structure and the work done by SDC was a progressive reflection of the rural development discourse that was predominant at the time. The organization was able to stabilize after its funding crisis around 2004 but was never able to return to previous stability and activity. The ability to identify community needs, create collective identities and mobilize individuals to engage in action frames that aim for the common good where the main forms of social skill that enabled the RDTA to reach the network and impact it did and maintain its activity throughout different political scenarios that threatened the organizations ability to continue its action. The RDTA is facing challenges of identity, funding and staff-turnover and will need to reengage in debates around its focus and organizational structure if it is to continue its legacy in Dolakha.Social movements and civil society actors played a crucial role in the development of Nepal’s rural areas and its evolution towards a democratic, egalitarian and inclusive society. More research is needed to better understand the impact the RDTA has had on village life and how national and international discourses on rural development have informed and influenced their activities and frameworks. The theory of ‘strategic action fields’ provided an excellent framework that was crucial at analyzing the dynamics that govern the emergence, stabilization and contestation of strategic action and its broader environment.

No description available.