Tidigare forskning visar att individer med en diagnos inom autismspektrumet (ASD) upplever en större sinneskänslighet vad gäller hörsel, syn och känsel men få studier har undersökt lukt känsligheten. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att få en djupare förståelse för luktfunktioner hos vuxna med ASD.16 deltagare med ASD (14 kontroller) testades i luktkänslighet, fri- och stödd luktidentifiering. Samtliga deltagare självskattade även den upplevda luktkänslighet samt genomgick ett screeningtest för autism, The adult spectrum quotient, AQ. Lukt känslighet, fri och stödd luktidentifikation skiljde sig inte åt mellan de båda grupperna Självskattning av luktfunktioner korrelerade signifikant positivt med AQ poäng vilket visar att personer med högre grad av ASD också upplevde sig som mer luktkänsliga. Föreliggande resultat påvisade att personer med högre AQ-poäng upplevde att de hade en känsligare luktfunktion. Dock reflekterades denna självskattade känslighet inte i de standardiserade lukttesten där inga signifikanta skillnader mellan ASD och kontroller i luktfunktioner påvisades. / Previous research has shown that individuals with a diagnosis within the autism spectrum (ASD) experience a greater sensory sensitivity, but few studies have investigated the olfaction sensitivity. The aim of the present study is to gain a deeper understanding of the olfactory functions in adults with ASD.16 participants with ASD (14 controls) participated in the study where sniffin sticks were used to evaluate the differences between the groups. All participants answered a questionnaire about perceived olfaction sensitivity and the adult spectrum quotient; AQ. Olfactory discrimination and identification (with and without cue) did not differ between the groups, as for olfaction sensitivity, perceived pleasantness, intensity and edibility. When it came to self-assessed olfactory sensitivity, differences were found. However, this self-rated sensitivity did not appear in the standardized odor tests, where no significant differences between ASD and controls odor features were detected.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeandsonRFL_Ate_ cap6.pdf: 2182746 bytes, checksum: 25783c90c53780b39921fc195504a37c (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998-10-27 / This MSc dissertation presents the results of a research carried out in a 500 km2 area in the N?sia Floresta county. The main goal of the research was to evaluate fault influence on hidrology features of aquifers and lakes, mainly in the Barreiras Group and in the Bonfim lake cluster respectively. The Precambrian crystalline basement is made of Caic? Complex rocks. They are capped by cretaceous sedimentary rocks and by cenozoic sedimentary rocks. Only the latter outcrop in the study area, wheareas the former are described in boreholes. Faults cut across all stratigraphic units and their main trends are NW, NE and E-W, which have been generated by E-W compression. Subordinate N-S trending faults also take place and have been generated by N-S oriented compression. Fault controlled hydrologic features are observed throughout the study area. There are sudden changes in saturated thicknesses of the Barreiras Aquifer due to vertical displacement of the Barreiras Group. The most important underground water source of the Bonfim Lake is related to abrupt thickness changes of the aquifer. In addition, the main faults control the underground drainage network and, probably, change in direction of equipotential surfaces seen on the potenciometric map. Regarding the surface hydrologic features, faults also control river and stream channels, as well as lake origin and shapes. The Bonfim Lake, in particular, has its peculiar shape, which follows NW and NE lineaments, and origin related to faulting and probably underground carstics processes / Esta disserta??o apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida numa ?rea com cerca de 500 km2, a maior parte situada no munic?pio de N?sia Floresta-RN. O objetivo central ? avaliar as influ?ncias da estrutura??o regional na hidrologia dos terrenos sedimentares cenoz?icos, com destaque especial para o Aq??fero Barreiras e o sistema lacustre do Bonfim. Foi adotado uma metodologia fundamentada no emprego de t?cnicas geof?sicas (gravimetria e eletro-resistividade) e estruturais. A estratigrafia da ?rea ? constitu?da pelo embasamento cristalino Pr?-Cambriano, correlato ao Complexo Caic?, sotoposto a sedimentos cret?cicos e capeados por unidades estratigr?ficas cenoz?icas, na qual apenas estas ?ltimas s?o aflorantes. O arcabou?o tectono-estrutural ? formado por uma complexa estrutura??o regional, caracterizada em tr?s dire??es principais: NW, NE e E-W, aproximadamente, al?m de uma quarta dire??o, menos expressiva, com orienta??o geral N-S. Esta estrutura??o representa o resultado da atua??o de um campo de tens?es com compress?o e distens?o m?ximas em E-W e N-S, respectivamente, ? exce??o do trend N-S que est? associado a uma compress?o N-S. As conseq??ncias dos falhamentos na hidrologia subterr?nea s?o evidenciadas, principalmente, pela exist?ncia de varia??es bruscas da espessura saturada do Aq??fero Barreiras, decorrente do deslocamento vertical de blocos estruturais nestes falhamentos. Em particular, a oeste da Lagoa do Bonfim, mostrou-se que a principal frente de alimenta??o subterr?nea da lagoa est? associada a um aumento brusco da espessura do aq??fero decorrente dos rejeitos verticais de duas falhas. As estruturas s?o respons?veis ainda pelos limites da drenagem subterr?nea e, provavelmente, por inflex?es das superf?cies equipotenciais no mapa potenciom?trico da ?rea. No ?mbito da hidrologia superficial, os falhamentos condicionam os cursos de rios e riachos (anomalias hidrogr?ficas), limites superficiais e padr?es da rede de drenagem, assim como as formas e g?neses das principais lagoas da ?rea. A Lagoa do Bonfim, particularmente, possui sua g?nese e evolu??o relacionada ? a??o de duas estruturas, ressaltada pela forma ex?tica de seu espelho d ?gua (alongado segundo as dire??es NW e NE das referidas falhas), somada ? prov?vel intera??o com processos c?rsticos na seq??ncia carbon?tica mesoz?ica

Föreliggande arbete är en experimentell studie som genomfördes vid Spädbarnslabbet, Uppsala Universitet. Undersökningsgruppen bestod av 10-månader gamla barn (n=33) och deras föräldrar. På en dataskärm fick barnen titta på stimuli i form av ljuspunktsanimering av mänsklig rörelse. Barnens titt-tid och pupilldilation registrerades. Det finns i tidigare forskningsresultat belägg för att normalutvecklade barn har en känslighet för biologisk rörelse men detta är inte tidigare studerat med hjälp av pupillometri. I studien ingick också att föräldrarna till barnen i undersökningsgruppen fyllde i ett självskattningsformulär för symtom inom autismspektrum. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om små barns känslighet för biologisk rörelse går att mäta med pupillometri samt att kartlägga om individuella skillnader i känslighet för biologisk rörelse var relaterat till graden av symtom inom autismspektrum hos föräldrarna. Hypoteserna som testades var dels att barnen i undersökningsgruppen var känsliga för biologisk rörelse och att detta skulle visa sig i termer av pupilldilation dels att det skulle finnas ett negativt samband mellan föräldrars självskattning av symtom inom autismspektrum och deras barns känslighet för biologisk rörelse. Resultaten visade att barngruppen som helhet var känslig för biologisk rörelse och att pupillometri var ett användbart mätinstrument för att mäta detta. Resultaten visade inte något samband mellan barnens känslighet för biologisk rörelse och föräldrarnas självskattade symtom inom autismspektrumområdet. Vi fann däremot ett oväntat negativt samband mellan barnens känslighet för biologisk rörelse och familjens socioekonomiska status.   Slutsatsen av denna studie är att pupillometri är en användbar datainsamlingsmetod för att studera små barns känslighet för biologisk rörelse. Något negativt samband mellan barnens känslighet för biologisk rörelse och föräldrarnas symtom inom autismspektrum framkom inte denna studie.

Class of 2013 Abstract / Specific Aims: To determine if melanoma cells are more vulnerable to Amodiaquine (AQ) or Lumefantrine (LF)-based artemisinin combination therapy compared to artemisinin monotherapy. Methods: Tested anti-malarials in vitro for anti-melanoma activity, which contained 100,000 of the A375 human metastatic melanoma cells that were repeatedly treated independently three times. Main Results: Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) monotherapy induced significant cell death in melanoma cells. However, artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) did not enhance DHA-induced cell death. AQ protected against DHA-induced cell death causing morphological changes detected by electron microscopy. As for LF, it did not affect DHA-induced cell death. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that ACT does not display enhanced anti-melanoma activity compared to artemisinin monotherapy. It suggests that AQ may have anti-oxidant properties, but would need to be explored further in the context of anti-oxidant cyto-protection.

No description available.

La production de copies littéraires connaît un important développement à Chirâz en Iran sous la dynastie des Turkmènes Aq Qoyyûnlû entre 1467 et 1503. Peut-on cerner des caractéristiques de cette production ? Se différencie-t-elle de celles d’autres centres contemporains, notamment Tabrîz et Hérât ? En examinant un corpus de soixante manuscrits datés, cette étude vise à analyser les différentes composantes du codex de Chirâz (papier, mise en page et réglure, écritures, reliure, …) ainsi que les décors (enluminures et illustrations) mis en œuvre afin d’en dégager les spécificités. Héritiers de la tradition de livres décorés timourides, des artisans du livre deviennent les experts de ce qu’il convient une production en série d’items finement calligraphiés, toujours enluminés et souvent ornés d’illustrations. La présente étude permet de montrer l’évolution d’une production de cour à une conception de copies par des ateliers privés, à un moment où la gestion du pouvoir passe d’un système princier à un gouvernorat de généraux turkmènes vers 1480. Cette période est alors marquée par des changements visuels importants, notamment l’usage d’un style particulier d’écriture nasta‘lîq, employé par les copistes de la ville, des formes d’enluminures stéréotypées, ainsi que l’emploi de styles de peintures qualifiés de « commerciaux ». Il en résulte une forte identité visuelle des manuscrits réalisés à Chirâz dans le dernier tiers du XVe siècle, qui sont largement exportés à travers le monde iranien. La pérennité sera assurée au cours du siècle suivant sous la dynastie safavide par les mêmes familles d’artisans, mais aussi sur une plus grande échelle, dans le domaine ottoman notamment. / The production of belletristic copies encountered an important development in the city of Shiraz in Iran between 1467 and 1503. Is it possible to determine characteristics of this production? Are differences visible with manuscripts made in other centres, such as Tabriz and Herat? By examining a corpus of sixty dated manuscripts, this study aims to analyse the physical components of the Shiraz codex (paper, layout and ruling, binding…) as well as decorations (illuminations and illustrations) in order to identify specificities.The book craftsmen inherited their skills and the styles they use from the former Timurid period. They specialized in a mass production of neatly copied items, always adorned with illuminations, and often illustrated. The present research underlines the interactions between this manuscript production and the historical events in Shiraz, in a time when the governorate of Turkmen generals replaced the rule of the prince. The transfer of production from the court atelier to private workshops echoes this change of power. At the same time profound visual changes distinguish the book production, notably a peculiar writing style of nasta‘lîq, only used by Shiraz copyists, as well as stereotyped forms of illuminations and various “commercial” styles of paintings.As a result, a strong visual identity characterises the Chiraz manuscripts. As they were exported to various parts of the Persianate sphere, they had a strong impact on local productions, notably in the Ottoman realm. Furthermore, the same artisans families in Shiraz ensured the permanency of Aq Qoyyunlu models in the first third of the 16th century under the Safavid dynasty.

<p>Detta examensarbete genomfördes från begäran av två företag, Pöyry Sweden AB, Karlstad och Kiram AB. Arbetet var uppdelat i två delar, en litteraturstudie samt en experimentell del. I litteraturstudien kartlades olika processer för framställning av dissolvingmassa och olika processer för beredning av viskosfiber. Utöver det sammanställdes även några av de ledande aktörerna av joniska vätskor samt applikationer för cellulosabaserade produkter. Fokus genom hela arbetet har legat på svavelfria processer som t.ex. användandet av joniska vätskor för upplösning av cellulosa. I den experimentella delen undersöktes det om man via en förhydrolys följt av ett soda-AQ kok, en svavelfri process, kunde producera dissolvingmassa. Utöver produktion av dissolvingmassa undersöktes också filtratet som drogs av efter förhydrolysen.</p><p>Under den experimentella delen varierades olika parametrar för att se hur det påverkade kvaliteten av massan. De parametrar som varierades vid förhydrolysförsöken var tid och antrakinon (AQ), för soda-AQ koket varierades tid, AQ och effektiv alkali (EA) halt. För ett förhydrolysförsök varierades även vätske/vedförhållandet. Vilka betingelser som skulle användas samt de mål som skulle uppnås fick man fram under litteraturstudien.</p><p>För att nå målet med ett utbyte på ca 85 % efter förhydrolysen krävdes en temperatur på 160°C och tid på 1 timme för en förhydrolys med enbart vatten. Hypotesen om att en AQ tillsats redan vid förhydrolysen skulle sänka utbytet visades inte stämma, man fick då istället ett ökat utbyte. Målet för massorna efter soda-AQ koket var ett utbyte på ca 40 %, ett kappatal runt 30 och en viskositet > 1000 ml/g. Utförde man en förhydrolys som beskrivits ovan följt av ett soda-AQ kok med dessa betingelser: temperatur 160°C, tid ≥ 2 h, EA sats > 21 % och en AQ halt ≥ 1 kg/ton, fick man en dissolvingmassa som uppfyllde kraven.</p><p>Kolhydratanalysen på filtratet visade att mestadels glukomannan brutits ner och lösts ut under förhydrolysen. Däremot skedde det ingen nedbrytning av cellulosa. Utförde man förhydrolysen på ett sådant sätt som beskrivits ovan bröt man ner en hemicellulosa mängd på ca 72 kg/ton flis. Det får ses som en ganska rejäl mängd eftersom man enbart använder vatten under förhydrolysen.</p> / <p>This project was carried out on a request from two companies, Pöyry Sweden AB, Karlstad and Kiram AB. The work was divided in two parts, one literature study and one experimental part. In the literature study different processes for production of dissolving pulp and different processes for viscose preparation were identified. Besides that, some of the lending companies of ionic liquids and some applications of cellulose based products were compiled. The main focus throughout this work has been on processes without sulfur, for an example the use of ionic liquids for dissolving cellulose. In the experimental part, dissolving pulp production by a prehydrolysis followed by a soda-AQ cooking was investigated. The filtrate gained from the prehydrolysis was also examined.</p><p>In the dissolving pulp production different parameters for the prehydrolysis and cooking stage were alternated. For the prehydrolysis the following parameters were varied: time and concentration of anthraquinone and for the cooking stage the parameters time, EA and concentration of anthraquinone. In one experiment the liquid to wood ratio was varied. The conditions that would be used and the target of the experimental work were received from the literature study.</p><p>To reach the target yield of approximately 85 % after an prehydrolysis, with water, the following conditions were required, a temperature of 160°C and a time of 1 hour. The hypothesis that an AQ additive, already in the prehydrolysis, should lowered the yield proved to be wrong. The target for the dissolving pulps after a soda-AQ cooking were a yield of ~ 40 %, a kappa number around 30 and finally a viscosity > 1000 ml/g. A soda-AQ cooking with these conditions: temperature 160°C, time ≥ 2 h, EA > 21 % and an AQ conc. ≥ 1 kg/ton, after a prehydrolysis, mentioned above, resulted in a pulp which achieved the targets.</p><p>The carbohydrate analysis on the filtrate showed that mostly glucomannan was settled out during the prehydrolysis. It also showed that no cellulose was settled out. A result after a prehydrolysis like the one mentioned above was that the amount of hemicellulose was reduced with ~ 72 kg/ton wood.</p>

Detta examensarbete genomfördes från begäran av två företag, Pöyry Sweden AB, Karlstad och Kiram AB. Arbetet var uppdelat i två delar, en litteraturstudie samt en experimentell del. I litteraturstudien kartlades olika processer för framställning av dissolvingmassa och olika processer för beredning av viskosfiber. Utöver det sammanställdes även några av de ledande aktörerna av joniska vätskor samt applikationer för cellulosabaserade produkter. Fokus genom hela arbetet har legat på svavelfria processer som t.ex. användandet av joniska vätskor för upplösning av cellulosa. I den experimentella delen undersöktes det om man via en förhydrolys följt av ett soda-AQ kok, en svavelfri process, kunde producera dissolvingmassa. Utöver produktion av dissolvingmassa undersöktes också filtratet som drogs av efter förhydrolysen. Under den experimentella delen varierades olika parametrar för att se hur det påverkade kvaliteten av massan. De parametrar som varierades vid förhydrolysförsöken var tid och antrakinon (AQ), för soda-AQ koket varierades tid, AQ och effektiv alkali (EA) halt. För ett förhydrolysförsök varierades även vätske/vedförhållandet. Vilka betingelser som skulle användas samt de mål som skulle uppnås fick man fram under litteraturstudien. För att nå målet med ett utbyte på ca 85 % efter förhydrolysen krävdes en temperatur på 160°C och tid på 1 timme för en förhydrolys med enbart vatten. Hypotesen om att en AQ tillsats redan vid förhydrolysen skulle sänka utbytet visades inte stämma, man fick då istället ett ökat utbyte. Målet för massorna efter soda-AQ koket var ett utbyte på ca 40 %, ett kappatal runt 30 och en viskositet &gt; 1000 ml/g. Utförde man en förhydrolys som beskrivits ovan följt av ett soda-AQ kok med dessa betingelser: temperatur 160°C, tid ≥ 2 h, EA sats &gt; 21 % och en AQ halt ≥ 1 kg/ton, fick man en dissolvingmassa som uppfyllde kraven. Kolhydratanalysen på filtratet visade att mestadels glukomannan brutits ner och lösts ut under förhydrolysen. Däremot skedde det ingen nedbrytning av cellulosa. Utförde man förhydrolysen på ett sådant sätt som beskrivits ovan bröt man ner en hemicellulosa mängd på ca 72 kg/ton flis. Det får ses som en ganska rejäl mängd eftersom man enbart använder vatten under förhydrolysen. / This project was carried out on a request from two companies, Pöyry Sweden AB, Karlstad and Kiram AB. The work was divided in two parts, one literature study and one experimental part. In the literature study different processes for production of dissolving pulp and different processes for viscose preparation were identified. Besides that, some of the lending companies of ionic liquids and some applications of cellulose based products were compiled. The main focus throughout this work has been on processes without sulfur, for an example the use of ionic liquids for dissolving cellulose. In the experimental part, dissolving pulp production by a prehydrolysis followed by a soda-AQ cooking was investigated. The filtrate gained from the prehydrolysis was also examined. In the dissolving pulp production different parameters for the prehydrolysis and cooking stage were alternated. For the prehydrolysis the following parameters were varied: time and concentration of anthraquinone and for the cooking stage the parameters time, EA and concentration of anthraquinone. In one experiment the liquid to wood ratio was varied. The conditions that would be used and the target of the experimental work were received from the literature study. To reach the target yield of approximately 85 % after an prehydrolysis, with water, the following conditions were required, a temperature of 160°C and a time of 1 hour. The hypothesis that an AQ additive, already in the prehydrolysis, should lowered the yield proved to be wrong. The target for the dissolving pulps after a soda-AQ cooking were a yield of ~ 40 %, a kappa number around 30 and finally a viscosity &gt; 1000 ml/g. A soda-AQ cooking with these conditions: temperature 160°C, time ≥ 2 h, EA &gt; 21 % and an AQ conc. ≥ 1 kg/ton, after a prehydrolysis, mentioned above, resulted in a pulp which achieved the targets. The carbohydrate analysis on the filtrate showed that mostly glucomannan was settled out during the prehydrolysis. It also showed that no cellulose was settled out. A result after a prehydrolysis like the one mentioned above was that the amount of hemicellulose was reduced with ~ 72 kg/ton wood.

Until the beginning of the 1900:th century the paper making process was handicraft. The paper machines that have been developed since then are as impressing in size as fascinating when it comes to the technique. The process has always been improved to give a better paper for lower costs, with as short manufacture time as possible. Stratified forming has been a reality since 1830. From the beginning it was applied to board and paperboard. Now it is also the most common method for making tissue and one paper mill in Austria use it for fine paper. Stratified forming can be categorized as separate forming or simultaneous forming. Separate forming means using several headboxes and sometimes even several wires. Simultaneous forming means using only one stratified headbox. This method has many advantages over separate forming, inter alia improved economy, quality, wood exchange and higher runability of the paper machine. Several experiments have been done with simultaneous forming of different fibres by placing a fibre with high bulk in the middle layer and a smooth fibre on the surface layers. The results has shown that by using this method both the bending stiffness and surface properties are improved, or a lower grammage paper is obtained with maintaining quality. Simultaneous forming can also be used to stratify fillers in layers where they are most efficient. In that way both paper quality and economy is improved. Simultaneous forming is also used for fractionated pulp. Fractionation means separating springwood fibre from summerwood fibre, and placing them in separate layers. Research results of fractionated pulp show about the same result as simultaneous forming of different fibres.

This thesis addresses aspects of voice characteristics in operatic and musical theatre singing. The common aim of the studies was to identify respiratory, phonatory and resonatory characteristics accounting for salient voice timbre differences between singing styles. The velopharyngeal opening (VPO) was analyzed in professional operatic singers, using nasofiberscopy. Differing shapes of VPOs suggested that singers may use a VPO to fine-tune the vocal tract resonance characteristics and hence voice timbre. A listening test revealed no correlation between rated nasal quality and the presence of a VPO. The voice quality referred to as “throaty”, a term sometimes used for characterizing speech and “non-classical” vocalists, was examined with respect to subglottal pressure (Psub) and formant frequencies. Vocal tract shapes were determined by magnetic resonance imaging. The throaty versions of four vowels showed a typical narrowing of the pharynx. Throatiness was characterized by increased first formant frequency and lowering of higher formants. Also, voice source parameter analyses suggested a hyper-functional voice production. Female musical theatre singers typically use two vocal registers (chest and head). Voice source parameters, including closed-quotient, peak-to-peak pulse amplitude, maximum flow declination rate, and normalized amplitude quotient (NAQ), were analyzed at ten equally spaced subglottal pressures representing a wide range of vocal loudness. Chest register showed higher values in all glottal parameters except for NAQ. Operatic baritone singer voices were analyzed in order to explore the informative power of the amplitude quotient (AQ), and its normalized version NAQ, suggested to reflect glottal adduction. Differences in NAQ were found between fundamental frequency values while AQ was basically unaffected. Voice timbre differs between musical theatre and operatic singers. Measurements of voice source parameters as functions of subglottal pressure, covering a wide range of vocal loudness, showed that both groups varied Psub systematically. The musical theatre singers used somewhat higher pressures, produced higher sound pressure levels, and did not show the opera singers’ characteristic clustering of higher formants. Musical theatre and operatic singers show highly controlled and consistent behaviors, characteristic for each style. A common feature is the precise control of subglottal pressure, while laryngeal and vocal tract conditions differ between singing styles. In addition, opera singers tend to sing with a stronger voice source fundamental than musical theatre singers. / <p>QC 20100812</p>