Purpose: To 1) critically appraise available randomized controlled trials (RTCs) addressing the efficacy of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids as a secondary prevention agent of hypertriglyceridemia, and 2) make recommendations for clinical practice. Data Sources: All RCTs identified from several databases from 1993-2003 were reviewed by two independent reviewers who extracted data from each study and used the previously tested Boyack and Lookinland Methodological Quality Index (MQI) to determine study quality. Results: Ten studies reported long-chain ω-3 fatty acids to be effective in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. The average decrease in triglycerides (TG) was 29%, total cholesterol (TC) 11.6%, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) 30.2%, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 32.5%. One study found LDLs to increase by 25%. The average increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was 10%. The overall average MQI score was 36% (26%-54%). Many of the RCTs had serious shortcomings including short duration, lack of a power analysis, no intention to treat analysis, no report of blind assessment of outcome, and lack of dietary control as a confounding variable. Conclusions/Implications: Overall study methodology was weak. Although the evidence supporting the use of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in the secondary prevention of hypertriglyceridemia is reasonably strong, until there are larger RCTs of stronger methodological quality, it is not recommended to treat hypertriglyceridemia with ω-3 fatty acid supplementation in lieu of lipid lowering medications.

[pt] A presente dissertação foi construída segundo a abordagem ético-inclusiva da Prática Exploratória (ALLWRIGHT, 2000), e sob a ótica da Linguística Aplicada Indisciplinar (MOITA LOPES, 2006). A pesquisa originou-se a partir de conversas com meus alunos - estudantes do 6º ano de uma escola privada do Rio de Janeiro - sobre as maneiras com que as aulas remotas de inglês no período pandêmico, no segundo semestre de 2020, foram construídas colaborativamente, e sobre os entendimentos emergentes das práticas pedagógicas promovidas pelo grupo. A partir da pergunta instigante inicial – Para quem eu planejo as minhas aulas? – nos permitimos problematizar a validade de planejamentos feitos de maneira unilateral – somente pelo professor – questionando também a relevância dos métodos de avaliação utilizados para verificar uma aprendizagem que privilegia conteúdos. Ao inserir meus alunos nos processos de seleção e construção das atividades pedagógicas e das estratégias de ensino e avaliação, dedico-me a promover conversas sobre esses processos, investigando as qualidades das vidas vivenciadas em sala de aula. Os dados gerados nessas interações foram analisados e discutidos à luz do Sistema de Avaliatividade (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005), com enfoque nas três regiões semânticas do subsistema da Atitude: Afeto, Julgamento e Apreciação. Os entendimentos construídos a partir destes dados contribuem juntamente com o objetivo comum de construir entendimentos locais e situados, por isso não determinam realidades e verdades absolutas e tampouco objetivam solucionar problemas. Desta forma, ao invés de considerações finais conclusivas, finalizo identificando novas perguntas provocadas pelo caráter sustentável da pesquisa orientada pela Prática Exploratória. / [en] This dissertation was built according to the ethical-inclusive approach of Exploratory Practice (ALLWRIGHT, 2000), and under the perspective of Indisciplinary Applied Linguistics (MOITA LOPES, 2006). The research originated from conversations with my students - 6th grade students at a private school in Rio de Janeiro - about the ways in which remote English classes in the pandemic period, especially in the second half of 2020, were collaboratively constructed, and on the emerging understandings of the pedagogical practices promoted by the group. From the initial thought-provoking question – Whom do I plan my classes for? – we allowed ourselves to problematize the validity of a class planning done unilaterally – only by the teacher – also questioning the relevance of the evaluation methods applied to verify a kind of learning that privileges content. By inserting my students in the selection and construction processes of pedagogical activities and of the teaching and assessment strategies, I dedicate myself to promoting conversations about these processes, investigating the qualities of life in the classroom. The data generated by these interactions were analyzed and discussed in the light of the Appraisal System (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005), focusing on the three semantic regions of the Attitude subsystem: Affection, Judgment and Appreciation. The understandings built from these data contribute together with the common goal of building local and situated understandings, and for this reason they do not determine absolute realities and truths, nor do they aim to solve problems. Thus, instead of conclusive final considerations, I close by identifying new questions caused by the sustainable character of research guided by Exploratory Practice.

[pt] Situada na área da Linguística Aplicada Contemporânea (Fabrício, 2006; Miller, 2013; Moita Lopes, 2006; Pennycook, 2006; Rajagopalan, 2003), esta dissertação tem como objetivo compreender como quatro professores inseridos no mercado de trabalho dos cursos de inglês constroem as suas emoções em relação a estas instituições de ensino, aqui compreendidas segundo as noções de lugar (Tuan, 2013) e não lugar (Augé, 2012). Os cursos de inglês como lugares se vinculam à ideia de permanência e às relações humanas afetuosas; já como não lugares, eles podem se tornar espaços de transitoriedade e de impermanência. Para uma compreensão de como os cursos de inglês se inserem no cenário da educação atual, esta pesquisa se apoia nos debates sobre a educação na atualidade (Chaves, 2019; Laval, 2019), tendo como fundamentação teórica os estudos sobre emoções e vida social (Rezende; Coelho, 2010) e os afetos dos professores (Nias, 1996; Zembylas, 2002; 2003a, 2003b, 2004, 2005). Os dados foram gerados em conversas informais com os quatro professores participantes, e, uma vez gerados, foram transcritos. Excertos foram selecionados e divididos em três blocos temáticos que retratam diferentes momentos destes professores antes e após ingressarem no mercado de trabalho. Como ferramenta teórico-metodológica, esta pesquisa de base qualitativa (Darlington; Scott, 2002; Denzin; Lincoln, 2006) se apoia no Sistema de Avaliatividade (Almeida, 2012; Ikeda, 2012; Martin; White, 2005; Vian Jr., 2011, 2012; White, 2004), integrante da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (Halliday, 1994), para compreender como as emoções emergem por meio das escolhas lexicogramaticais nas avaliações dos professores acerca dos cursos de inglês. Entendimentos apontam para a possibilidade de os cursos de inglês serem sentidos como não lugares, o que sugere a necessidade de se criar um espaço teóricoreflexivo no qual as emoções dos professores sejam pensadas como trazendo sentidos para as suas experiências (Zembylas, 2003a). / [en] Situated in the field of Contemporary Applied Linguistics (Fabrício, 2006; Miller, 2013; Moita Lopes, 2006; Pennycook, 2006; Rajagopalan, 2003, this dissertation aims to understand how four teachers inserted in the job market of English language schools build their emotions associated with these educational institutions, herein understood according to the notions of place (Tuan, 2013) and nonplace (Augé, 2012). English language schools as places are linked to the idea of permanence and affectionate human relationships; as nonplaces, they can become spaces of transience and impermanence. For an understanding of how English language schools fit into the current education scenario, this research draws upon debates on contemporary education (Chaves, 2019; Laval, 2019), having as its theoretical foundations the studies about emotions and social life (Rezende; Coelho, 2010) and teachers emotions (Nias, 1996; Zembylas, 2002, 2003a, 2003b, 2004, 2005). The data was generated during informal conversations with the four participating teachers, and once generated, it was transcribed. Excerpts were selected and divided into three themed sections that depict different moments of these teachers before and after entering the job market. As a theoreticalmethodological tool, this qualitative research (Santos, 2013; Darlington; Scott, 2002; Denzin; Lincoln; 2006) is based on the Appraisal Theory (Almeida, 2012; Ikeda 2012; Martin; White, 2005; Vian Jr., 2011, 2012; White, 2004), stemming from the Systemic-Functional Linguistics (Halliday, 1994), to understand how emotions emerge through the teachers lexicogramatical choices in their evaluations of English language schools. The understandings point to the possibility that these institutions are felt as nonplaces, which suggests the need for the creation of a theoretical-reflective space in which teachers emotions are thought of as bringing meanings to their experiences (Zembylas, 2003).

An analysis of existing showrooms showed that absence of atmosphere makes it hard for clients to imagine effects in a context, and that lack of guidance by the light makes the experience of the showroom overwhelming or static. Also, clients often prioritize luminaires' design over light effect, even in architectural lighting where design should be negligible. This thesis investigates whether it is possible by prioritizing light effect, to optimize the showroom experience and to direct clients' focus on the light, while minimizing the influence of design on the impression and eventually choice of luminaire. In order to achieve these goals, three main concepts are suggested – guiding light, contrasting atmospheres and sequence of presenting light effects first and luminaires afterwards. These enable good communication about light which is essential for clients to focus on the atmosphere created by the light, rather than price and design. Experiments were conducted in the basement of a Croatian company's office, where the exhibits were not the luminaires, but their light. Visitors' priorities before and after going through the installation changed significantly, which might mean that the light effect made an impact and influenced examinees to base their choice of luminaire more on light effect, than design. It is concluded that the used concepts contributed to putting more focus on the light itself. Instead of focusing solely on light experience or product, a balance between the two was achieved by prioritizing and showing the light effect first, and only afterwards joining it with the product, thus offering visitors a more complete experience of the luminaire.

This thesis investigates the potential consequences resulting from the migration process of the medical journal system, Auricula Ordination, to an alternative platform, with a particular focus on the risk of information loss and the long-term accessibility of the migrated data. The study examines how the migration to systems with potentially different data structures poses challenges in preserving the integrity of information. By adopting the perspective of accessibility and using the Records Continuum Model's fourth dimension of pluralisation, this study sheds light on the complexities associated with maintaining the accessibility of information within the new system. Even after the new system is archived. By conducting case studies using the appraisal investigations conducted by the Swedish regions, examples to support the findings were found. This analysis highlights the need to address the information management challenges arising from the migration process and emphasizes the significance of preserving the integrity and accessibility of data in the context of medical journal systems. In conclusion, this study underscores the potential information loss and challenges associated with the migration process of medical journal systems. By drawing insights from the Records Continuum Model, it enhances our understanding of the complexities involved in ensuring long-term accessibility of migrated data. These findings have implications for information management practices in regional archives, calling for more comprehensive approaches to preserve and facilitate access to valuable medical knowledge. / Denna uppsats ämnar till att undersöka de risker som uppstår vid migration av information från en informationsinnehavare till en annan. För att undersöka dessa risker har ett flertal fallstudier gjorts utifrån gallringsutredningen av journalsystemet Auricula Ordination, vilket användes inom hälso- och sjukvården i flertalet av Sveriges regioner. För att avgränsa undersökningen gjordes valet att enbart undersöka de regioner som samarbetar inom R7e-arkiv. Förutom att belysa de risker som finns ämnar likväl denna uppsats att skifta fokus i arkivforskningen i Sverige bort ifrån de större statliga arkiven till att belysa de mindre arkiven i landets regioner.  Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att genom ett flertal fallstudier undersöka konsekvenserna av migrationer av informationssystem och hur detta påverkar den framtida möjligheten för tillgängliggörande. Likväl hur ägandeskapet av informationen kan påverka dess integritet. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten har gjorts utifrån Records Continuum Models fjärde dimension pluralisation. I kombination med en hermeneutiskteori ämnas att skapa en mer utförlig bild av regionernas utgångspunkt i sina utredningar av Auricula och hur perspektivet av tillgängliggörande har framkommit. Undersökningen resulterade i att migrationer av information från ett system till ett annat har en negativ inverkan på framtida möjligheter av tillgängliggörande. Vilket grundas i framförallt riskerna av informationsförluster under själva migrationen. Där förlusten av relevanta metadata är i störst risk att gå förlorad. Vilket i förlängningen kan skada informationens integritet och dess kontext kan gå förlorad.

[pt] Esta pesquisa, de caráter discursivo, analisa como as decisões sobre prisão domiciliar para mulheres, mães de crianças menores de 12 anos e/ou gestantes, são construídas discursivamente por juízes e desembargadores. Parte-se das leis e normas nacionais constantes no Artigo 318 do Código de Processo Penal brasileiro, o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, o Habeas Corpus 143.641/SP com decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal e também as Regras de Bangkok - Regras das Nações Unidas para o Tratamento de Mulheres Presas e Medidas Não Privativas de Liberdade para Mulheres Infratoras – das quais o Brasil é signatário para, então, se analisar um corpus constituído de 16 Acórdãos, compreendidos entre os anos de 2017 e 2019, da comarca da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, para os casos de concessão ou não de prisão domiciliar como pena alternativa. As decisões em primeira instância são referenciadas em alguns momentos da análise tendo em vista as entextualizações feitas pelos profissionais no decorrer dos procedimentos judiciais. Também são analisadas as leis e documentos oficiais citados acima. Trata-se de uma análise discursiva, qualitativo-interpretativista e interdisciplinar, que articula os estudos da Linguagem e do Direito do âmbito da Linguística Aplicada, mais especificamente da Linguística Forense. Após avaliar a relação sócio-histórica entre maternidade, feminismo e encarceramento e descrever o gênero acórdão com apoio das noções de cronotopo, cronotopo jurídico e entextualização, a lente discursiva desta tese se volta, com apoio do Sistema de Avaliatividade, para os índices avaliativos e morais sobre o comportamento feminino presentes nas decisões. Embora as normas nacionais e internacionais sejam convergentes em relação a (i) importância do convívio entre mãe e filho na primeira infância; (ii) especificidades em relação à prisão de mulheres e de gestantes e (iii) crítica ao encarceramento feminino, que vem aumentando consideravelmente no Brasil e no mundo, o que se observa, como resultados de pesquisa, é que: (i) os discursos construídos pelos julgadores são, muitas vezes, moralizantes, baseados na ideia de que a mulher perde a capacidade de ser mãe uma vez que comete um delito e (ii) os magistrados desconsideram os discursos presentes nas normas e leis existentes, mantendo a orientação punitivista que contribui diretamente para o aumento do quantitativo de mulheres encarceradas no Brasil. / [en] This discursive research analyzes how decisions about house arrest for women, mothers of children under 12 years of age and/or pregnant women are constructed discursively by judges. It is based on national laws and rules such as the Article 318 of the Brazilian Code of Criminal Procedure (Artigo 318 do Código de Processo Penal brasileiro), the Child and Adolescent Statute (Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente), the Habeas Corpus 143.641/SP with the Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal) decision and the international Bangkok Rules - United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-Custodial Measures for Women Offenders – of which Brazil is a signatory, in order to analyze a corpus consisting of 16 Judgments, between the years of 2017 and 2019, of the district of the city of Rio de Janeiro, for cases of granting or not of house arrest as an alternative penalty. Decisions at first instance are referenced at some moments of the analysis with regard of the entextualizations made by professionals during legal proceedings. The laws and official documents mentioned above are also analyzed. This is a discursive, qualitative- interpretative and interdisciplinary analysis, which articulates the studies of language and law in the field of Applied Linguistics, and more specifically to Forensic Linguistics. After evaluating the socio-historical relationship between motherhood, feminism and imprisonment, describing the judgment as a textual gender with support of the perspectives of chronotope, legal chronotope and entextualization, the discursive lens of this thesis turns, with the support of the Appraisal System, to the evaluative and moral indicators on the female behavior shown in the decisions. Although national and international rules converge to (i) the importance of interaction between mother and child in early childhood; (ii) the specificities in relation to the arrest of women and pregnant women and (iii) the criticism of female incarceration that has been increasing considerably in Brazil and worldwide, what is observed, as the research results, is that: (i) the discourses constructed by the judges are often moralizing, based on the idea that women lose the ability to be a mother once they commit an offence; (ii) the judges disregard the discourses present in the existing norms and laws, maintaining the punitive orientation that directly contributes to the increase in the number of women incarcerated in Brazil.

Bewertungen von Immobilien sollen den Marktwert einschätzen und sind notwendig für Kauf-, Verkaufs- und Bauentscheidungen, für die Kreditvergabe und für die Besteuerung. Trotz dieser eindeutigen Aufgabenstellung existierten unterschiedliche Verfahren, mit welchen Marktwerte ermittelt werden können. Ein Bewertungsverfahren soll einerseits mit ökonomischer Theorie vereinbar sein und andererseits Bewertungen generieren, die beobachtete Transaktionspreise gut vorhersagen. Die Dissertation analysiert die drei wichtigsten Bewertungsansätze Sachwert-, Vergleichswert- und Ertragswertverfahren, zeigt das jeweils zugrundeliegende Marktmodell und evaluiert die kodifizierten Verfahren nach der Wertermittlungsverordnung (WertV) anhand von beobachteten Transaktionen. Darüber hinaus gibt die Dissertation einen Überblick zu Immobilienpreisindizes und zu hedonischen Methoden. Für die ökonometrischen Analysen wurden umfangreiche Daten zum Berliner Immobilienmarkt verwendet. / Appraisals should assess the market value of properties and are necessary for buying, selling or building decisions, for lending and for taxation. Despite this unambiguous task different techniques exist for ascertaining market values. An valuation approach should be in accordance with economic theory and should generate appraisals, which are reliable estimates for transaction prices. This dissertation analyzes the three most important valuation approaches, i.e. cost, sales comparison, and income approach, shows the underlying market models and evaluates the valuation techniques that are codified in the German Regulation on Valuation (WertV). For the latter evaluations, appraisals are compared with observed transaction prices. In addition, the dissertation gives an overview on real estate price indices and on the hedonic approach. Extensive data on Berlin's real estate market are used for the econometric analysis.

Real estate appraisal is the means of defining the market value of land and property affixed to it. Many different features determine the market value of a property. For example, the distance to the nearest park or the travel time to the central business district may be significant when determining its market value. The use of machine learning in real estate appraisal requires algorithm accuracy and interpretability. Related research often defines these two properties as a trade-off and suggests that more complex algorithms may outperform intrinsically interpretable algorithms. This study tests these claims by examining the impact of geospatial features on interpretable algorithms in real estate appraisal. The experiments use property transactions from Oslo, Norway, and adds relative and global geospatial features for all properties using geocoding and spherical distance calculations. Such as the distance to the nearest park or the city center. The experiment implements three intrinsically interpretable algorithms; a linear regression algorithm, a decision tree algorithm, and a RuleFit algorithm. For comparison, it also implements two artificial neural network algorithms as a baseline. This study measures the impact of geospatial features using the algorithm performance by the coefficient of determination and the mean absolute error for the algorithm without and with geospatial features. Then, the individual impact of each geospatial feature is measured using four feature importance measures; mean decrease impurity, input variable importance, mean decrease accuracy, and Shapley values. The statistically significant results show that geospatial features improve algorithm performance. The improvement of algorithm performance is not unique to interpretable algorithms but occurs for all algorithms. Furthermore, it shows that interpretable algorithms are not axiomatically inferior to the tested artificial neural network algorithms. The distance to the city center and a nearby hospital are, on average, the most important geospatial features. While important for algorithm performance, precisely what the geospatial features capture remains for future examination. / Fastighetsvärdering är ett sätt att bestämma marknadsvärdet på mark och egendom som anbringas på den. Flera olika variabler påverkar marknadsvärdet för en fastighet. Avståndet till närmaste park eller restiden till det centrala affärsdistriktet kan till exempel vara betydande när man bestämmer ett marknadsvärde. Användningen av maskininlärning vid fastighetsvärdering kräver noggrannhet och tolkbarhet hos algoritmer. Relaterad forskning definierar ofta dessa två egenskaper som en kompromiss och föreslår att mer komplexa algoritmer kan överträffa tolkbara algoritmer. Den här studien testar dessa påståenden genom att undersöka påverkan av geospatiala variabler på tolkbara algoritmer i fastighetsvärdering. Experimentet använder fastighetstransaktioner från Oslo i Norge, och lägger till relativa och globala geospatiala variabler för alla fastigheter med hjälp av geokodning och sfäriska avståndsberäkningar. Såsom avståndet till närmaste park eller stadens centrum. Experimentet implementerar tre tolkbara algoritmer; en linjär regressionsalgoritm, en beslutsträdalgoritm och en RuleFit-algoritm. Som jämförelse implementerar den också två artificiella neuronnätsalgoritmer som en baslinje. Studien mäter påverkan av geospatiala variabler med algoritmprestanda genom determinationskoefficienten och det genomsnittliga absoluta felet för algoritmen med och utan geospatiala variabler. Därefter mäts den individuella påverkan av varje geospatial variabel med hjälp av fyra mått på variabelbetydelse; mean decrease impurity, input variabel importance, mean decrease accuracy och Shapley-värden. De statistiskt signifikanta resultaten visar att geospatiala variabler förbättrar algoritmers prestanda. Förbättringen av algoritmprestanda är inte unik för tolkningsbara algoritmer utan sker för alla algoritmer. Dessutom visar resultatet att tolkningsbara algoritmer inte är sämre än de testade artificiella neuronnätsalgoritmerna. Avståndet till stadens centrum och det närmaste sjukhuset är i genomsnitt de viktigaste geospatiala variablerna. Även om de geospatial variablerna är viktiga för algoritmprestanda, kvarstår frågan om vad exakt de betyder för framtida granskning.

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