Nos últimos anos, os estudos de língua japonesa acadêmica mulplicaram-se, dando forma a um novo domínio de pesquisa. Apesar dos avanços no conhecimento de japonês acadêmico, há uma lacuna quanto às categorias de documentos encontradas em periódicos acadêmicos do Japão. Pesquisas passadas privilegiaram documentos do tipo ronbun (artigo), deixando de lado a existência de outras categorias relevantes de publicação. O presente estudo dirige-se a essa lacuna. A fim de identificar as principais categorias de documentos de revistas acadêmicas japonesas, examinaram-se instruções aos autores de periódicos do Japan Science and Technology Information Aggregator, Electronic (J-Stage), base eletrônica de acesso aberto do Japão. Como resultado, seis categorias foram identificadas: ssetsu (teoria compreensiva), shiry (material), kaisetsu (explicação), gencho ronbun (artigo original), shohy (crítica de livro) e tanp (relatório curto). O modo pelo qual as revistas do J-Stage descrevem essas categorias foi retratado mediante a compilação de conteúdo de instruções aos autores. Além disso, as categorias foram caracterizadas quanto à estrutura e ao propósito fundamental aparente por meio do exame de uma amostra de documentos publicados em revistas do J-Stage. Traços linguísticos gerais de documentos de periódicos acadêmicos japoneses foram ainda descritos com base em orientações encontradas em instruções aos autores. / In recent years, the body of research on academic Japanese has grown considerably, and a new research domain has emerged. Despite the advances in knowledge of academic Japanese, there is a gap concerning publication categories found in scholarly periodicals from Japan. Past studies focused on documents of the ronbun (article) type, ignoring the existence of other relevant categories. The present study addresses this gap. In order to identify the main publication categories from Japanese scholarly journals, instructions to authors from periodicals found in the Japan Science and Technology Information Aggregator, Electronic (J-Stage)an open-access, electronic database from Japanwere examined. As a result, six categories have been identified: ssetsu (general theory), shiry (material), kaisetsu (explanation), gencho ronbun (original article), shohy (book review), and tanp (short report). The way by which journals from J-Stage describe these categories was depicted by the compilation of descriptions extracted from instructions to authors. Furthermore, the six categories were characterized in terms of structure and visible fundamental purpose by means of an analysis of a sample of documents published in journals from J-Stage. Additionally, general linguistic features of Japanese journal documents were described based on directions found in instructions to authors.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Vitoria Martini Paula Garcia Munhoz.pdf: 680703 bytes, checksum: dcd17796ff67cc34289753db4526b48d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation is inserted into the line of research Text and discourse in the oral and written modalities and has as its theme authorship in academic texts. Therefore aims to analyze, in an interactional socio-cognitive perspective and in the context of Textual Linguistics and Textual Analysis of the Discourses, the constitution of the author while producing the chapter of theoretical foundation for her master s degree dissertation, in order to understand if she expresses authorship in her textual production. The overall objective of this work is to study authorship in master s degree dissertations and the specific objectives are to identify, describe, analyze and interpret the linguistic marks that in the opinion of Adam (2011) and Koch, Bentes and Cavalcante (2008), the writer uses in her written production to reveal authorship. With regard to the methodological procedures, we adopted a qualitative research method and a document analysis. The data that formed the corpus of the analysis consisted of excerpts of ten dissertations defended in the year 2012 at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica of São Paulo. The results showed that the linguistic units comprised by the seventh textual level (N7) of Adam (2011) analysis and the concept of explicit intertextuality , from Koch, Bentes and Cavalcante (2008) allow the search of linguistic marks that demonstrate the compromise of the author with the propositional content enunciated. Additionally, in the analyzed dissertations, the authors sough to assume authorship while writing theirs texts, although, at times, the degree of commitment has been shown greater or minor / Esta dissertação de mestrado está inserida na linha de pesquisa Texto e discurso nas modalidades oral e escrita e tem como tema a autoria em textos acadêmicos. A fim de procedermos à análise textual, adotamos a perspectiva sociocognitivo-interacional, no âmbito da Linguística Textual e da Análise Textual dos Discursos, de forma a examinar como se dá a constituição do sujeito autor na produção do capítulo de fundamentação teórica do gênero acadêmico dissertação de mestrado, buscando perceber como o escritor expressa (ou não) autoria em sua produção textual. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é estudar as marcas de autoria em dissertações de mestrado. Já os objetivos específicos são identificar e descrever as marcas linguísticas que podem revelar traços de autoria nas produções escritas selecionadas e analisar e interpretar, com base na fundamentação teórica proposta por Adam (2011) e por Koch, Bentes e Cavalcante (2008), as marcas de autoria em excertos dos capítulos teóricos das dissertações de mestrado. No que se refere à metodologia, adotamos a pesquisa qualitativa. A fim de procedermos à seleção e análise dos textos, pautamo-nos na análise documental. O corpus é composto por excertos de dez dissertações de mestrado defendidas no ano de 2012, no Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Língua Portuguesa, na Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. Os resultados indicam que as unidades linguísticas do nível sete de análise textual (N7), referente à responsabilidade enunciativa, proposto por Adam (2011), e que o conceito de intertextualidade explícita, proposto por Koch, Bentes e Cavalcante (2008), permitem buscar, nos textos, as marcas linguísticas que revelam o comprometimento ou não do autor com o conteúdo proposicional do enunciado. Com base nessa constatação, observamos que, nas dissertações de mestrado analisadas, os mestrandos procuram assumir uma posição enunciativa quando da confecção de seus textos, embora, em alguns momentos, o grau de comprometimento se mostre maior ou menor

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-05-23T12:17:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson Luiz Araujo.pdf: 2342725 bytes, checksum: e67a4751ead27bc22a3717b50bef2866 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T12:17:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson Luiz Araujo.pdf: 2342725 bytes, checksum: e67a4751ead27bc22a3717b50bef2866 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This Work intends to investigate and analyze the difficulties in reading and writing of a group of concluding students of a pedagogy course in the matutinal period of a private institution in the district of São Paulo, by means of their narratives presented in the form of a written production exercise. Besides the students, the university professors were heard about their impressions of the students’ difficulties with reading and writing. Were used as Theoretical contributions Pierre Bourdieu, Roger Chartier, Luiz Percival Leme Britto, Angel I. Pérez Gómez. The data collection included: a) written production exercise application for a group of 25 fifth semester students of a pedagogy course, with an instrument composed of two parts: in the first one, a questionnaire, whose questions were aimed at tracing the students’ social-cultural-economic profile and, in the second part, a textual production paper about their experience in the higher education, explaining the main difficulties related to writing and reading, how have overcome them, what the university and the professors have made in order to help them, and a text interpretation; b) Questionnaire applied to four course professors (3 women and 1 men) about such difficulties. The data was organized in summary information tables. The obtained results suggest that the students, subjects of this research, conclude the course with a low level of reading and writing. This problem occurs on account of several factors, including: the socio-economic-cultural profile; failure and gaps in basic education related to literacy; social programs and the expansion of the vacancies in high education permitting the access of new students, whose capital cultural level is incompatible with the demands of an academic course; furthermore, the lack of preparation on the university and the professors to deal with the difficulties brought by these students related to the use of Portuguese language / Esse trabalho pretendeu investigar e analisar as dificuldades em leitura e escrita de um grupo de alunas concluintes de um curso de Pedagogia no período matutino de uma instituição privada do município de São Paulo, por meio de suas narrativas apresentadas na forma de um exercício de produção escrita. Além das alunas foram ouvidos os professores universitários a respeito de suas impressões sobre as dificuldades das alunas com a leitura e a escrita. Foram utilizados como aportes teóricos Pierre Bourdieu, Roger Chartier, Luiz Percival Leme Britto, Angel I. Pérez Gómez. A coleta de dados incluiu: a) aplicação de um exercício de produção escrita para uma turma de 25 alunas de quinto semestre de um Curso de Pedagogia, com instrumento composto de duas partes: na primeira parte, um questionário, cujas questões tiveram por objetivo traçar o perfil socioeconômico-cultural das alunas e, na segunda parte, um trabalho de produção de texto sobre sua experiência no ensino superior, explicitando as principais dificuldades em relação à leitura e à escrita, como fez para superá-las, o que a universidade e os professores fizeram para ajudá-las, além de um exercício de leitura e interpretação de texto; b) Questionário aplicado a três professoras e um professor do Curso sobre tais dificuldades. Os dados foram organizados em quadros-síntese de informações. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que as alunas, sujeitos desta pesquisa, concluem o curso com um baixo nível de domínio de leitura e escrita. Esse problema acontece pela somatória de vários fatores, que incluem: o perfil socioeconômico-cultural; falhas e lacunas na educação básica em relação à alfabetização; programas sociais e ampliação da oferta de vagas no ensino superior permitindo o acesso de um novo público com um nível de capital cultural incompatível com as demandas de um curso universitário; além do despreparo da Universidade e dos professores para lidar com as dificuldades trazidas por esse público em relação ao uso da Língua Portuguesa

No contexto atual, o estabelecimento de acordos entre universidades brasileiras e estrangeiras assume importante papel no conjunto de medidas que visam à internacionalização das universidades no Brasil. Uma das iniciativas se refere à realização, na área de Letras, do Programa de Licenciaturas Internacionais para a França (PLI/França CAPES), que permite que estudantes de Letras Francês/Português de universidades brasileiras realizem uma parte de seus estudos em universidades francesas, mais especificamente, na Universidade Paris-Sorbonne. A partir dos dados obtidos com estudantes brasileiros na universidade francesa no período 2013-2015, identificamos as dificuldades encontradas para a realização de leitura e produção escrita literária em língua francesa, mais especificamente na produção escrita do commentaire linéaire. A partir desta constatação, esta pesquisa se desenvolveu com base nas etapas metodológicas definidas na didática do ensino de língua francesa, Francês para Objetivo Universitário (FOU) (Mangiante, Parpette, 2004, 2011, 2012) segundo as quais é necessária a preparação linguística, cultural e metodológica de estudantes estrangeiros que planejam realizar estudos na França. Baseando-nos também no referencial teórico sobre a leitura presentes em Eco (1979), Albuquerque-Costa (2004), Giasson (2007), Kleiman (2004, 2008, 2013), Pietraróia (1997, 2001), Pietraróia; Albuquerque-Costa (2014), Jouve (1993, 2002, 2012) os objetivos desta pesquisa são 1) desenvolver a compreensão de textos literários; 2) identificar as estratégias de leitura de textos literários; 3) analisar as características e as etapas de produção do commentaire linéaire solicitado no meio acadêmico francês para Letras. Nosso corpus de pesquisa foi constituído a partir dos dados obtidos no Curso de Extensão Lecture en Français: como se preparar para o intercâmbio? ministrado para estudantes de Letras Francês/Português da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho/Assis. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a necessidade de preparação linguística, metodológica e cultural voltada para o desenvolvimento de um processo de leitura e produção do commentaire linéaire por meio de estratégias do estudo e compreensão dos textos literários. A contribuição desta pesquisa situa-se no âmbito da formação de professores e pesquisas na área da didática das línguas estrangeiras, em Francês para Objetivo Universitário (FOU), formação que, como pudemos observar, é essencial para estudantes que se preparam para programas de intercâmbio com a França. / At the present context, the cooperation between Brazilian and French universities assumes an important role in the range of measures that aims Brazilian universities internationalization. One of the initiatives refers to the holding, in Language Teaching studies, of the Programa de Licenciaturas Internacionais (PLI/França CAPES), which allows Brazilian students to make part of their studies in French universities to obtain Undergraduate Certification in Paris-Sorbonne. From data collected with Brazilian students in French universities in the period of 2013-2015, we identified difficulties in reading and writing in French literature, especially in commentaire linéaire writing. From this observation, this research was developed based on methodological steps defined in French teaching, French for Academic Purposes (FOU) (Mangiante, Parpette, 2004, 2011, 2012), according to the linguistics, cultural and methodological preparation required to students that plan to study in France.. Based on reading activities from theoretical frame of Giasson (2007), Kleiman (2004, 2008, 2013), Pietraróia (1997, 2001), Pietraróia; Albuquerque-Costa (2014), Jouve (1993, 2002, 2012) and Eco (1979), our research goals: 1) identify Reading strategies in literature; 2) develop literature texts comprehension; 3) analyze commentaire linéaires characteristics and production steps. Our research corpus was composed of data obtained during the Course Lecture en Français: como se preparar para o intercâmbio? offered to UNESP/Assis French Letters students. The results point the needs of linguistics-methodological preparation to develop a reading and writing process by literature reading strategies. This research contribution stands in teaching education and in the foreign languages teaching studies, in French for Academic Purposes (FOU), essential to students preparing to exchange programs in France.

While there is a consensus among researchers that assessment should and can serve learning, there is less understanding of how it supports learning at a fine-grained level. This thesis uses design-based research to investigate the role of comment-only, holistic peer assessment in writing development. The theory of action synthesises Sadler's accounts of learning through assessment (1989, 2010) with Winne and Hadwin's (1998, 2008) model of self-regulated learning. It is theorised that participating in peer assessment helps students to develop evaluative expertise, which in turn enriches task perceptions, metacognitive standards and ultimately large-scale adaptation: the changes students employ in subsequent essays. Drawing on the theory of action, I designed a series of workshops for first-year English Literature students learning to write examination essays. The thesis reports on the first of two iterations. 21 participants assessed and discussed example essays; criteria were not pre-determined but emerged from discussion of four examples. Students then wrote a timed essay, assessed three peer pieces and received three reviews. A range of data was generated during the workshops, including written comments, reflections and questionnaires. Ten case study writers also took part in pre- and post-workshops writing tasks, think-aloud protocols and interviews. To trace the development of students' evaluative expertise, I coded inductively students' talk and comment about writing. Visualising the connections between emergent codes reveals writing quality as a complex web of criteria, with the essay question at the centre. There was a strong overlap between the official Faculty assessment criteria and the codes emerging from student data. However, students also frequently commented on procedural aspects of writing such as introductions and conclusions, which are left tacit or latent in Faculty criteria. Post-workshops, students' own metacognitive standards became increasingly reader-oriented and question-focussed, and these procedural aspects of writing drove the adaptations they made to their approach. I use rich, in-depth case study data to trace how, why, and when students made such adaptations. I also examine the role of peer feedback, which rather than offering new information, often verified or complemented the judgements students formed of their own writing during the workshops. The thesis thus illuminates processes involved in learning through assessment. It also shows that peer assessment is a practicable way of developing within the discipline both evaluative expertise and writing, which are key to lifelong learning.

Pre-writing strategies are conscious thoughts, actions, or behaviors used by writers when they plan before writing. Research in second language writing suggests that specific writing strategies related to writing purposes, audience, brainstorming, and organizing ideas are teachable and have a potential to improve the quantity and quality of writing produced by English as second language (ESL) learners. This study investigated the effects of computer-based pre-writing strategy training guided by procedural facilitation (Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1987) on intermediate ESL students' writing strategy use, writing quantity, and writing quality. A sequential mixed methods design was utilized with an initial quasi-experimental phase followed by semi-structured interviews. Forty-one participants from four intact intermediate-writing classes in an intensive English program participated in the quasi-experimental phase of the study. The classes were randomly assigned into two control and two experimental groups. The instructional modules for the control groups included writing instruction related to paragraph writing, essay writing, and opinion essays whereas the training modules for the experimental groups consisted of pre-writing strategies related to writing purposes, audience, and idea generation and organization. In addition, the experimental groups were trained to generate and organize ideas using Inspiration 6, an idea graphic organizer software program. The participants' writing performances and uses of pre-writing strategies prior to and after the training were analyzed. In addition, six semi-structured interviews conducted shortly after the post-test helped to illuminate the quantitative results. Results demonstrate a significant training impact on ESL students' pre-writing strategy use but fail to detect significant effects on the students' writing quantity and writing quality; however, a trend of improvement regarding the writing quality variables was detected among the strategy-trained students. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis revealed some similarities and differences of less experienced and experienced writers' writing processes and strategies. Overall, the findings suggest the complex interplay among the factors influencing student writing development including writing strategy use, writing processes, writing tasks, task conditions, their past writing experience, and their language proficiency.

Research into English research articles (RAs) has largely been focused on articles produced by native English writers. This thesis aims to investigate the textual structure of research articles written by non-native English writers, which may contribute to their acceptance for international publication. A comparison is made between RAs written by native English speakers, Indonesian writers writing in English, and Indonesian writers writing in Indonesian, all in the field of Language and Language Teaching. It explores the relation of text's generic structure, context and linguistic realization. The thesis develops a framework for the generic structure analysis based on Swales' CARS model of moves. A complementary analysis using Systemic-Functional Linguistics' (SFL) approach to texture, namely, text's method of development and structure of information, is conducted to further reveal the textual strategies of the different groups. The findings indicate significant differences in both forms and functions of textual strategies between the native and non-native texts. The differences may partly be due to the influence of writing practices in the non-native writers' first language and partly to the writer's attempt to find an appropriate format in the absence of well-established research writing conventions in the first language. Consequently, non-native English texts may show textual features and organising strategies unfamiliar to both the native English and native Indonesian texts. Findings from the research highlight two issues. First, formal and functional differences of generic structure elements and their realizations between the native and non-native English texts may disadvantage the non-native writers, particularly with regards to employment of unfamiliar organizational strategies. Second, besides knowledge of formal generic structure, more importantly, non-native English writers need to acquire the knowledge of the nature of scientific writing in English in order to achieve full control of the writing process and thus produce successful writing. The implications for further research and the teaching of academic writing are discussed.

在學術論文寫作眾多章節中，文獻回顧章節是讀寫過程中困難度較高的一章節，因此研究生普遍視為畏途。文獻回顧的語步分析在過去文獻中尚未受到重視。因此本論文旨在分析臺灣英語教學碩士論文中文獻回顧章節之語步結構。本論文提出兩個研究問題: (1)臺灣英語教學碩士論文文獻回顧章節之語步結構為何？(2)評選高分與評選低分的文獻回顧差異為何？本論文選出三十篇臺灣英語教學碩士論文中文獻回顧章節做為文本分析並將其評選高分群與評選低分群。本研究以四個主要語步來分析文獻回顧章節的語步結構。這四個主要語步分別為：(1)領域知識觀念介紹，(2)用主題方式整合過去之文獻，(3)聯結過去文獻與將進行之研究之關係，及(4)宣布將進行研究。每一主要語步都有數個次要語步。本論文討論語步出現的頻率，語步發展，語步組合結構及語步循環。 本論文顯示第一語步使用的最為廣泛佔56.96%，第二語步佔22.39%，第三語步與第四語步各為11.74%與8.91%。收集之文獻回顧分為四組，分別為(1)表現最差，(2)表現較差，(3)表現稱職，及(4)表現最好。 結果發現表現最差的一組沒有任何主題發展，表現較差的一組有主題發展但是僅限於整合，表現稱職的一組有運用到四個主要語步，而表現最好的一組發現有數個全部語步的循環。本論文呈現臺灣英語教學碩士論文文獻回顧章節的語步結構。這些結果與討論提供英語教學領域研究生更加了解學術論文文獻回顧之寫作架構。 / Reviewing literature for a research study is a highly complicated reading and writing process, which has been assumed a rather formidable task for many graduate students. In the field of English for Specific Purposes, many scholars have devoted their studies into certain types of genre analysis, particularly research genres. However, the concept of “literature review” (LR) as a distinct type of genre has been constantly overlooked and the move structure of literature reviews unexplored. The move structure of LRs in master theses written by Taiwanese TEFL program graduates was studied. This proposed study included two research questions: (1) What are the move structures of the LR chapters in the master theses of TEFL programs? (2) Do the move structures differ between the low-rated and high-rated LRs? In this study, thirty theses were randomly chosen. Thirty theses were rated and grouped into high-rated and low-rated categories. Based on Kwan’s framework (2006) and the results of pilot study, a new move structure with the four major moves was formulated for this study. The statistical results showed that “conceptualizing themes in a field (Move 1)” takes the largest proportion among the total occurrences, followed by “integrating previous works on the themes (Move 2),” “relating previous works to the current study (Move 3)” and “advancing to one’s own study (Move 4).” It is concluded that LRs composed by these graduates fundamentally serves to present relevant field knowledge. Further, no topic expansion is found in the deficient group. Most of the LRs in the poor group halt at the synthesis though there is some topic development. The competent group has a complete occurrence of the four major moves. Multiple cycles are found per LR in the distinctive group. This study provides insights into the move structure of Taiwanese students’ literature review chapters of master theses.

Abstract Ask, S., 2007: Vägar till ett akademiskt skriftspråk (Roads to academic written language). Acta Wexionensia nr 115/2007. ISBN: 978-91-7636-557-1 The overall aim of the dissertation is to analyse the general features of academic writing skills that students’ texts show at the beginning and at the end of their undergraduate education, and to investigate the paths chosen by students from different study backgrounds when they acquire competence in academic writing. The dissertation studies changes of level within the educational system from a student perspective. The empirical material consists of qualitative research interviews with student teachers at different stages of their training, and of the analyses of texts written by the same students. The study shows that both new and experienced students find it difficult to see a link between the tuition in Swedish in high school and their university studies, especially when it comes to academic writing. The new students therefore feel frustration and confusion in the transition phase. The experienced students say that they have mainly developed competence in academic writing during their studies through supervision in essay writing, which is felt to be crucial for linguistic development. The new students’ interim texts are characterized by the clear personal presence of an author, a varying degree of copying from source texts, and uncertain handling of references. Expressions of critical-analytical thinking are not common, and the texts usually have an everyday tone. The experienced students do not copy texts, yet they show great insecurity in their use of the content of the source texts. They write “academically” by using frequent reference markers and adopting a bombastic style. The linguistic tools of academic writing are used by the experienced students as decoration, to strengthen the impression of familiarity with the academic discourse.

The subject of this study is student writing in its institutional setting, examining students’ texts, professional discourse and educational practices. Fieldwork for the study was conducted at the departments of History and Economics of Stockholm University. The general aim of the study is to increase our understanding of the relationships between student writing, educational settings and professional discourse. The theoretical framework is the sociocultural approach as outlined by Wertsch from Bakhtin and Vygotsky, and applied on writing research by above all Dysthe. The theoretical-methodological attempts are an operationalisation of the concept of dialogicity in different aspects and an application of the concept of mediational means at the linguistic level of text type or speech act. The type of dialogicity and epistemology of a setting is shown to have major influences on students’ writing. The epistemology of economics is defined as rationalistic, and that of history as critical-pluralistic. In economics, linear logical reasoning with clear-cut solutions is a key mediational means, while reasoning with a multitude of perspectives is given precedence in history. Students adjust their texts to the kind of dialogicity in the setting. However, in interviews, some students, mainly in economics, exhibit a resistance to the epistemology and mediational means of their discipline. This resistance seems not to influence their texts, but in all probability the depth of their learning. In addition, the socialisation seems to be a more prolonged process in economics. The reasons may be that the mediational means have a weak connection to students’ previous knowledge and that they are not collectively applied in economics to the same extent as in history. Thus, a pedagogical conclusion is that the important mediational means of a discipline should be collectively applied during study. Moreover, student writing should be considered in relation to students’ previous knowledge, their course of study and their future professional activity.