There is a noticeable improvement in the quality of the lives of women engaged in economic activities beyond the home. In a democratic South Africa, women – including those in rural areas – are being freed from their fixed gender roles. Today women are regarded as co-participants in any undertaking, whether as organisers, natural environmentalists or economists, in order to achieve sustainable development. It is for this reason that a number of laws and statutory bodies are in place to speed up the empowerment of women. Consequently, women as individuals or groups are doing their best to respond to the call of democracy in order to balance the equation which has for long remained skewed. In the study area of the Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality, women have initiated projects through mobilisation of their capabilities and available resources to sustain their personal needs, and those of their households. Hence, their well-being with regard to health, nutrition, mobility and social connectivity has improved. There is no doubt that these women are primary breadwinners for their families on a daily basis, as the majority have no other source of income or their husbands’ jobs are taken by migrant labour. The research reveals that, unless women stand up and take action to disprove what is known as ‘feminisation of poverty’, nothing good can happen. Through Participatory Rural Appraisal and Community Asset Mapping techniques, an observation of ethical considerations, participants responded willingly and exposed the realities of their lives. One remaining challenge that needs to be constantly monitored is that there should be a balance between policies and practices with men needing to be empowered to understand, accept and assist in the empowerment of women with a view to achieving sustainability in almost every undertaking. / Geography / D.Litt. et Phil. (Geography)

There is a noticeable improvement in the quality of the lives of women engaged in economic activities beyond the home. In a democratic South Africa, women – including those in rural areas – are being freed from their fixed gender roles. Today women are regarded as co-participants in any undertaking, whether as organisers, natural environmentalists or economists, in order to achieve sustainable development. It is for this reason that a number of laws and statutory bodies are in place to speed up the empowerment of women. Consequently, women as individuals or groups are doing their best to respond to the call of democracy in order to balance the equation which has for long remained skewed. In the study area of the Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality, women have initiated projects through mobilisation of their capabilities and available resources to sustain their personal needs, and those of their households. Hence, their well-being with regard to health, nutrition, mobility and social connectivity has improved. There is no doubt that these women are primary breadwinners for their families on a daily basis, as the majority have no other source of income or their husbands’ jobs are taken by migrant labour. The research reveals that, unless women stand up and take action to disprove what is known as ‘feminisation of poverty’, nothing good can happen. Through Participatory Rural Appraisal and Community Asset Mapping techniques, an observation of ethical considerations, participants responded willingly and exposed the realities of their lives. One remaining challenge that needs to be constantly monitored is that there should be a balance between policies and practices with men needing to be empowered to understand, accept and assist in the empowerment of women with a view to achieving sustainability in almost every undertaking. / Geography / D.Litt. et Phil. (Geography)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ulisses Tadeu Vaz de Oliveira.pdf: 516269 bytes, checksum: 0844816fc09b2fcd6b0196adc281a80d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-19 / The galego-portuguese chants have been traditionally studying by brilliant philologists that been made huge advances in terms of understanding what was the galego-portuguese language and its production context. However, the galegoportuguese chants have a lot to offer to any researcher interested to investigate its particularities. In fact, the traditional methodologies and proceedings applied in the medieval texts analysis, specially in the galego-portuguese chants, could not examining appropriately the implications of the context in the text; as: ideology, courtesy, education, formation, ways of production, etc. Admitting this reflection and presenting a new purpose, this research develops a multifunctional critic analysis (Fairclough, 1992) of D.Dinis galego-portuguese chants (a great king and troubadour, c.f. Vasconcelos, 1943), trying to identify a collection of ideas arose from education, ethic, esthetic, courtesy and a knight ideal (Ceschin, 1998) inside these texts through the standings of: fegnedor (or aspirant), precador (or suppliant), entendedor (or suitor) and drut (or lover) (Spina, 1996:363). Since the analysis focus the lyrical chants, we re only going to talk about the standings of fegnedor, precador and entendedor; intending to understand: (a) how the linguistic analysis can contribute to reveal the ideological complexes that permeate the speech of fegnedor in love chants and precador in friend chants. (b) how fegnedor and precador can behave linguistically in this context? To achieve these objectives and make a multifunctional analysis (a method of textual linguistic analysis associate with a social theory of the language functioning in ideological processes), we mainly adopt the theoretical framework of Systemic-Functional Linguistics (Halliday, 1985, 1994) specially the ideational and interpersonal metafunctions, complemented by proposes of Critical Discourse Analysis, Register and Genre Theory (Eggins & Martin, 1997), Appraisal (Martin, 2000, 2003), and the concepts of Logogenesis (Halliday, 1994) and Resonance (Thompson, 1998). The Systemic-Functional Linguistics is distinguishable from other relate theories because it views language as a social semiotic, including the cultural and situational contexts implications. Therefore, by its perspective, we determine some obrigatory and optional stages in D.Dinis lyrical chants, as well examine the interface between social context and ideological issues on Middle Ages and the chants language (fegnedor and precador stances), we are able to map some social regulations and the ability of troubadours to compose these texts / As cantigas galego-portuguesas têm sido estudadas tradicionalmente por ilustres filólogos, e seus estudos avançaram muito na compreensão do que foi a língua galego-portuguesa e seu contexto de produção, porém as cantigas galegoportuguesas ainda têm muito a oferecer ao pesquisador que nelas se debruça, bem como aos estudantes que por elas se interessam. De fato, as ferramentas metodológicas e procedimentais utilizadas nas análises tradicionais dos textos medievais, em especial as cantigas galego-portuguesas, não conseguiram analisar satisfatoriamente as implicações do contexto no texto; a saber: ideologia, cortesia, educação, formação, meio de produção, etc. Partindo desta reflexão, de forma inédita até então, esta pesquisa realiza uma análise crítica multifuncional (Fairclough 1992) das cantigas líricas galego-portuguesas de D.Dinis (grande rei e trovador, c.f. Vasconcelos, 1943), buscando identificar um ideário inspirado na educação, ética, estética, cortesia e cavalaria (Ceschin, 1998) e presentes nas cantigas galego-portuguesas através dos posicionamentos de: fenhedor (ou suspirante), precador (ou suplicante), entendedor (ou namorado) e drudo (ou amante) (Spina; 1996: 363). Como a análise se restringe apenas aos cantares líricos, trataremos apenas dos posicionamentos de fenhedor, precador e entendedor, visando compreender: (a) como a análise lingüística pode contribuir para revelar os complexos ideológicos que permeiam a fala do fenhedor nas cantigas de amor e do precador nas cantigas de amigo?; (b) como podem se comportar lingüísticamente o fenhedor e o precador considerando esse contexto. Para atingir esses objetivos e realizar uma análise crítica multifuncional (um método de análise lingüística textual com uma teoria social do funcionamento da linguagem em processos ideológicos), adotamos prioritariamente os pressupostos teóricos da Lingüística Sistêmico-Funcional (Halliday, 1985, 1994) e as metafunções ideacional e interpessoal, complementada pelas propostas da Análise Crítica do Discurso, a Teoria de Gêneros e Registros (Eggins & Martin, 1997), as propostas de avaliatividade (Appraisal), de Martin (2000, 2003), e os conceitos da Logogênese (Halliday, 1994) e Ressonância (Thompson, 1998). O que distingue a Lingüística Sistêmico-Funcional é que ela estuda o caráter social da língua, relacionando-a ao contexto cultural e situacional. Portanto, através dela, conseguimos delinear alguns estágios obrigatórios e opcionais nas cantigas líricas de D.Dinis, bem como, mapear a cátedra e o engenho do trovador, examinando a interface entre o contexto social e implicações ideológicas da Idade Média com a linguagem das cantigas e o contraste entre os posicionamentos de fenhedor e precador

Submitted by Iara Menezes (menezes.iara@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-04-22T20:25:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação (final) - Iara.pdf: 622036 bytes, checksum: f760eb68649ae345c3742090afe7a6ca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rafael Aguiar (rafael.aguiar@fgv.br) on 2015-05-04T19:58:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação (final) - Iara.pdf: 622036 bytes, checksum: f760eb68649ae345c3742090afe7a6ca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-05-05T18:23:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação (final) - Iara.pdf: 622036 bytes, checksum: f760eb68649ae345c3742090afe7a6ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-05T18:23:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação (final) - Iara.pdf: 622036 bytes, checksum: f760eb68649ae345c3742090afe7a6ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo refletir sobre a teoria e as práticas que envolvem a avaliação arquivística, a partir da análise de alguns autores influentes no tema. Apresenta um breve histórico sobre a Gestão Documental e destaca os princípios norteadores da avaliação arquivística, na visão de alguns teóricos, sobressaindo o conceito de arquivo, documento e o perfil do arquivista. Debate a questão das possibilidades de leitura/interpretação nas práticas arquivísticas, e por consequência na avaliação de documentos, destacando alguns fundamentos da Teoria do Discurso de linha francesa. Apresenta os marcos legais em relação à avaliação e a estreita relação com a constituição da memória. Busca-se observar, através da análise de entrevistas os principais fundamentos e as práticas envolvidas no processo de avaliação de documentos.

This research focuses on the role of the school principal as instructional leader in primary schools in Thoyandou area, Limpopo Province. It was motivated by a marked decline in the fulfilment of the instructional leadership role of principals in certain schools in the Limpopo Province. A literature study was undertaken to determine the role of a instructional leader, approaches to this role as well as the relationship between the principal's instructional leadership role and staff development and staff appraisal respectively. A qualitative inquiry was conducted using a focus group and personal interviews with a small sample of participants selected by judgement sampling. The findings suggest that understanding of the instructional leadership is fragmented; principals often fail to develop staff adequately; and the Department of Education's new approach to staff and development appraisals is not adequately implemented in schools. Finally guidelines are provided to assist principals in fulfilling their role as effective instructional leaders. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Education Management)

Text in Afrikaans / During the last few decades the need existed for a new framework to give direction to development and ecological thought in respect of the sustaining of nature in order to place development and ecological thought within the limits of nature. However, development thought and the debate relating to nature are to some extent still treated in theory and practice as two separate entities. One of the current challenges for sustainable development is to reconcile the development and ecological branches of this debate. The thesis firstly explains the origin and characteristics of sustainable development. Secondly, the crisis in nature is discussed, followed by a discussion of the most important ecological views relating to sustainable development. Then issues in development thought that relates to sustainable development is discussed, as well as the changing emphasis in development thought that stimulated the growth of sustainable development. The mainstream development view, as the other main branch of sustainable development thinking, is then discussed. In conclusion, some issues relating to the operationalisation of sustainable development is discussed. / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Ontwikkelingstudies)

This study investigates some of the issues affecting participation of the poor in two development projects in Inkosikazi communal lands in Zimbabwe. Recent trends in participatory development are reviewed and discussed in the study. Some definitions of the concept of participation are explored, including its historical background, importance and challenges. Fieldwork was undertaken in Inkosikazi communal lands in July 2004. Two projects were randomly sampled, and in one of them involving goat-rearing, some of the participants were classified as being very poor, while in the other, a heifer loan-scheme project, none of the participants could be classified as very poor. The possible reasons for these variations are explored in the study. The conclusion of the thesis is that the study succeeds in examining certain key issues affecting participation of the poor in Inkosikazi communal lands in Zimbabwe and recommendations thereof are made. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

This study in philosophical-theology investigates the problems and prospects of theological non-realism, as proposed and developed by the Cambridge philosopher of religion Don Cupitt. After contextualising non-realism within the worldview, epistemology and theology of pre-modernity, modernity and postmodernity, the study appraises the prospects of non-realism as a new philosophical and theologica default position for Christianity and how it relates to what has been referred to as the New Reformation. The study hypothesises and contends that, although radical in orientation and multifarious in prospect, it is a viable and valid basis for Christian reformation. After contextualising, considering some religious and theological content, as well as critique and contrapuntal positions, the study delineates theoretical and practical reformatory options. By and large concurring with Cupitt, the study also deviates from him, particularly with respect to the prospect of ecclesiastical post-Christianity. Although this is not a study in practical theology, this study nevertheless aims to move the debate about the New Reformation forward by proposing non-realism as a basis for a new Church / Biblical and Ancient Studies / Thesis (D. Th. (Religious Studies))

我國近年勞工意識抬頭，受雇者日漸重視自身工作權益，罷工運動頻傳，其中，工會理事表示，過去上對下的單向考評制度並不公平，因此，工會所訴求之員工績效評估方式，不再只是主管打員工的考績，而是雙向評估，亦即，員工亦打主管的考績。會計師事務所為服務型組織，成敗基於人，故衡量成員之績效相當重要。因此，本文以其員工之績效評估為例，探討其適當之績效評估制度為何。本研究以問卷方式蒐集資料，並以我國大專院校之會計系、所學生為受測對象。透過情境設計，結合不同績效評估制度，以了解並推論會計師事務所員工對向上績效評估制度公平程度之認知。本研究之結論有二，第一，會計師事務所員工對績效評估制度公平程度之認知，會受到向上績效評估影響，且在有向上績效評估時，認為績效評估制度比較公平。第二，向上績效評估結果是否納入受評主管之年底績效，會影響員工對績效評估制度公平程度之認知，且當該結果納入績效時，員工認為績效評估制度比較公平。易言之，當向上績效評估結果無法直接影響受評主管之年底績效，員工仍認為事務所之績效評估制度有欠公平。 / Labor consciousness is rising in recent years, and labor are paying more and more attention to their interest. The director of a labor union after one striking activity pointed out that the traditional (top-down) performance evaluation approach is unfair, and requested for a two-way performance evaluation approach, that is, subordinate also evaluate the performance of their supervisor in addition to the traditional way. This research studies the performance evaluation system of accounting firm, for it is a service organization, it’s very important to measures the performance of members, and establishing an appropriate performance evaluation system is an continuing challenge for them. To infer the perception regarding the fairness of performance evaluation of the staff of the accounting firm, the research uses method of questionnaire survey to collect data, a combination of different performance evaluation systems with designed context is embedded in the questionnaire. Students of the department of accounting of universities participate in the experiment. There are two findings. First, the perception of fairness of performance evaluation system by the staff of the accounting firm will be affected by the upward appraisal system. Moreover, the performance evaluation system will be considered fair when there is an upward appraisal system. Second, the staff’s perception of fairness of performance evaluation system will also be affected if the results of upward appraisal system is counted as the performance of the supervisor. Furthermore, the performance evaluation system will be considered fair when the results of upward appraisal system will be counted as the supervisor’s performance. In other words, the performance evaluation system will be considered unfair if the results of upward appraisal system have no direct impact on the supervisor’s performance.

The present research investigated the challenges and problems facing the public sector institutions regarding the processes, procedures, practices, steps and methods used for human resource recruitment and selection. The South African government outlawed unfair discrimination to promote equality and equity in the labour force. This state of affairs has direct implications for employment practices such as recruitment and selection in the public service. Without a comprehensive recruitment and selection model, public service departments could contravene legislative requirements. As a result, these public service departments then may not succeed in attracting and appointing the best candidates for vacant positions. The intension of this study was to determine the extent to which functions of human resource management (HRM) reflect the spirit and stipulations of the statutory and regulatory framework. These functions include job analysis, job evaluation, job design, job profiles, and human resource planning, as well as induction and orientation. The aim is further to verify to what extent these functions influence recruitment and selection practices. A qualitative research design was used to construct a comprehensive human resource recruitment and selection model. This model is the result of a thorough analysis of comparative recruitment and selection theories, approaches, international best practice, and of existing models. A case study was undertaken within the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development (DOJ&CD). Data was collected by using a questionnaire from a representative sample. The target population comprised senior and middle managers from the National Office in Pretoria and North West Province responsible for human resource functions. They are divided into five sub-clusters. Based on the core findings of this research it was established that the DOJ&CD experiences inefficiencies as far as the following aspects of human resource management are concerned: alignment, development and implementation of appropriate human resource strategies, systems, processes, procedures and methods. This also includes the approaches for recruitment and selection. The DOJ&CD mainly utilises traditional processes of recruitment and selection that do not adequately reflect international best practice and, furthermore, do not adhere to all the stipulations of the myriad forms of legislation that are governing human resources in the public service. A comprehensive model for recruitment and selection was thus of the utmost importance to guide the Department in its recruitment and selection endeavours. The model that is designed as the main contribution of this research is aimed at addressing these challenges. The comprehensive model is intended to guide the DOJ&CD‟s human resource practitioners on recruitment and selection. This is done by means of a processmap and a flow-chart approach. Based on the literature review and empirical study, best practice is proposed that can be associated with each phase or step in the recruitment and selection process. The criteria for the development of the model was based on the theoretical relationship among elements and variables such as strategy, structure, job analysis, job description, job specification and job evaluations, and how these elements are linked to recruitment and selection processes. Such a comprehensive human resource recruitment and selection model can assist practitioners to align all human resource activities and functions within public service departments. This will help to realise their organisational objectives and to operationalise their strategic imperatives successfully. / PhD (Public Management and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014