Maternal exposure to viral and bacterial infection during pregnancy is associated with fetal dysmorphology and neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia, cerebral palsy, autism and mental retardation. Previous studies in our laboratory using an established mouse model of endotoxin-induced fetal dysmorphology have led to the hypothesis that birth defects caused by infections during pregnancy are the result of fetal zinc deficiency resulting from the induction of a zinc-binding protein, metallothionein (MT) in the maternal liver as part of the maternal inflammatory response. Thus, we predicted that zinc deficiency would exacerbate the negative fetal outcomes caused by bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and that zinc supplementation would protect against LPS-mediated teratogenicity. This premise was investigated herein and was extended to investigate underlying molecular mechanism, including the identification of markers of neurodevelopmental damage following LPS administration in early and late pregnancy, and to determine the influence of zinc treatment on any changes in expression of these markers. In Chapter 2 it was demonstrated that prenatal exposure to LPS on gestational day (GD) 8 resulted in the development of physical birth defects including exencephaly, microcephaly, cleft lip and or palate, and micrognathia in GD 18 fetuses. Dietary zinc supplementation throughout pregnancy was found to prevent the LPS-related abnormalities. Furthermore, low dietary zinc and LPS exposure were found to be synergistic on teratogenicity. In addition, an inverse linear relationship was observed between the concentration of zinc in the diet and teratogenicity with a reduction in the incidence of birth defects observed with increasing concentration of dietary zinc, a finding suggesting that even small increments of zinc above normal dietary intake are likely to have a beneficial impact on teratogenicity. Maternal infection during late pregnancy has also been linked with prenatal brain damage. A major causal link underpinning this relationship is thought to be the cytokines released following a maternal inflammatory response to infection. In Chapter 3, the presence of cytokines released in response to LPS given on GD 16 was demonstrated by an increased number of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-!)-reactive cells and astrogliosis accompanied by extensive apoptotic cell death in GD 18 fetal brain. Recently our laboratory has reported that dietary zinc supplementation throughout pregnancy, prevented impairments in object recognition memory in offspring from dams exposed to prenatal LPS on GD 8. The question arises as to whether zinc is protective against LPS-exposure in late pregnancy. In Chapter 3, it is further demonstrated that LPS-induced brain injury was prevented by concurrent zinc treatment at the time of LPS exposure. In Chapter 4, the expression of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) mRNA was identified as a marker of changes occurring in the fetus as a result of LPS exposure in early pregnancy. ADNP has been found to be essential for organogenesis and is a sensitive indicator of brain injury. Here it was demonstrated that LPS caused a rapid increase in embryonic ADNP expression, which was highly significant 24 hours after exposure. Whether the elevation in ADNP expression is in response to inflammatory damage or is induced by cytokines released by the maternal inflammatory response is not clear. However, a major finding of the study is that concomitant zinc treatment prevented the LPS-induced increase in ADNP activity. The mechanism of protection by zinc is presumed to be centred on preventing the fall in plasma zinc and associated fetal zinc deficiency caused by LPS induction of MT, but may also include MT-independent actions of zinc including prevention of apoptosis and oxidative damage, or enhance tissue repair processes. Taken together the findings in this thesis support earlier evidence that maternal MTmediated transient fetal zinc deficiency in early pregnancy underpins LPS-induced teratogenicity. This is the first study to demonstrate that this mechanism may also apply to LPS-induced neurodevelopmental damage in early and late pregnancy. However, further studies are warranted to discriminate between the influence of MT and that of other inflammatory reactants (e.g. cytokines) on LPS-mediated damage late in pregnancy. The major finding of the thesis is that zinc treatment (either given subcutaneously with LPS or as dietary zinc supplementation throughout pregnancy) prevents the negative fetal outcomes including neurodevelopmental damage caused by prenatal exposure to LPS. This finding highlights the importance of zinc nutrition in pregnancy and the benefits that might be gained as a potential prophylactic treatment to minimise fetal damage caused by infections during pregnancy. / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, 2009

Maternal exposure to viral and bacterial infection during pregnancy is associated with fetal dysmorphology and neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia, cerebral palsy, autism and mental retardation. Previous studies in our laboratory using an established mouse model of endotoxin-induced fetal dysmorphology have led to the hypothesis that birth defects caused by infections during pregnancy are the result of fetal zinc deficiency resulting from the induction of a zinc-binding protein, metallothionein (MT) in the maternal liver as part of the maternal inflammatory response. Thus, we predicted that zinc deficiency would exacerbate the negative fetal outcomes caused by bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and that zinc supplementation would protect against LPS-mediated teratogenicity. This premise was investigated herein and was extended to investigate underlying molecular mechanism, including the identification of markers of neurodevelopmental damage following LPS administration in early and late pregnancy, and to determine the influence of zinc treatment on any changes in expression of these markers. In Chapter 2 it was demonstrated that prenatal exposure to LPS on gestational day (GD) 8 resulted in the development of physical birth defects including exencephaly, microcephaly, cleft lip and or palate, and micrognathia in GD 18 fetuses. Dietary zinc supplementation throughout pregnancy was found to prevent the LPS-related abnormalities. Furthermore, low dietary zinc and LPS exposure were found to be synergistic on teratogenicity. In addition, an inverse linear relationship was observed between the concentration of zinc in the diet and teratogenicity with a reduction in the incidence of birth defects observed with increasing concentration of dietary zinc, a finding suggesting that even small increments of zinc above normal dietary intake are likely to have a beneficial impact on teratogenicity. Maternal infection during late pregnancy has also been linked with prenatal brain damage. A major causal link underpinning this relationship is thought to be the cytokines released following a maternal inflammatory response to infection. In Chapter 3, the presence of cytokines released in response to LPS given on GD 16 was demonstrated by an increased number of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-!)-reactive cells and astrogliosis accompanied by extensive apoptotic cell death in GD 18 fetal brain. Recently our laboratory has reported that dietary zinc supplementation throughout pregnancy, prevented impairments in object recognition memory in offspring from dams exposed to prenatal LPS on GD 8. The question arises as to whether zinc is protective against LPS-exposure in late pregnancy. In Chapter 3, it is further demonstrated that LPS-induced brain injury was prevented by concurrent zinc treatment at the time of LPS exposure. In Chapter 4, the expression of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) mRNA was identified as a marker of changes occurring in the fetus as a result of LPS exposure in early pregnancy. ADNP has been found to be essential for organogenesis and is a sensitive indicator of brain injury. Here it was demonstrated that LPS caused a rapid increase in embryonic ADNP expression, which was highly significant 24 hours after exposure. Whether the elevation in ADNP expression is in response to inflammatory damage or is induced by cytokines released by the maternal inflammatory response is not clear. However, a major finding of the study is that concomitant zinc treatment prevented the LPS-induced increase in ADNP activity. The mechanism of protection by zinc is presumed to be centred on preventing the fall in plasma zinc and associated fetal zinc deficiency caused by LPS induction of MT, but may also include MT-independent actions of zinc including prevention of apoptosis and oxidative damage, or enhance tissue repair processes. Taken together the findings in this thesis support earlier evidence that maternal MTmediated transient fetal zinc deficiency in early pregnancy underpins LPS-induced teratogenicity. This is the first study to demonstrate that this mechanism may also apply to LPS-induced neurodevelopmental damage in early and late pregnancy. However, further studies are warranted to discriminate between the influence of MT and that of other inflammatory reactants (e.g. cytokines) on LPS-mediated damage late in pregnancy. The major finding of the thesis is that zinc treatment (either given subcutaneously with LPS or as dietary zinc supplementation throughout pregnancy) prevents the negative fetal outcomes including neurodevelopmental damage caused by prenatal exposure to LPS. This finding highlights the importance of zinc nutrition in pregnancy and the benefits that might be gained as a potential prophylactic treatment to minimise fetal damage caused by infections during pregnancy. / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, 2009

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar como os discursos de diferentes campos de saber se relacionam para colocar em funcionamento a inclusão escolar no município de Novo Hamburgo/ RS e quais as praticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas para trabalhar com os anormais na escola. Para tanto, utilizo os estudos foucaultianos selecionando algumas ferramentas analíticas tais como governamentalidade, normalização, inclusão e exclusão. Analiso os discursos coletados a partir de fichas de encaminhamentos, questionários preenchidos pelos especialistas e entrevistas realizadas com os professores. Debruçando-me sobre este material empírico, destaco a articulação existente entre saberes distintos - morais, psicológicos, médicos e pedagógicos - que operam sobre os sujeitos de diferentes formas com o intuito de conduzir suas condutas no caminho do bem e da ordem. Com a analítica desenvolvida percebi um conjunto de efeitos produzidos por tais saberes. 1) Moralizaccio dos infantis - discursos relacionados ao comportamento dos alunos que objetivam produzir uma forma de ser, agir e se conduzir no mundo baseada em determinados princípios morais. A partir da descrição dos professores foi possível construir três grupos de alunos anormais: os "potencialmente criminosos", os "instauradores d o caos" e os sujeitos "(in)cômodos". 2) Fortalecimento dos discursos psi - discursos vinculados ao campo de saber da psicologia que utilizam técnicas como a arte, a dança, a expressão, exercidas pelos especialistas, como rituais de confissão com objetivo de "desvendar a subjetividade infantil" e produzir nos alunos uma "autotransformação de si". 3) Medicalização da anormalidade - partindo do discurso cientifico, o saber medico ao conhecer e nomear os sujeitos anormais os classifica por meio de laudos e diagnósticos e, ao mesmo tempo, coloca em funcionamento técnicas de normalização que operam através do use de medicamentos e dos atendimentos sistemáticos oferecidos aos alunos. 4) Expressão contemporeinea do discurso pedagógico - o saber pedagógico constitui-se em um espaço entremeado por outros saberes e sustentado principalmente pelas ciências psi. A "pulverização das intervenções educativas", a "centralização do aluno" e a "descentralização do professor" podem ser consideradas algumas das formas contemporâneas da expressão do saber pedagógico. Em síntese, a partir da articulação existente entre esses saberes e principalmente da forma com operam sobre os sujeitos, pude compreender a inclusão escolar como uma estratégia da governamentalidade que toma os indivíduos como instrumentos produtivos para a preservação da ordem social e para a manutenção da seguridade da população. / This paper aims to examine how the discourses of different fields of knowledge relate to re-run school inclusion in the city of Novo Hamburgo / RS and which teaching practices developed to work with the abnormal in school. Therefore, I use Foucault studies selecting some analytical tools such as governmentality, normalization, inclusion and exclusion. Analyze the discourses collected from records of referrals, questionnaires completed by experts and interviews with teachers. Turning me on this empirical issue is the relationship between different knowledge - moral, psychological, medical and educational - that operate on the subject in different ways in order to drive their conduct in the path of goodness and order. With the developed analytical noticed a set of effects of such knowledge. 1) Moralisation of children - discourses related to the behavior of students who aim to produce a form of being, act and conduct themselves in the world based on certain moral principles. From the description of the teachers could build three groups of students identified: the "potentially criminal", the "brought chaos" and "subjects that incommode." 2) Strengthening of psi discourses - discourses related to the field of psychology to know that use techniques such as art, dance, expression, performed by specialists, such as rituals of confession in order to "uncover the child subjectivity" and the students produce a "self-transformation of itself." 3) Medicalization of abnormality - on the scientific discourse, the medical knowledge to know and name the subject classifies the abnormal through reports and diagnoses at the same time, put in place technical standards that operate through the use of drugs and systematic care offered to students. 4) Expression of contemporary pedagogical discourse - the pedagogical knowledge is in an area interspersed with other knowledge and sustained mainly by science psi. A "spray of educational interventions," the "centralization of student" and "decentralization of the teacher" can be considered some of the contemporary forms of expression of pedagogical knowledge. In summary, based on the linkage between the knowledge and especially with the way they operate on the subject, I understand inclusive education as a strategy of governmentality that takes individuals as productive tools for the preservation of social order and maintaining security population.

A morfologia espermática está entre as maiores causas de descarte de reprodutores nas centrais de difusão genética e, quando identificada precocemente, significa uma redução nos custos com reprodutores ociosos. O estudo objetivou avaliar a possibilidade de utilização de características testiculares (consistência à palpação manual, consistência à tonometria – tônus, ecogenicidade da imagem ultrassonográfica - em pixels, e heterogeneidade da ecogenicidade – em pixels) na identificação de reprodutores suínos com baixa qualidade de morfologia espermática. Foram avaliados 402 machos com idade média de 18,5 ± 8,8 meses, de cinco centrais de difusão genética. A avaliação espermática foi utilizada como critério de aptidão, sendo considerados aptos os reprodutores com menos de 20% de defeitos espermáticos, não ultrapassando o limite de 5% para defeitos de cabeça, acrossoma, colo e peça intermediária e 10% para defeitos de cauda (dobrada ou enrolada) e gota citoplasmática proximal. A porcentagem de animais aptos segundo a morfologia espermática foi de 71,9%. O tônus teve correlação positiva (P≤ 0,05) moderada com a consistência à palpação manual (r= 0,64). A heterogeneidade testicular foi fracamente correlacionada com a ecogenicidade (r= 0,39; P≤ 0,05) e com o percentual de anormalidades espermáticas (r= 0,11). Foram comparados os valores das características testiculares entre machos considerados aptos e inaptos, sendo a média de tônus inferior nos machos aptos (P= 0,04). A possível associação das características testiculares com o percentual de defeitos espermáticos foi analisada por regressão logística, incluindo as características (consistência à palpação manual, tônus, ecogenicidade e heterogeneidade do parênquima testicular) como variáveis contínuas ou classificatórias. A partir dos valores obtidos, foram criadas 4 classes de consistência à palpação e de tônus e 5 classes de ecogenicidade e heterogeneidade do parênquima testicular. Foi obtido um ponto de corte de 5,03mm, baseado no tônus testicular, para discriminar animais aptos e inaptos e maiores valores de tônus (variável contínua) diminuíram a chance dos machos serem aptos, no entanto, com baixo poder discriminatório (AUC= 0,66). A probabilidade de ocorrência de aptidão tendeu a ser menor na classe de tônus 4 (P= 0,07). Menores valores de tônus estão associados à maior porcentagem de normalidades espermáticas em suínos, auxiliando na identificação de animais com alta qualidade espermática. / Sperm morphology is an important cause of male culling in boar studs and if early detected may lead to a reduction on costs of exceeded males. The study aimed to evaluate the possibility for using testicular traits (testicular consistency by manual palpation and consistency by tonometry – tone, echogenicity by ultrasonography - pixels and heterogeneity of the echogenicity – pixels) on the identification of boars with high sperm morphology quality. Sperm evaluation was used as criteria for breeding soundness, being considered as satisfactory boars with less than 20% of total sperm abnormalities, with an upper limit of 5% head, acrosome, neck and mid piece defects and 10% of tail (coiled and bent) e proximal cytoplasmic droplet. The percentage of satisfactory boars was 71.9%. Tone was positively correlated (P≤ 0.05) with consistency by manual palpation (r= 0.64). Testicular heterogeneity was weakly correlated (P≤ 0.05) with echogenicity (r= 0.39) and with percentage of sperm abnormalities (r= 0.11). It was compared the values of testicular traits between satisfactory and unsatisfactory boars, and a lower mean of tone was found on satisfactory boars (P= 0.04). The possible association of testicular traits with the percentage of sperm defects was analyzed by logistic regression, including the traits (consistency by manual palpation, tone, echogenicity and heterogeneity) as continuous and categorical variables. Considering the values obtained, 4 classes were created for consistency by manual palpation and tone and 5 classes were created for echogenicity and heterogeneity of the testicular parenchyma. It was obtained a cut-off value of 5.03mm, based on testicular tone, to discriminate satisfactory and unsatisfactory boars and higher values of tone (as continuous variable) decreased the chance of boars to be satisfactory, however with low discriminatory power (AUC= 0.66). The probability of occurrence of satisfactory boars tended to be lower on class 4 of tone (P= 0.07). Lower values of tone are associated with higher percentage of sperm normality, contributing to the identification of boars with high sperm quality.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar como os discursos de diferentes campos de saber se relacionam para colocar em funcionamento a inclusão escolar no município de Novo Hamburgo/ RS e quais as praticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas para trabalhar com os anormais na escola. Para tanto, utilizo os estudos foucaultianos selecionando algumas ferramentas analíticas tais como governamentalidade, normalização, inclusão e exclusão. Analiso os discursos coletados a partir de fichas de encaminhamentos, questionários preenchidos pelos especialistas e entrevistas realizadas com os professores. Debruçando-me sobre este material empírico, destaco a articulação existente entre saberes distintos - morais, psicológicos, médicos e pedagógicos - que operam sobre os sujeitos de diferentes formas com o intuito de conduzir suas condutas no caminho do bem e da ordem. Com a analítica desenvolvida percebi um conjunto de efeitos produzidos por tais saberes. 1) Moralizaccio dos infantis - discursos relacionados ao comportamento dos alunos que objetivam produzir uma forma de ser, agir e se conduzir no mundo baseada em determinados princípios morais. A partir da descrição dos professores foi possível construir três grupos de alunos anormais: os "potencialmente criminosos", os "instauradores d o caos" e os sujeitos "(in)cômodos". 2) Fortalecimento dos discursos psi - discursos vinculados ao campo de saber da psicologia que utilizam técnicas como a arte, a dança, a expressão, exercidas pelos especialistas, como rituais de confissão com objetivo de "desvendar a subjetividade infantil" e produzir nos alunos uma "autotransformação de si". 3) Medicalização da anormalidade - partindo do discurso cientifico, o saber medico ao conhecer e nomear os sujeitos anormais os classifica por meio de laudos e diagnósticos e, ao mesmo tempo, coloca em funcionamento técnicas de normalização que operam através do use de medicamentos e dos atendimentos sistemáticos oferecidos aos alunos. 4) Expressão contemporeinea do discurso pedagógico - o saber pedagógico constitui-se em um espaço entremeado por outros saberes e sustentado principalmente pelas ciências psi. A "pulverização das intervenções educativas", a "centralização do aluno" e a "descentralização do professor" podem ser consideradas algumas das formas contemporâneas da expressão do saber pedagógico. Em síntese, a partir da articulação existente entre esses saberes e principalmente da forma com operam sobre os sujeitos, pude compreender a inclusão escolar como uma estratégia da governamentalidade que toma os indivíduos como instrumentos produtivos para a preservação da ordem social e para a manutenção da seguridade da população. / This paper aims to examine how the discourses of different fields of knowledge relate to re-run school inclusion in the city of Novo Hamburgo / RS and which teaching practices developed to work with the abnormal in school. Therefore, I use Foucault studies selecting some analytical tools such as governmentality, normalization, inclusion and exclusion. Analyze the discourses collected from records of referrals, questionnaires completed by experts and interviews with teachers. Turning me on this empirical issue is the relationship between different knowledge - moral, psychological, medical and educational - that operate on the subject in different ways in order to drive their conduct in the path of goodness and order. With the developed analytical noticed a set of effects of such knowledge. 1) Moralisation of children - discourses related to the behavior of students who aim to produce a form of being, act and conduct themselves in the world based on certain moral principles. From the description of the teachers could build three groups of students identified: the "potentially criminal", the "brought chaos" and "subjects that incommode." 2) Strengthening of psi discourses - discourses related to the field of psychology to know that use techniques such as art, dance, expression, performed by specialists, such as rituals of confession in order to "uncover the child subjectivity" and the students produce a "self-transformation of itself." 3) Medicalization of abnormality - on the scientific discourse, the medical knowledge to know and name the subject classifies the abnormal through reports and diagnoses at the same time, put in place technical standards that operate through the use of drugs and systematic care offered to students. 4) Expression of contemporary pedagogical discourse - the pedagogical knowledge is in an area interspersed with other knowledge and sustained mainly by science psi. A "spray of educational interventions," the "centralization of student" and "decentralization of the teacher" can be considered some of the contemporary forms of expression of pedagogical knowledge. In summary, based on the linkage between the knowledge and especially with the way they operate on the subject, I understand inclusive education as a strategy of governmentality that takes individuals as productive tools for the preservation of social order and maintaining security population.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:37:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 garcia_gzi_me_assis.pdf: 390967 bytes, checksum: 2375a21f584f73a7cecc80a013dc24a1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho propõe um exame dos discursos médico-psiquiátricos e institucionais a respeito da deficiência mental. Busca compreender como esse conceito foi forjado no interior de um campo perceptivo que engloba, entre outros, os saberes médico e pedagógico, e entender como se deu a prática de tutela da pessoa identificada como deficiente mental no Brasil pelas chamadas “escolas especiais”. O exame segue por dois caminhos que estão seriamente unificados: o dos discursos que envolvem a concepção de deficiência mental e o dos aspectos condicionantes que envolvem as práticas voltadas ao sujeito deficiente em suas relações recíprocas com as instituições de tutela. A genealogia, estratégia de análise inspirada em Michel Foucault, em cujos estudos nos referenciamos amplamente, foi o instrumento utilizado para evidenciar tais saberes e práticas. Sob a óptica adotada no presente trabalho, a deficiência mental é compreendida como produto dos processos que emanam do corpo social e não como um atributo individual. Considera-se também que a instituição de educação especial tem sido o principal lugar da prática onde se situam os discursos a respeito da deficiência; ela tem sido herdeira e mantenedora de saberes especializados que referendam não só a restrição social das pessoas identificadas como deficientes mentais como também a forma como as percebemos. Entre estes saberes reinam os discursos médico-psiquiátricos que, aliados à ação pedagógica, circunscrevem o sujeito da deficiência e o inscrevem num lugar social restrito. A pesquisa trouxe à tona estes discursos e práticas que envolvem a excepcionalidade e levantou argumentos que mostram que a participação intensa e crítica do deficiente mental no corpo social, entendida pelos discursos atuais como inclusão social, depende de significativas mudanças nos dispositivos e procedimentos normativos que regulam a sociedade atual. / This paper proposes an examination of medical-psychiatric and institutional speeches about the mental disabilities. It tries to understand how this concept was forged in a perceptive field that includes, among others, medical and educational knowledge and to understand as the practice of guardianship of the person identified as mentally deficient in Brazil calls for special schools happens. The review follows two paths that are seriously unified: the one of the speeches involving the conception of mental disability, and the one of the conditioning aspects involving the practices devoted to the deficient person and his reciprocal relations with the tutelar institutions. The genealogy, a strategy of analysis inspired by Michel Foucault, in whose studies we refer widely, was the instrument used to demonstrate such knowledge and practices. Under the view adopted in this work, mental disability is conceived as a product of processes that emanate from the society and not as an individual attribute. It is also understood that the special education institution has been the main place of practice where there are speeches about the disability; it has been heir and maintainer of specialized knowledge that approves not only the social restriction of people identified as mentally disabled as also the way we recognize them. Among this knowledge the medical-psychiatric speeches dominate that, together with the educational action, close the deficient person and put him in a restricted social place. The research has brought up these speeches and practices involving the exceptionality and raised arguments that show the intensive and critical participation of the mental deficient in society, understood by the speeches as social inclusion, depends on significant changes in regulatory mechanisms and normative procedures that govern the real society.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a caracterização das alterações radiográficas na articulação metacarpofalângica de cavalos que desenvolvem a modalidade de Três Tambores. Foram utilizados 30 animais oriundos dos Estados de São Paulo e Paraná, que participam desta modalidade e ao exame clínico apresentaram claudicação pós-flexão. Ao exame clínico foi observado que 13,3% (n=4) apresentaram claudicação espontânea (CE) e os demais somente após a flexão forçada. Entre os animais considerados foi constatada predominância de claudicação de grau II no membro anterior direito (MAD) e de grau I no membro anterior esquerdo (MAE). Ao exame radiográfico constatouse que 3,3% (n=1) não apresentaram anormalidades radiográficas. Dentre os demais animais observou-se incidência de: sesamoidite (S) (70%), havendo predominância de apresentação nos sesamóides laterais dos MAD; sinovite vilonodular (SV) (53,3%), com prevalência de apresentação dorsal de grau leve no MAE; osteoartrite (OA) (36%) prevalecendo formação de osteófito na face medial da falange proximal em MAD/MAE; osteocondrite dissecante (OCD) (13,3%) com predomínio de apresentação de fragmentos oriundos da porção dorsal proximal da crista sagital mediana em ambos os membros; capsulite (C) (13,3%) prevalente no MAE e edema de tecidos moles (ETM) (6,6%) distribuídos igualmente em ambos os membros. Esta modalidade de diagnóstico por imagem, apesar de bastante estabelecida, necessita de complementos do exame ultrasonográfico, no entanto proporcionou a criação de referências para Veterinários que trabalhem com claudicação em cavalos de Três Tambores. / Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the characterization of radiographic abnormalities at the metacarpophalangeal joint of Barrel Race horses. Thirty barrel race horses presenting lameness after joint forced flexion, originated from the states of São Paulo and Paraná were submitted into this study. At the clinical examination it was observed that 13,3% (n=4) exhibited spontaneous lameness (CE) and the other horses only after forced flexion. It was observed prevalence of grade II lameness from the right forelimb (MAD) and grade I lameness from the left forelimb (MAE). By the radiographic examination it was observed that 3,3% (n=1) did not show radiographic changes. Among the other horses, it was observed the following incidence: sesamoiditis (S) (70%), with predominance of presentation in the lateral sesamoid bones of the MAD; vilonodular synovitis (VS) (53,3%), with presentation prevalence at the proximal dorsal surface in the MAE; osteoarthritis (OA) (36%), exhibiting prevalence of osteophyte formation in the medial surface of the proximal falanx in MAD/MAE; osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) (13,3%) predominating presentation of osteochondral fragments originated of the dorsal proximal surface of the sagital ridge in both forelimbs; capsulitis (C) (13,3%) prevalent in the MAE and soft tissue edema (STE) (6,6%) equally distributed in both forelimbs. The radiographic examination, despite being very established and need complementary data from ultrasonographic examination, promoted the creation of a small database useful as a reference for Barrel Racing horse Veterinarians. / Orientador: Luiz Carlos Vulcano / Coorientador: Vânia M. V. Machado / Banca: Stefano Carlo Filippo Hagen / Banca: Ana Liz Garcia Alves / Mestre

A morfologia espermática está entre as maiores causas de descarte de reprodutores nas centrais de difusão genética e, quando identificada precocemente, significa uma redução nos custos com reprodutores ociosos. O estudo objetivou avaliar a possibilidade de utilização de características testiculares (consistência à palpação manual, consistência à tonometria – tônus, ecogenicidade da imagem ultrassonográfica - em pixels, e heterogeneidade da ecogenicidade – em pixels) na identificação de reprodutores suínos com baixa qualidade de morfologia espermática. Foram avaliados 402 machos com idade média de 18,5 ± 8,8 meses, de cinco centrais de difusão genética. A avaliação espermática foi utilizada como critério de aptidão, sendo considerados aptos os reprodutores com menos de 20% de defeitos espermáticos, não ultrapassando o limite de 5% para defeitos de cabeça, acrossoma, colo e peça intermediária e 10% para defeitos de cauda (dobrada ou enrolada) e gota citoplasmática proximal. A porcentagem de animais aptos segundo a morfologia espermática foi de 71,9%. O tônus teve correlação positiva (P≤ 0,05) moderada com a consistência à palpação manual (r= 0,64). A heterogeneidade testicular foi fracamente correlacionada com a ecogenicidade (r= 0,39; P≤ 0,05) e com o percentual de anormalidades espermáticas (r= 0,11). Foram comparados os valores das características testiculares entre machos considerados aptos e inaptos, sendo a média de tônus inferior nos machos aptos (P= 0,04). A possível associação das características testiculares com o percentual de defeitos espermáticos foi analisada por regressão logística, incluindo as características (consistência à palpação manual, tônus, ecogenicidade e heterogeneidade do parênquima testicular) como variáveis contínuas ou classificatórias. A partir dos valores obtidos, foram criadas 4 classes de consistência à palpação e de tônus e 5 classes de ecogenicidade e heterogeneidade do parênquima testicular. Foi obtido um ponto de corte de 5,03mm, baseado no tônus testicular, para discriminar animais aptos e inaptos e maiores valores de tônus (variável contínua) diminuíram a chance dos machos serem aptos, no entanto, com baixo poder discriminatório (AUC= 0,66). A probabilidade de ocorrência de aptidão tendeu a ser menor na classe de tônus 4 (P= 0,07). Menores valores de tônus estão associados à maior porcentagem de normalidades espermáticas em suínos, auxiliando na identificação de animais com alta qualidade espermática. / Sperm morphology is an important cause of male culling in boar studs and if early detected may lead to a reduction on costs of exceeded males. The study aimed to evaluate the possibility for using testicular traits (testicular consistency by manual palpation and consistency by tonometry – tone, echogenicity by ultrasonography - pixels and heterogeneity of the echogenicity – pixels) on the identification of boars with high sperm morphology quality. Sperm evaluation was used as criteria for breeding soundness, being considered as satisfactory boars with less than 20% of total sperm abnormalities, with an upper limit of 5% head, acrosome, neck and mid piece defects and 10% of tail (coiled and bent) e proximal cytoplasmic droplet. The percentage of satisfactory boars was 71.9%. Tone was positively correlated (P≤ 0.05) with consistency by manual palpation (r= 0.64). Testicular heterogeneity was weakly correlated (P≤ 0.05) with echogenicity (r= 0.39) and with percentage of sperm abnormalities (r= 0.11). It was compared the values of testicular traits between satisfactory and unsatisfactory boars, and a lower mean of tone was found on satisfactory boars (P= 0.04). The possible association of testicular traits with the percentage of sperm defects was analyzed by logistic regression, including the traits (consistency by manual palpation, tone, echogenicity and heterogeneity) as continuous and categorical variables. Considering the values obtained, 4 classes were created for consistency by manual palpation and tone and 5 classes were created for echogenicity and heterogeneity of the testicular parenchyma. It was obtained a cut-off value of 5.03mm, based on testicular tone, to discriminate satisfactory and unsatisfactory boars and higher values of tone (as continuous variable) decreased the chance of boars to be satisfactory, however with low discriminatory power (AUC= 0.66). The probability of occurrence of satisfactory boars tended to be lower on class 4 of tone (P= 0.07). Lower values of tone are associated with higher percentage of sperm normality, contributing to the identification of boars with high sperm quality.

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-04-27T12:26:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Júlio Manoel dos Santos Filho - 2018.pdf: 1560505 bytes, checksum: 783b0aced68e2e846518d5229070e225 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-27T13:06:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Júlio Manoel dos Santos Filho - 2018.pdf: 1560505 bytes, checksum: 783b0aced68e2e846518d5229070e225 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-27T13:06:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Júlio Manoel dos Santos Filho - 2018.pdf: 1560505 bytes, checksum: 783b0aced68e2e846518d5229070e225 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Forensic Psychiatric Expertise aims collaborate for decisions in the justice field. Among other discursive possibilities, the expert-psychiatrist seeks to answer, to the Judge of Law, if a given subject can be considered criminally attributable or not. This research is based on the Foucauldian understanding of the relationship between apparatuses and the production of subjects. More specifically, we analyse the articulation between the legal and psychiatric knowledge, materialized in the psychiatric investigation apparatus, which produces of an abnormal subject. In which ways has the psychiatric investigation apparatus outcomes, in the state of Goias, an alliance between the legal and psychiatric knowledge? Based on this questioning, this paper seeks to problematize the production of psychiatric expertise reports in the scope of Criminal Law in the state of Goias. This problematization is made about psychiatric expertise, legal texts and technical materials produced in both forensic and psychiatric fields. The analyses we do are delimited in time since the establishment of the Brazilian Penal Code of 1940 to actuality. This research is qualitative and uses the genealogical perspective of Michel Foucault. Besides the methodological question, we consider the theoretical production of Foucault about the psychiatric expert device. In the analysed data, the performance of the disciplinary power and the power of normalization is verified. The analysed materials evidenced the relevance conferred to moral and behavioural factors for the diagnostic definition of the abnormality. / A Perícia Psiquiátrica Forense visa ao fornecimento de subsídios para as decisões no âmbito da justiça. Dentre outras possibilidades discursivas, o perito-psiquiatra busca responder, ao Juiz de Direito, se um dado sujeito pode ser considerado imputável criminalmente ou não. Esta pesquisa tem como referencial de análise a perspectiva foucaultiana acerca da relação entre dispositivos e a produção de sujeitos. Neste trabalho, é analisada a articulação entre os saberes jurídico e psiquiátrico, materializada no dispositivo pericial psiquiátrico, o qual é produtor de um sujeito anormal. De que maneiras o dispositivo perícia psiquiátrica tem funcionado, no contexto goiano, enquanto efetivação da aliança entre os saberes jurídico e psiquiátrico? A partir desse questionamento, este trabalho tem o objetivo de problematizar a produção de laudos resultantes de perícias psiquiátricas no âmbito do Direito Penal no estado de Goiás. Essa problematização é possível a partir da análise de perícias psiquiátricas, textos legais e materiais técnicos produzidos no âmbito forense e psiquiátrico. O recorte temporal das análises delimita-se a partir da instituição do Código Penal de 1940 e estende-se até a atualidade. Esta pesquisa tem caráter qualitativo e utiliza-se do método genealógico de Michel Foucault. Além da questão metodológica, considera-se a produção teórica de Foucault acerca do dispositivo pericial psiquiátrico. Verifica-se, nas fontes analisadas, a atuação do poder disciplinar e do poder de normalização. Os materiais analisados evidenciam a relevância conferida a fatores de ordem moral e às condutas para a definição diagnóstica da anormalidade.

O presente trabalho discute a veiculação da voz da imaginação criativa por perspectivas oriundas da anormalidade no enredo de dois romances portugueses contemporâneos: Jerusalém, de Gonçalo M. Tavares e O vento assobiando nas gruas, de Lídia Jorge. Por meio da análise comparativa da trajetória das protagonistas Mylia Busbeck e Milene Leandro, procura se apontar a soberania do discurso médico-científico como parâmetro máximo de avaliação da saúde mental, e, desta forma, de incidência de um poder desolador sobre a vida dessas personagens, com vistas à desumanização. Como suporte teórico, este estudo utiliza as obras de Michel Foucault sobre a ordem do discurso e a loucura, na tentativa de compreender o percurso das formações discursivas dos considerados anormais no Ocidente. Opta-se, ainda, por pensar a linguagem a partir da filosofia nietzschiana, entendida como ato de força, quando a função da literatura é encontrar a expressão múltipla do devir. Para além desses pensadores, fez-se necessário uma pequena incursão na obra de Emmanuel Lévinas, a fim de discutir a questão dos afetos como possibilidade de exercício da ética. / This work discusses the voices of creativity imagination by perspectives of abnormality in two Portuguese contemporary novels: Jerusalém, by Gonçalo M. Tavares and O vento assobiando nas gruas, by Lídia Jorge. By making a comparison between the path of protagonists, Mylia Busbeck and Milene Leandro, the aim of this thesis is to indicate the power of scientific discourses as maximum parameter of mental health evaluation and, thus, checking incidence of a devastating power in the life of these two characters that intend to a dehumanization. As a theoretical support, Michel Foucault and his essays about discourse and insanity are necessary to understand the pattern of abnormalitys speeches. Also the philosophical work of Nietzsche is relevant to think about language as an act of force, with the proposal of reveal the task of literature to find expression of multiple become. Furthermore, Emmanuel Lévinas and his philosophy of affection as a possibility of ethic exercise is the bases to follow the minimum instants of sanity in the plot of both novels.