Research has shown that desirable responding can be detrimental to social relationships, achievement and health. This study used an experimental design to (a) induce an increase in desirable responding through threat to self-image and then (b) compare the effectiveness of self-compassionate and self-affirming writing in attenuating that increase. Control groups included no threat exposure, threat exposure alone and threat exposure plus neutral writing. Desirable responding was measured along two dimensions: self-enhancement and exaggerated virtue. Results show the threat did not result in the predicted increase in desirable responding so the effectiveness of the two strategies with regards to attenuating increases in desirable responding could not be examined and compared. However, results do reveal a difference in the mechanism of these two strategies. Engaging in self-compassionate writing resulted in a significant decrease in exaggerated virtue whereas being self-affirmed resulted in a significant increase, suggesting a possible benefit of a self-compassion strategy.

In most texts about Hawaiian history, the Hawaiian Kingdom was overthrown in 1893. Hawai'i, as a result, was then governed first by a Provisional Government, then by the Republic of Hawai'i. Such texts further note that in 1898, Hawai'i was annexed to the United States and, subsequently, became the State of Hawai'i through a vote of the people in 1959. This dissertation examines Hawaiian history from a different perspective, one based on the issue of 'legality', and on documentation that surfaced in the 1990s that challenges the United States' claim to annexation of Hawai'i. The illegality of the takeover by haole businessmen, the resistance of Queen Lili'uokalani and her loyal subjects to the takeover, statements by then-President Grover Cleveland referencing the overthrow as an "Act of War," in many ways set the tone for the present-day sovereignty movement. Highlighted are some of the activities within the Hawaiian sovereignty movement during the 1990s and the first few years of this century that are turning points in the struggle for Hawaiian sovereignty. Identified spokespersons for the movement are extensively cited, as well as individuals with strong but thoughtful opinions. Many of the citations used were gathered and saved from emails or from relevant websites. Prophecy, and the acknowledgement of spirituality as a grounding force in a unified movement, is a significant element, and serves to remind activists, and especially Hawaiian activists, that the work to re-establish the nation can only succeed if it is based in Hawaiian cultural concepts that are pono (correct or in proper relationship). Maintaining 'right relationships' between the people, the heavens and the earth is necessary to successfully carry forward the reclaimed Hawaiian nation and the identity of the people as Hawaiian nationals, as the Queen directed a century ago. Most importantly, it allows those involved in the struggle to see themselves, not as victims, but as masters of their own fate.

Submitted by LEONARDO ARAUJO DE OLIVEIRA null (leovash5@gmail.com) on 2016-11-18T01:39:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto dissertação.correta.pdf: 914553 bytes, checksum: 5d74079a7d9b8d479e75e946b4784611 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-21T18:44:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_la_me_mar.pdf: 914553 bytes, checksum: 5d74079a7d9b8d479e75e946b4784611 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-21T18:44:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_la_me_mar.pdf: 914553 bytes, checksum: 5d74079a7d9b8d479e75e946b4784611 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar a relação de um tema que, em uma primeira aproximação, tem sua força em um procedimento negativo – a crítica –, com uma ideia que parece ser constituída de uma potência integralmente positiva – a afirmação da vida. Entre as obras de Nietzsche, Assim falou Zaratustra ganhará destaque. Esse texto comporta, de maneira muito marcante, as ideias de negação e de afirmação. Os significantes “não” e “sim” são recorrentes durante o texto, assim como as noções de destruição e criação, que, como veremos, estão relacionadas à negação e à afirmação. Os conceitos de vontade de poder e de eterno retorno serão ressaltados no desenvolvimento do texto, devido a sua ligação direta com o tema da afirmação da vida. Contudo, mostraremos que esses últimos também podem ser lidos como conceitos críticos. Além disso, evidenciaremos que a crítica vai além do registro negativo, bem como que a afirmação nietzschiana incorpora tipos de negação. / The present thesis has as objective to assess the relationship on a subject that, in a first glance, has its strength in a negative procedure – the criticism –, with an idea that seems to be constituted by an entirely positive potency – the affirmation of life. Among Nietzsche's works, Thus spoke Zarathustra will stand out. This text holds, in a very remarkable way, the ideas of denial and affirmation. The significants "no" and "yes" are recurrent throughout the text, as well as the notions of destruction and creation, which, as we shall see, are related to denial and affirmation. The concepts of will of power and eternal return will be emphasized during the development of the text, due to its direct connection with the affirmation of life theme. However, we will show that these latest can also be read as critical concepts. Moreover, we will show that criticism goes beyond the negative registry, and as well that the nietzschean affirmation embodies types of denial.

A limited number of studies have examined mechanisms undergirding interventions that mitigate mental health problems or health-risk behaviors that disproportionately burden sexual minorities. A recent trial of expressive writing and self-affirmation writing found that these brief interventions had salubrious effects on mental health and health-risk behaviors; the present research examines the putative mechanisms underlying these effects. Sexual minority emerging adults (N = 108) completed a brief online expressive writing, self-affirmation writing, or neutral control writing intervention and, at baseline and 3-month follow-up, completed measures of mental health, health-risk behaviors, stress, and self-regulation. Expressive writing yielded improvements in mental health and these effects were mediated by reductions in perceived stress. Self-affirmation caused improvements in health-risk behaviors, thoughneither stress nor self-regulation mediated these effects. This finding provides preliminary novel evidence regarding a mechanism underlying a widely used psychological intervention with documented mental health benefits for sexual minorities and other populations disproportionately affected by stress

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This research proposes a new construct, post-purchase anticipated regret (PPAR), to expand the existing retailing and regret theory literature streams. Specifically, the purpose of this research is to understand the antecedents and consequences of post-purchase anticipated regret in an online retailing context. Study 1 uses qualitative data drawn from depth-interviews with online shoppers to investigate the pre-purchase factors that contribute to PPAR formation. Building from these results, studies 2 and 3 empirically test an original conceptual model to holistically understand PPAR. Additionally, the role of online shopping self-affirmation and regret coping strategies are explored as means to combat PPAR formation. Managerial and theoretical implications are offered, as well as research limitations and future research directions.

No description available.

La politique extérieure du Brésil de la première décennie du XXIe siècle a contribué à une projection internationale sans précédent du pays. La diplomatie brésilienne sous l’ère Lula a fait en sorte de combiner les relations traditionnelles Nord-Sud (axe vertical) avec les relations Sud-Sud (axe horizontal), dans le but d’affirmer la position du Brésil en tant qu’acteur global. La problématique que propose d’explorer le présent travail repose sur la question centrale de la multipolarité de l’ordre mondial à travers l’exemple de la projection internationale du Brésil. Cette thèse prétend présenter les grandes lignes de la diplomatie brésilienne sous les présidences de Lula (2003-2006 et 2007-2010), combinant une présentation de ses différentes initiatives sur la scène internationale et les facteurs déterminants de son action. L’objectif consistera à démontrer comment les axes diplomatiques adoptés par Lula ont pu contribuer à transformer son pays en un acteur de premier ordre reconnu du monde multipolaire qui se profile, et à le hisser dans le débat mondialisé. / During the past decade, Brazil has enjoyed the most important unprecedented international projection in all of its history, mainly due to the proactive diplomatic efforts of the Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's administration. Brazilian foreign policy was based on the construction of brazilian leadership in South America, combining the South-North relations (vertical axis) and South-South relations (horizontal axis) in order to convert Brazil into a global player. This thesis aims to explore the central issue of multipolarity in the international system through the example of the international insertion of Brazil. In this sense, this work aims to present the brazilian diplomacy during the two “Lula” presidential terms (2003-2006 and 2007-2010), analyzing its various initiatives on the international scene and the determinants of its action. The objective is to understand, according to the realistic theory of international relations, how diplomatic axes adopted by brazilian policymakers have contributed to transform their country into a leading player in the multipolar world and global debate.

Grâce à une étude exhaustive de la notion de vie dans l'œuvre d'Arthur Schopenhauer, la thèse répond à la question de la vie et du vivre-encore. Il s'agit de montrer comment la métaphysique schopenhauerienne de la volonté explique et justifie le phénomène de la vie ainsi que celui de la persistance dans le vivre. D'emblée, la thèse propose d'établir la définition ultime et métaphysique de la vie. C'est alors que le phénomène de la vie se trouve défini de part en part comme volonté de vivre et alors, comme un phénomène qui cherche à vivre et à vivre encore. La thèse explique aussi comment les différentes approches de la vie proposées par Schopenhauer permettent de définir cette notion selon une perspective biologique, philosophique, existentielle et métaphorique, mais toujours relativement à la définition métaphysique de la vie. Une étude du sentiment de vie révèle l'épreuve de la vie comme volonté de vivre, c'est-à-dire d'une vie qui se veut toujours elle-même. C'est alors que la vie s'impose en soi comme une nécessité de vivre, mais aussi comme une nécessité de souffrir parce que vivre c'est aussi toujours souffrir. La négation de la volonté comme solution à la douleur de vivre se trouve alors critiquée et remise en cause par un examen des tensions entre le besoin d'affirmation de la volonté dans le phénomène de la vie et l'intention de négation de la volonté chez le sujet qui cherche son salut. Il apparait donc clairement qu'en ayant placé au cœur du sujet une volonté de vivre aveugle et puissante Schopenhauer a fait de la vie un phénomène quasi incorruptible : l'affirmation de la volonté s'impose comme un impératif et ainsi s'impose la vie comme nécessité de vivre. / The thesis answers the question of life and further living by means of an exhaustive study of the concept of life in Arthur Schopenhauer's work. The principal concern is to demonstrate how Schopenhauer's metaphysics explains and justifies the phenomenon of life as well as the phenomenon of the persistence into the living. From the beginning the thesis establishes the ultimate and the metaphysical definition of life. Therefore the phenomenon of life is defined throughout as Will-to-live and then, as a phenomenon that seeks for life and further living. The thesis also shows how Schopenhauer's different approaches to the concept of life allow one to define life from a biological, philosophical, existential and a metaphorical perspective, but which is always related to the metaphysical definition of life. A study of the feeling of life reveals that what is always felt is the Will-to-live i.e. a life that always wants itself. Then life imposes itself into itself as a necessity to live, but also as a necessity to suffer because living always entails suffering. The negation of the will as a solution for existential pain and suffering is therefore criticized and reconsidered by an examination of all the existing tensions between the need of the phenomenon of life to affirm the will and the intention to negate the will in the subject looking for salvation. Subsequently it appears evident that by putting a blind and powerful Will-to-live into the heart of the subject Schopenhauer has rendered life into an almost incorruptible phenomenon: the affirmation of the will imposes itself as an imperative and so life imposes itself as a necessity to live.

Ce travail de thèse vise la compréhension des processus d’auto-dépréciation et d'auto-affirmation chez les personnes obèses. 209 personnes obèses et 920 personnes normo-pondérées ont participé à ce travail composé de six expérimentations. Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes d’abord penchés sur les représentations sociales liées à l'obésité et à la personne obèse, en fonction du contact intergroupe. Ensuite, nous avons construit et validé un outil de mesure du sentiment de rejet lié au poids (sentiment de stigmatisation). Pour finir, nous avons testé les effets de l'auto-affirmation, sur des mesures d'image de soi, chez une population normo-pondérée et obèse. Dans un premier temps, il a été montré que lorsqu’il y a contact entre une personne obèse et non obèse, la représentation sociale est plus empathique, qu’en absence de contact. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons éprouvé la validité du questionnaire d’auto-stigmatisation (sensibilité, validité de contenu, fiabilité). Celui-ci permet de déterminer la fréquence de situations stigmatisantes vécues par l’individu, associée aux émotions ressenties lors de ces situations. Pour finir, nous mettons en évidence que la technique d'auto-affirmation, via le protocole de Napper, Harris et Epton, (2009), entraine des effets d’auto-centration et de comparaison sociale, susceptibles d’interférer dans le processus de valorisation de l'image de soi des personnes obèses. Ce travail permet de montrer les processus identitaires personnels et sociaux engagés dans le traitement de la question de l’image des individus obèses. Nous proposons un cadre d'analyse des processus identitaires en jeu dans le cas du sentiment de rejet lié au poids. / The aims of this thesis are to understand the processes of self-depreciation and self-affirmation in obese people. 209 obese and 920 normal-weight people took part in this six experiment thesis. We first examined social representations related to obesity and obese people, according to intergroup contact. Then we developed and validated a weight related stigma feeling questionnaire. Finally, we tested coping strategies and self-affirmation effects (ie, protocol Napper, Epton and Harris, 2009), on self-image measures, in normal-weight and obese people.Firstly, results show that when there is contact between an obese and a non-obese person, their social representation is more empathetic than without contact. Secondly, we tested the validity of the weight related stigma feeling questionnaire (sensitivity, content validity, reliability). This questionnaire determines individual stigmatizing experiences frequency associated with emotions experienced in those situations. Finally, we highlight that self-affirmation technique, through Napper, Harris and Epton's protocol (2009), causes self-centering and social comparison effects that could interfere in obese people's self-image enhancement process. Our work helps to emphasize the personal and social identity processes involved in treating obese people’s image question. We propose an analysis framework of identity processes involved in weight related rejection feeling.