This study was done to explore the organization mobilization, identity construction and local development in Meinung Anti-dam Movement. Literature review and in-depth interview were applied in this study. The former focused on social movement and collective action theory. Besides, the local elites were interviewed to find out how they united the local societies and intellectuals to convince local residents and politicians to participate in the Movement, and how they inspired Pintung LiuDui Hakka and international organizations to support the Movement. Suggestion were made according to the findings.

Yes / This paper proposes a novel method for planning active distribution networks (ADNs) with the integration of an active network management (ANM) scheme using coordinated voltage control (CVC) through on-load tap changer (OLTC) transformers. The method was formulated as a security-constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) problem to minimize total operational costs, which maximizes the utilization of renewable distributed generators (DGs) over a planning horizon. The ANM scheme was applied using OLTC to ensure safe operation and reduce voltage violations in the network. To analyse the impact of ANM, the planning problem was examined both with and without the ANM scheme. Moreover, SCOPF, considering the N-1 line contingency analysis and multi-DG configuration, was implemented to analyse the feasibility of the proposed method and the advantages of ANM under contingency situations. The method was validated on a weakly-meshed 16-bus UK generic distribution system (UKGDS). The results showed that ANM can lower operational costs and maintain network voltage for operation in feasible conditions even in the case of a contingency. Moreover, the ANM scheme mitigated the voltage rise effect caused by DGs and maximized their utilization.

Yes / This article proposes a novel technique for operation of distribution networks with considering active network management (ANM) schemes and demand response (DR) within a joint active and reactive distribution market environment. The objective of the proposed model is to maximize social welfare using market-based joint active and reactive optimal power flow. First, the intermittent behavior of renewable sources (solar irradiance, wind speed) and load demands is modeled through scenario-tree technique. Then, a network frame is recast using mixed-integer linear programming, which is solvable using efficient off-the-shelf branch-and cut solvers. Additionaly, this article explores the impact of wind and solar power penetration on the active and reactive distribution locational prices within the distribution market environment with integration of ANM schemes and DR. A realistic case study (16-bus UK generic medium voltage distribution system) is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. / This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Higher Education Scientific Research in Iraq and in part by British Academy under Grant GCRFNGR3\1541.

No Brasil, em nível federal, a exploração mineral está submetida a ordenamentos normativos. A Agência Nacional de Mineração (ANM) é o ente regulador, atuando como protagonista na concessão, fiscalização e cumprimento de legislação específica para fiscalizar e fomentar a exploração dos recursos minerais e, portanto, deve organizar e tornar público os atos normativos que produz. A pesquisa apresenta diretrizes para organizar, disseminar e recuperar os atos normativos da ANM, enquanto documentos normativos, a partir dos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da Análise de Domínio, para a organização do conhecimento e recuperação da informação dentro de domínio específico - Mineração no Brasil. Apresenta reflexão sobre a conceituação e os aspectos formais da documentação jurídica, pela qual os atos normativos são manifestados. Das leituras específicas sobre documentação jurídica na Administração Pública Federal, foi organizado glossário com as principais espécies documentais, considerando o contexto da ANM. Apresenta análise descritiva do domínio Mineração a partir de: resumo histórico da atividade de regulação no Brasil; dos principais diplomas legais; dos pressupostos do Direito Minerário; e de sucinto perfil do órgão regulador. As leituras para descrever o domínio, principalmente dos atos normativos e diplomas legais utilizados nas atividades de regulação da mineração no Brasil, permitiram elencar vários conceitos pertinentes ao domínio estudado, os quais deram origem à terminologia da mineração no Brasil. Apresenta análise exploratória do menu legislação do portal das agências reguladoras do Brasil e do Sicon, Legin e LexML Da análise, foi verificado que, apesar de boa parte das agências possuírem catálogos on-line para os acervos de suas bibliotecas e também para seus atos normativos (legislação), muitas delas duplicam a forma de disponibilizar as informações normativas e não há padrão na organização e disseminação de tais documentos, principalmente com relação à representação temática, o que dificulta a recuperação da informação. Os resultados da análise exploratória evidenciaram que há um grande hiato entre o tratamento dos documentos normativos disponibilizados pelos órgãos do Poder Legislativo, quando comparado com os dos órgãos do Poder Executivo, estes necessitam estruturar e padronizar as atividades, tornando o tratamento, disseminação e recuperação mais eficiente e confiável. A partir das reflexões teóricas e dos resultados da análise exploratória, considerando o perfil da comunidade discursiva e a tipologia documental, foram definidos os metadados que contemplam as especificidades dos atos normativos da ANM e os campos de acesso para a ferramenta de busca avançada do futuro Sistema de Recuperação de Informação. Os metadados refletem contexto de produção, peculiaridades, disseminação, recuperação e uso, dos atos normativos pela comunidade discursiva (servidores da ANM; procuradores da AGU a serviço da ANM; e mineradores). A definição e implementação das diretrizes para o tratamento e a disseminação dos atos normativos da ANM é prerrogativa para que informação relevante e pertinente seja recuperada pelos usuários aptos a atribuírem valor estratégico e agregarem novos valores à informação na tomada de decisões; o que otimiza as atividades dos servidores da Autarquia e, consequentemente, a tramitação dos processos minerários. / In Brazil, exploring minerals requires specific mining laws and legal acts, which are made by the National Mining Agency (NMA). This governmental agency is responsible for regulating and boosting mineral resources exploration in the country. NMA deals with the concession, inspection and compliance of the Brazilian mineral resources exploration. Furthermore, to fulfill its mission, NMA must organize and publicize all legal acts about mining regulation. The goal of the research was to define procedures and guidelines to organize, disseminate and retrieve these legal acts based on theoretical and methodological statements Domain Analysis. Considering that acts are classified as legal documents, conceptions about them and legal information were introduced to highlight their features. Legal documents have specific form and demand different management in comparison to other administrative documents. In order to justify the use of Domain Analysis statements and also approaches recommended by Hjørland a descriptive analysis of Mining Domain in Brazil was presented. This description was based on the historical summary of the regulation activity in Brazil, main assumptions of mining law, main legal acts and a brief profile of the NMA. Afterwards, metadata were presented, analyzed and selected considering features of legal acts and the contexts of production, dissemination, retrieving and use in a state institution. This study also presented the results of exploratory analysis of the databases of Brazilian regulatory agencies and prominent legal databases - LexML and Federal Senate. Ensuring fast and effective access to relevant, reliable and consistent information that would enable the discursive community to improve its decision-taking process and to optimize its activities, speeding up the procedures of mining processes and improving Brazilian economy.

No Brasil, em nível federal, a exploração mineral está submetida a ordenamentos normativos. A Agência Nacional de Mineração (ANM) é o ente regulador, atuando como protagonista na concessão, fiscalização e cumprimento de legislação específica para fiscalizar e fomentar a exploração dos recursos minerais e, portanto, deve organizar e tornar público os atos normativos que produz. A pesquisa apresenta diretrizes para organizar, disseminar e recuperar os atos normativos da ANM, enquanto documentos normativos, a partir dos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da Análise de Domínio, para a organização do conhecimento e recuperação da informação dentro de domínio específico - Mineração no Brasil. Apresenta reflexão sobre a conceituação e os aspectos formais da documentação jurídica, pela qual os atos normativos são manifestados. Das leituras específicas sobre documentação jurídica na Administração Pública Federal, foi organizado glossário com as principais espécies documentais, considerando o contexto da ANM. Apresenta análise descritiva do domínio Mineração a partir de: resumo histórico da atividade de regulação no Brasil; dos principais diplomas legais; dos pressupostos do Direito Minerário; e de sucinto perfil do órgão regulador. As leituras para descrever o domínio, principalmente dos atos normativos e diplomas legais utilizados nas atividades de regulação da mineração no Brasil, permitiram elencar vários conceitos pertinentes ao domínio estudado, os quais deram origem à terminologia da mineração no Brasil. Apresenta análise exploratória do menu legislação do portal das agências reguladoras do Brasil e do Sicon, Legin e LexML Da análise, foi verificado que, apesar de boa parte das agências possuírem catálogos on-line para os acervos de suas bibliotecas e também para seus atos normativos (legislação), muitas delas duplicam a forma de disponibilizar as informações normativas e não há padrão na organização e disseminação de tais documentos, principalmente com relação à representação temática, o que dificulta a recuperação da informação. Os resultados da análise exploratória evidenciaram que há um grande hiato entre o tratamento dos documentos normativos disponibilizados pelos órgãos do Poder Legislativo, quando comparado com os dos órgãos do Poder Executivo, estes necessitam estruturar e padronizar as atividades, tornando o tratamento, disseminação e recuperação mais eficiente e confiável. A partir das reflexões teóricas e dos resultados da análise exploratória, considerando o perfil da comunidade discursiva e a tipologia documental, foram definidos os metadados que contemplam as especificidades dos atos normativos da ANM e os campos de acesso para a ferramenta de busca avançada do futuro Sistema de Recuperação de Informação. Os metadados refletem contexto de produção, peculiaridades, disseminação, recuperação e uso, dos atos normativos pela comunidade discursiva (servidores da ANM; procuradores da AGU a serviço da ANM; e mineradores). A definição e implementação das diretrizes para o tratamento e a disseminação dos atos normativos da ANM é prerrogativa para que informação relevante e pertinente seja recuperada pelos usuários aptos a atribuírem valor estratégico e agregarem novos valores à informação na tomada de decisões; o que otimiza as atividades dos servidores da Autarquia e, consequentemente, a tramitação dos processos minerários. / In Brazil, exploring minerals requires specific mining laws and legal acts, which are made by the National Mining Agency (NMA). This governmental agency is responsible for regulating and boosting mineral resources exploration in the country. NMA deals with the concession, inspection and compliance of the Brazilian mineral resources exploration. Furthermore, to fulfill its mission, NMA must organize and publicize all legal acts about mining regulation. The goal of the research was to define procedures and guidelines to organize, disseminate and retrieve these legal acts based on theoretical and methodological statements Domain Analysis. Considering that acts are classified as legal documents, conceptions about them and legal information were introduced to highlight their features. Legal documents have specific form and demand different management in comparison to other administrative documents. In order to justify the use of Domain Analysis statements and also approaches recommended by Hjørland a descriptive analysis of Mining Domain in Brazil was presented. This description was based on the historical summary of the regulation activity in Brazil, main assumptions of mining law, main legal acts and a brief profile of the NMA. Afterwards, metadata were presented, analyzed and selected considering features of legal acts and the contexts of production, dissemination, retrieving and use in a state institution. This study also presented the results of exploratory analysis of the databases of Brazilian regulatory agencies and prominent legal databases - LexML and Federal Senate. Ensuring fast and effective access to relevant, reliable and consistent information that would enable the discursive community to improve its decision-taking process and to optimize its activities, speeding up the procedures of mining processes and improving Brazilian economy.

Les progrès technologiques récents ont permis l'apparition d'une grande variété de nouveaux moyens pour accéder et utiliser l'information multimédia du Web en tout lieu et à tout moment. L'hétérogénéité des appareils d'accès s'est accompagné une évolution importante de l'information disponible sur le réseau. Aujourd'hui, on trouve une multitude de formats complexes avec de nouvelles fonctionnalités, telles que la vidéo interactive, les animations 3D et le dessin vectoriel. Ces formats s'appuient sur de nouveaux modèles de documents qui intègrent une structure logique, spatiale, temporelle et une dimension hypermédia.<br /><br />Face à cette évolution, il est nécessaire de concevoir des systèmes qui permettent l'accès et l'utilisation de l'information sous une forme qui corresponde aux contraintes imposées par l'environnement. Cette thèse a pour objectif de contribuer à l'adaptation et à la négociation des contenus en considérant les limitations des utilisateurs et les contraintes de leur environnement. Nous présentons une architecture flexible appelée NAC qui permet de définir les composants qui interviennent dans la négociation et l'adaptation de contenu, et qui décrit comment ces composants sont organisés.<br /><br />NAC permet plusieurs types d'adaptation : une adaptation structurelle, une adaptation sémantique et une adaptation des ressources médias. Ces types d'adaptation sont basés sur les différents contextes des clients (caractéristiques des terminaux, préférences des utilisateurs, etc.). Nous proposons également un modèle de description de contextes UPS (schémas universels pour la description des profils), un protocole de négociation et un ensemble de techniques d'adaptation. Les concepts de l'architecture NAC ont contribué aux travaux de standardisation du consortium W3C, en particulier au cadre de travail CC/PP et aux travaux sur l'indépendance des terminaux. Cette étude est complétée par une évaluation de performances qui démontre que le système proposé est exploitable dans la pratique.

Dans cette thèse, des techniques d’homogénéisation multi-échelles sont proposées pour l’analyse des vibrations des matériaux composites viscoélastiques. Dans la première partie, la Méthode Asymptotique à Deux Echelles (MADE) est proposée pour la modélisation des vibrations des longues structures sandwichs viscoélastiques répétitives. Pour ce type de structures les pulsations amorties correspondant aux modes propres de vibration sont regroupées en paquets bien distincts. La MADE décompose le problème initial de grande taille en deux problèmes de petites tailles. Le premier est défini sur quelques cellules de base et le second est une équation différentielle d’amplitude à coefficients complexes. La résolution de ces problèmes permet de déterminer les propriétés amortissantes correspondant aux modes de début et de fin de paquet de la structure tout en évitant la discrétisation de toute la structure. Pour les structures dont les coeurs ont un module d’Young dépendant de la fréquence, le problème non linéaire formulé sur les cellules de bases est résolu par l’approche diamant. Les modèles ADF et à dérivées fractionnaires ont été considérés dans les tests numériques. En utilisant la MADE, on évite la discrétisation de toute la structure, ce qui permet donc de réduire considérablement le temps de calcul ainsi que l’espace mémoire CPU nécessaires. L’approche proposée a été validée en comparant les résultats à ceux de la simulation éléments finis basée sur la discrétisation de toute la structure, et utilisant l’approche diamant. Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, la méthode des éléments finis multi-échelles (EF2) a été développée pour le calcul des propriétés modales des structures à matériaux hétérogènes viscoélastiques en terme de fréquences amorties et amortissements modaux. Dans le principe de l’approche EF2, le problème de vibration est formulé à deux échelles : l’échelle de la structure globale (échelle macroscopique) et l’échelle d’un VER minutieusement choisi (échelle microscopique). Le problème à résoudre à l’échelle microscopique est un problème non linéaire alors que le problème à résoudre à l’échelle macroscopique est un problème linéaire. La non linéarité à l’échelle microscopique est introduite par la dépendance en fréquence du module d’Young des matériaux des phases viscoélastiques. Le problème non linéaire ainsi généré à l’échelle microscopique est résolu grâce à la MAN et ses outils de différentiation automatique réalisés sous Matlab, Fortran et C++. Un outil numérique, générique, robuste, peu coûteux en temps de calcul et espace mémoire CPU, de résolution des problèmes de vibrations non amorties des structures composites viscoélastique est ainsi mis en place. Le modèle viscoélastique à module constant ainsi que des modèles à modules dépendant de la fréquence notamment le modèle ADF et le modèle à dérivées fractionnaires ont été considérés pour les tests numériques de validation. Les comparaisons avec les résultats ABAQUS ont confirmé l’efficacité du code propos é. Le modèle est ensuite utilisé pour le calcul des propriétés amortissantes des structures sandwichs viscoélastiques à coeur composite. Les capacités de la nouvelle approche à concevoir des structures sandwichs viscoélastiques à coeur composite et à haut pouvoir amortissant ont été testées avec succès à travers l’étude de l’influence des différents paramètres des inclusions sur les propriétés amortissantes d’une structure sandwich viscoélastique à coeur composite / In this thesis, multiscale homogenization techniques are proposed for vibration analysis of structures with viscoelastic composite materials. In the first part, the Double Scale Asymptotic Method is proposed for vibration modeling of large repetitive viscoelastic sandwich structures. For this kind of structures, la eigenfrequencies are closely located in well separated packets. The DSAM splits the initial problem of large size into two problems of relatively small sizes. The first problem is posed on few basic cells, and the second one is an amplitude equation with complex coefficients. The resolution of these equations permits to compute the damping properties that correspond to the beginning and the end of every packets of eigenmodes. In case of structure with frequency dependent Young modulus in the core, the diamant approach is used to solve the nonlinear problem posed on basic cells. The ADF and fractional derivative models are considered in numerical tests. By using the DSAM, one avoid the discretization of the whole structure, and the computation time and needed CPU memory are thus reduced. The proposed method is validated by comparing its results with those of the direct finite element method using the diamant approach. In the second part of this thesis, the multiscale finite element method (FE2) is proposed for computation of modal properties (resonant frequency and modal loss factors) of structures with composite materials. In the principle of the (FE2) method, the vibration problem is formulated at two scales: the scale of the whole structure (macroscopic scale) and the scale of a Representative Volume Element (RVE) considered as the microscopic scale. The microscopic problem is a nonlinear one and the macroscopic problem is linear. The nonlinearity at the microscopic scale is introduced by the frequency dependence of the Young modulus of the viscoelastic phases. This nonlinear problem is solved by the Asymptotic Numerical Method and its automatic differentiation tools realizable in Matlab, Fortran or C++. From this approach, numerical tool that is generic, flexible, robust and inexpensive in term of CPU time and memory is proposed for vibration analysis of viscoelastic structures. The constant Young modulus and frequency dependent Young modulus are considered in validation tests. The results of numerical simulation with ABAQUS are used are reference. The model is then used to compute the modal properties of sandwich structure with viscoelastic composite core. To test the capacities of the proposed approach to design sandwich viscoelastic structure with high damping properties, the influence of parameters of the inclusions are studied