As cities have become increasingly motivated to be more sustainable, transport cycling has become integral in these plans. Boston is one such city enthusiastic about bicycle transportation. I take a socio-discursive approach to an investigation of transport cycling integration in Boston, MA. First, I explore the historical processes leading to the appearance of bike lanes on U.S. city streets. Next, I investigate how bike lanes are entwined in cycling safety—both in the discursive and embodied dimensions. What begins as a concern of the physical body leads to ideals of legitimacy and inclusivity, of which the bike lane has become a key symbol and act of these imaginings. Third, I tease out how this logic of cycling safety qua inclusivity becomes one that employs a rightsbased notion of social justice in which legitimacy, and ultimately safety, is garnered through becoming intelligible, or visible, as cycling subjects. Finally, I depart from a liberal democratic notion of social justice and make a case for understanding how bike lanes work through the lens of what Foucault terms “security.” I explore how we can view bikeways discourse as a technology of power that can be mobilized to transform social interaction in the city.

Inledning: Trauma påverkar drömmar och dess bearbetningsförmåga av innehåll. En viktig punkt är att etiologin av PTSD anses vara en traumatisk upplevelse som kan leda till återkommande mardrömmar. Idag finns det många personer i samhället som lider av trauma och traumarelaterade problem vilket gör att utveckling av traumateorin får en central betydelse för att erbjuda bra behandlingsmetoder. Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om hur traumatiska upplevelser bearbetas i drömmarna med fokus på affekter och interaktioner med andra människor som kan leda till vidareutveckling av psykodynamisk traumateori. Frågeställningar:  Vad finns det för skillnader i drömmarna mellan grupperna i avseende på affekter?  Vilka centrala teman förekommer i båda gruppernas drömmar och hur ser det ut i jämförelse mellan grupperna? Metod: Den metod som använts är en kombinerad kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats där 60 drömmar från tidigare krigsveteraner studeras och jämförs i två grupper. Resultat: Studiens resultat visar traumats negativa effekter på affektregleringsförmåga och relationer. Det lyfter också fram drömmens betydelse som en ingång till det psykiska livet för att få inblick i hur traumatiska händelser och affekter hanteras, samt drömmandets funktion i affektreglering som är en viktig bearbetande faktor för trauma. Diskussion: Studiens resultat är i många avseenden i linje med tidigare forskning och teoribildning, men särskilt två aspekter av resultatet förtjänar att lyftas fram: Drömmen som en scen för det psykiska livet: 1. hur traumatiska händelser och affekter hanteras; 2. vilka faktorer kan tänkas vara bearbetande för trauma. / Introduction: Trauma affects dreams and its processing skills of content. An important point is that the etiology of PTSD is considered to be a traumatic experience that can lead to recurrent nightmares. Today there are many people in the community who suffer from trauma and trauma-related problems making the development of trauma theory be of central importance for providing good treatment. The aim of this study is to contribute knowledge about how traumatic experiences are processed in dreams with a focus on affects and interactions with other people that can lead to further development of psychodynamic trauma theory. Research questions:  What are the differencesindreamsbetween thegroupsin terms of emotions ?  What are thekey themespresent inboth groupsdreams andhowdoes it lookincomparisonbetween the groups? Method: The used method is a combined quantitative and qualitative approach where 60 dreams from former war veterans studied and compared in two groups. Results: Results of the study demonstrate traumas negative effects on affect regulation skills and relationships. It also highlights both the dream's meaning as an entrance to the psychic life to gain insight into how traumatic events and affects handled, and the function of dreaming in affect regulation as an important processing factor for trauma. Discussion: The study results are in many aspects in line with previous research and theory, but in particular, two aspects of the results deserve to be highlighted: The dream as an entrance for the psychic life: 1. how traumatic events and affects handled; 2. Which factors could be of importance in the processing of trauma.

What can the affect of black rage do in a era of impossibility marked by the circulation of neoliberal post-race post-feminist themes? I argue that black rage is a key weapon in the fight against our impossible era—black rage operates through an affective bursting apart, disrupting circulating narratives connected to a post racial, post feminist world and charting a new path of social unrest that has the potential to transform the social order. I locate political uses of black rage through two case studies: CeCe McDonald, a black Trans* woman who was brutally attacked by a group of transphobic and white supremacist in summer of 2012. And in the Justice for Trayvon Martin March and Rally in Atlanta, Georgia in July of 2013. Both cases studies prove black rage can collectivize the struggles of differing people producing a feeling of possibility during our era of impossibility.

Previous research noticed a conflict between audit quality and efficiency that has been discussed when applying International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) in the audit of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). However, there is a lack of research that concerns ISAs affect on audit quality and efficiency in the same study. Hence, the following research question was formulated: How has the implementation of International Standards on Auditing in Sweden affected audit quality and efficiency in the audit of small and medium-sized enterprises? Based on the perceptions of the interviewees, the implementation of ISAs has resulted in clearer risk assessment and increased use of analytical procedures, thereby improved audit quality. Further, ISAs have increased the hours spent on internal control, which impair audit efficiency since this activity is not judged as important when gathering audit evidence. This conflict between audit quality and efficiency is mostly explained by the shall requirements of ISAs since many of these are not applicable in the audit of SMEs. Our findings indicate a need to adapt ISAs and to allow deviations from shall requirements. The outcome would be that ISAs are closer to fulfil their aim in the audit of SMEs, which is higher audit quality without the loss of efficiency.

I Sverige sker cirka 2500 transporter av nyfödda barn varje år. Socialstyrelsen publicerade i slutet av år 2013 en ny vägledning ”Vård av extremt tidigt födda barn”. Ett av de områden som har prioriterats är neonatala transporter. Betydelsen av en väl fungerande transportorganisation är nödvändig för att skapa en säker och jämlik vård för denna patientgrupp. Syftet med studien var att beskriva prematura och nyfödda barns påverkan av transport mellan sjukhus. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där 14 vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades. Fyra teman identifierades och besvarade frågeställningarna vad påverkar prematura och nyfödda barn under transport och hur påverkas de under transport, dessa var Höga ljudnivåer, Transportteamets kompetens, Uppvisar tecken på obehag samt Ökad risk för hjärnblödning. Genom att transportsjuksköterskan använder sig av NIDCAP kan påverkan på barnet minskas och transporten blir mindre stressande. Fler studier bör genomföras där fokus ligger på hur sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsåtgärder kan minska obehaget hos barnet under transport mellan sjukhus. / In Sweden, about 2.500 newborn infants are transportedeach year. In late 2013, the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare (Socialstyrelsen)published a new guide, Care for Extremely Premature Babies (Vård av extremttidigt födda barn); in which one prioritized area were neonatal transports.The importance of an efficient transport organization is essential to create asafe and equal care fore these patients. The purpose of this study was todescribe the impact on preterm and newborn infants who are transported between hospitals.The study was conducted as a review of 14 academic articles. Two questions wereasked (what affects preterm and sicknewborn infants during transportation between hospitals; how are preterm and sick infant affected during transportationbetween hospitals) across four themes (High noise levels; Transport Team´s competence;Exhibition sign of discomfort; Increased risk of cerebral haemorrhage). Whenthe transport nurse uses NIDCAP, the effect on the infant may be reduced andthe transport less stressful. More studies should be conducted with a focus onhow nursing care measures can reduce anxiety to the infant during transportbetween hospitals.

Suicide ideation is a growing phenomenon that can be observed in stressful environments such as those of a correctional official, and it is a cause for concern. Suicide ideation is seen as the first step of suicidal behaviour and refers to thoughts, cognitions and overt intent to kill oneself. The root causes for correctional officials experiencing such a severe state of hopelessness that they feel death must be the only escape, can be ascribed to different factors. The objective of this research is to establish the relationship between psychological strengths, stress and suicide ideation of employees of the Department of Correctional Services (DCS). Three concepts of psychological strength namely locus of control, sense of coherence and affect as independent variables, were compared, with suicide ideation as a dependant variable. The relationship between suicide ideation and stress as an independent variable was also established. A cross-sectional design was used. A simple random sample (n=157) was taken from correctional officers from a management area in the Freestate Province. The Work Locus of Control Scale, Orientation to Life Questionnaire, Affectometer 2, and the Adult Suicide Ideation Questionnaire were administered. In addition, the Correctional Officer Stress Inventory was developed and administered. Principal component and factor extraction with Oblique rotation, Cronbach alpha and inter-item correlation coefficients, factor analysis, a discriminant analysis and a stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Results showed that positive affect and external locus of control were associated with suicide ideation. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Detta arbete behandlar ämnet icke-diegetiska affect-ljud och dess användning inom skräckgenren. Arbetet undersöker effekterna av att undvika icke-diegetiska affect-ljud och mäter om samma grad av rädsla kan uppnås utan dem. Bakgrunden tar upp ämnet emotioner, med fokus på rädsla, samt en sammanfattning på ljudets karaktär, IEZA-modellen, begreppet immersion och ljudläggning inom skräckgenren. För att mäta den upplevda rädslan har två filmsekvenser skapats, med olika ljudläggningar. Den första sekvensen har ljudlagts med rikligt antal affect-ljud, medan den andra använder ljud från omgivningen för att skapa spänning. Undersökningen har genomförts på 12 respondenter som har fått svara på en kortare enkät följt av en semistrukturerad intervju. Analysen visade hur sekvens A påverkade respondenterna genom att skapa stress och en oförutsägbar ljudbild, medan sekvens B skapade mer rädsla genom en djupare immersion. Arbetets resultat verifierade hypotesen att det går att skapa samma grad av rädsla genom att undvika icke-diegetiska affect-ljud.

Current marketing research suggests that two separate cognitive functions, rational "brand trust" and emotional "brand affect", work independently to influence brand loyalty and in turn, consumer purchasing. Yet, this idea is at off with a growing body of neuroeconomic research, which demonstrates the role of emotion in seemingly rational decisions.Here, we examine psychological, economic, and neuroscientrific research on how, along with the stand-alone effects of brand affect, emotion may influence brand trust, illustrating how these two seemingly separate functions may work in conjunction. First, we use psychological and economic theories such as the Somatic Marker Hypothesis, Affect-as-Information Theory, and Appraisal Tendency Theory to demonstrate that emotions have a large role in decision-making. Next we describe views from behavioral economics on how human decision-makers respond to uncertainty, drawing on frameworks, such as Prospect Theory and experimental findings like the Ellsberg paradox. Experimental findings suggest that people find the unknown emotionally aversive, both for uncertainty in outcomes (risk) and the range of possible outcomes (ambiguity). Risk- and ambiguity-aversion appear to arise from separate neural systems, suggesting that brand trust can increase affect by decreasing both perceived ambiguity and risk. Finally, we examine the marketing implications of the conclusion that affect and trust are interconnected. With the new perspective gained, marketers can better understand the mutually dependent relationship of brand affect and brand trust and begin to examine ways to capitalize on the clarification.

This study investigated the relationships among attachment styles, affect regulation, and outcome in a clinical sample receiving treatment for depression. Sixty-six clients completed questionnaire measures of adult attachment, dysfunctional attitudes, interpersonal problems, self-esteem, and depression. Clients’ levels of affect regulation were assessed with an observer-rated measure of affect regulation. The study’s purpose was to extend previous research by examining the relationship between adult attachment and affect regulation within a clinical context. Results indicated significant and positive associations between clients’ attachment security and their levels of affect regulation at early and late stages of psychotherapy. Late modulation of expression and arousal were found to mediate the relationship between pre-treatment attachment insecurity and outcome. Pre-treatment attachment avoidance, characterized by high discomfort with closeness, had a direct relationship with depressive symptoms not mediated by the cognitive-affective processes of affect regulation. Implications of present findings for the treatment of depression are discussed.

A review of extant literature on positive affect suggested that it has two major dimensions: a hedonic dimension related to subjective feelings and reward processing, and a cognitive dimension related to affect-specific changes in perception and cognition. A novel dopaminergic mod el was proposed to provide a unitary account for the effects of positive affect across the two dimensions. The model hypothesized that positive affect is associated with distinct modes of mesocortical and mesolimbic dopa mine transmission, which in turn mediate unbiased, unfiltered and flexible attention. Three separate behavioral tasks on perception, attention, and reward learning were conducted. In line with the hypothesis, positive affect was found to associate with less biased bi-stable perception, faster regain of attention to previously ignored information, and fewer perseverative errors in face of changing reward contingencies.