Thesis (Ph. D.)--Auburn University. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-159).

This thesis aims to investigate the nature of ideologies of language, and specifically to understand what kinds of linguistic, social, political and historical factors impact upon and inform ideologies of standardisation. I consider the particular case of the Spanish language, and examine how public debates in Spain’s press constitute discursive sites in which the ideologies of language authorities are evidenced. There are few studies which identify and critique the social actors in Spanish standardisation, and this thesis is a contribution to addressing that absence. By adopting a Critical Discourse Analysis approach , I seek to relate the microstructures of texts from two of Spain’s best-selling daily newspapers (El País and ABC) to the socio-political macrostructures in which press discourse is produced, and in which hegemonic ideologies underpin debates about Spanish. The press is a crucial vehicle of transmission in which language ideologies are staked out, and the large data corpus allows me to identify recurring aspects of discourse which become ‘naturalised’ and form ‘common sense’ beliefs about Spanish, its role, its authorities, and the practices of those who ‘guard’ the language. The principal guardian of Spanish, the Real Academia Española (RAE), is the particular focus of this thesis. I interrogate RAE discourse and shed light on this institution’s role in producing and maintaining a ‘standard’ Spanish in the contemporary context. Discourses of language unity and community are central, as are themes which form a vision of Spanish on an international scale. I argue that the RAE’s discourse serves to reinforce its authority and leadership in standardisation. I further argue that this centralisation of linguistic authority is occurring simultaneously with a rescaling and expansion of standardisation practices which go beyond the nation-state paradigm in pursuit of a ‘total Spanish’ guided by ‘panhispanic norms’. The role of other elite institutions in the panhispanic language policy is also legitimised in press discourse, with important social, cultural and commercial implications for not just Spain, but the entire Spanish-speaking world.

Neste estudo, buscou-se identificar as motivações humanas para a prática de atividade física, a fim de compreender os motivos de aderência e permanência dos indivíduos nas academias de ginástica, e a partir disso, contribuir para criar a base de uma estratégia de marketing voltada à fidelização de clientes de academias. Como metodologia, adotou-se a pesquisa descritiva como forma de aplicar conhecimentos na direção da solução de um problema específico, composto de duas etapas distintas: a primeira qualitativa (com caráter exploratório) e a segunda quantitativa (através da estruturação, aplicação de um questionário, para verificar e mensurar o comportamento dos consumidores de academias de ginástica). A partir da coleta, tabulação e análise dos resultados obtidos sobre a motivação dos clientes de academias, foi possível criar orientações para o planejamento estratégico voltado à fidelização dos clientes de academias de ginástica. / This study aimed at identifying the human motivations for physical activity in order to understand the causes of individuals’ adherence and permanence at gym academies. Next, it brought up a marketing strategy driven to academies’ customers loyalty. The methodology adopted the descriptive research as a way to apply knowledge to reach the solution of a specific problem. It was composed by two different stages: a qualitative (first - exploratory) and a quantitative stage. The quantitative stage contemplates the creation and appliance of a questionnaire in order to verify and measure the behavior of gym academies’ customers. From collection, tabulation and analysis of data concerning gym academies’ customers motivation it was possible to generate strategic policies, driven to customers of gym academies.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T15:55:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 37.pdf: 766094 bytes, checksum: 6027c9f19d53e84889e6940e9a161462 (MD5) 0844d.mp3: 3289728 bytes, checksum: b48071fbacff34d6b95db72f40b1c66e (MD5) 0844e.mp3: 8592768 bytes, checksum: 9eab2c4a2afc2444bafd36028feb34c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Analisa a história do Laboratorio de Biologia Infantil em seu breve período de existência (1935-1941). A análise dessa instituição se inicia pela descrição e discussão de temas sobre infância e adolescência, que surgiram no Instituto de Identificação, ao qual pertencia o Laboratório de Biologia Infantil na sua criação, e que foram publicados nos Arquivos de Medicina Legal e Identificação do Rio de Janeiro (1931-1940). Foram destacados o contexto político institucional e o contexto intelectual que induziu e permitiu que médicos, magistrados, educadores e políticos debatessem a infância na década de 30, com destaque para a figura do seu criador e primeiro diretor Leonídio Ribeiro. O Laboratório de Biologia Infantil foi capítulo importante na história da infância dita abandonada e delinquente, ao inaugurar uma rotina médico-científica de estudo, tratamento e assistência, no âmbito de instituições criadas para reprimir, cuidar e curar. Surgido no ambiente da medicina legal e da polícia, o Laboratório de Biologia Infantil transitou rapidamente da identificação dos menores infratores para a pesquisa sobre as causas da criminalidade, e terminou incorporado por instituições assistenciais.

Neste estudo, buscou-se identificar as motivações humanas para a prática de atividade física, a fim de compreender os motivos de aderência e permanência dos indivíduos nas academias de ginástica, e a partir disso, contribuir para criar a base de uma estratégia de marketing voltada à fidelização de clientes de academias. Como metodologia, adotou-se a pesquisa descritiva como forma de aplicar conhecimentos na direção da solução de um problema específico, composto de duas etapas distintas: a primeira qualitativa (com caráter exploratório) e a segunda quantitativa (através da estruturação, aplicação de um questionário, para verificar e mensurar o comportamento dos consumidores de academias de ginástica). A partir da coleta, tabulação e análise dos resultados obtidos sobre a motivação dos clientes de academias, foi possível criar orientações para o planejamento estratégico voltado à fidelização dos clientes de academias de ginástica. / This study aimed at identifying the human motivations for physical activity in order to understand the causes of individuals’ adherence and permanence at gym academies. Next, it brought up a marketing strategy driven to academies’ customers loyalty. The methodology adopted the descriptive research as a way to apply knowledge to reach the solution of a specific problem. It was composed by two different stages: a qualitative (first - exploratory) and a quantitative stage. The quantitative stage contemplates the creation and appliance of a questionnaire in order to verify and measure the behavior of gym academies’ customers. From collection, tabulation and analysis of data concerning gym academies’ customers motivation it was possible to generate strategic policies, driven to customers of gym academies.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T14:48:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 952153 bytes, checksum: 22e24b52db336b6b2e3ac3a6a4f050cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In globalized world, where the competition quickly grows in all sectors of the economy, it was too important to know what yours customers desire and think. Today the consumers, generally, they are more demanding, and to satisfy them, fully, although is a necessary point it is not easy. The satisfaction research can be seen as a system of analysis of information that catches the opinions of the customer through the evaluation organization performance or, specifically, of its products and services and that they assist the companies to identify new chances and monitor yours performance Therefore, the studies about consumer satisfaction, it is today each time more excellent, as much in the academic scope, as in the enterprise. The main objective of this study was to measure the level of customers satisfaction in the gymnastics academies, of size medium located in the city João Pessoa/PB. To reach the considered objectives, the adopted methodology divided the research in two stages: first, a searches qualitative, and, after that, a searches quantitative. The gotten results in this study had demonstrated that the gymnastics academies come obtaining to satisfy the biggest part of its customers, in relation to many aspects but that they exist, still, some vulnerable points that need to be improved, so that the full satisfaction of same the e is reached, consequently, its together retention to the academy. Analyzing, separately, the level of customers satisfaction of the academies of gymnastics searched, is concluded, still, that each one of them has its peculiarities, with points of prominence and others that they need to be changed so, to take care fully of to the necessities, the academies need to make investments that must be directed for the points in which they present deficiencies and the expectations of the customers. / Num mundo globalizado, onde a concorrência cresce rapidamente em todos os setores da economia, tornou-se vital para qualquer empresa saber o que os seus clientes desejam e pensam. Hoje os consumidores, de um modo geral, estão cada vez mais exigentes, e satisfazê-los, plenamente, apesar de ser uma meta necessária não é fácil. As pesquisas de satisfação podem ser vistas como um sistema de análise de informações que capta as opiniões do cliente através da avaliação do desempenho da organização ou, especificamente, de seus produtos e serviços, e que auxiliam as empresas a identificarem novas oportunidades e a monitorarem o seu desempenho. Por isso, os estudos sobre a satisfação do consumidor são hoje cada vez mais relevantes, tanto no âmbito acadêmico, quanto no empresarial. O principal objetivo desse estudo foi medir o nível de satisfação dos clientes das academias de ginástica, de médio porte, localizadas na cidade de João Pessoa/PB. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, a metodologia adotada dividiu a pesquisa em duas etapas: primeiramente, uma pesquisa qualitativa, e, em seguida, uma pesquisa quantitativa. Os resultados obtidos nesse estudo demonstraram que as academias de ginástica vêm conseguindo satisfazer a maior parte de seus clientes, em relação a muitos aspectos, mas que existem, ainda, alguns pontos vulneráveis que precisam ser melhorados, para que seja alcançada a plena satisfação dos mesmos e, conseqüentemente, a sua retenção junto à academia. Analisando, separadamente, o nível de satisfação dos clientes das academias de ginástica pesquisadas, conclui-se, ainda, que cada uma delas tem suas peculiaridades, com pontos de destaque e outros que precisam ser reformulados. Assim, para atender plenamente às necessidades e as expectativas dos clientes, as academias necessitam fazer investimentos que devem ser direcionados para os pontos nos quais elas apresentam deficiências.

Neste estudo, buscou-se identificar as motivações humanas para a prática de atividade física, a fim de compreender os motivos de aderência e permanência dos indivíduos nas academias de ginástica, e a partir disso, contribuir para criar a base de uma estratégia de marketing voltada à fidelização de clientes de academias. Como metodologia, adotou-se a pesquisa descritiva como forma de aplicar conhecimentos na direção da solução de um problema específico, composto de duas etapas distintas: a primeira qualitativa (com caráter exploratório) e a segunda quantitativa (através da estruturação, aplicação de um questionário, para verificar e mensurar o comportamento dos consumidores de academias de ginástica). A partir da coleta, tabulação e análise dos resultados obtidos sobre a motivação dos clientes de academias, foi possível criar orientações para o planejamento estratégico voltado à fidelização dos clientes de academias de ginástica. / This study aimed at identifying the human motivations for physical activity in order to understand the causes of individuals’ adherence and permanence at gym academies. Next, it brought up a marketing strategy driven to academies’ customers loyalty. The methodology adopted the descriptive research as a way to apply knowledge to reach the solution of a specific problem. It was composed by two different stages: a qualitative (first - exploratory) and a quantitative stage. The quantitative stage contemplates the creation and appliance of a questionnaire in order to verify and measure the behavior of gym academies’ customers. From collection, tabulation and analysis of data concerning gym academies’ customers motivation it was possible to generate strategic policies, driven to customers of gym academies.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lidiane Amanda Bevilacqua.pdf: 1370344 bytes, checksum: 7b3b44dd5b47a7e4af3be3985492c44c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-15 / Acting as centers focused on physical exercise , the academies have undergone a series of transformations over time , intensified since the 1970s , when the cult of form gained representative dimensions in society . With the growing number of academies increased interest in checking the working conditions and issues related to health and quality of life for professionals working in these services . The quality of life of the professionals can be influenced by the level of perceived satisfaction in their work environment . Job satisfaction aims to provide answers to an emotional state and experiences encountered in the workplace . This response can be presented as a way of being and feeling positive towards the profession , or conversely , when such feeling and way of being in the profession do not occur , characterized by the presence of dissatisfaction . Objective: This study aims to investigate the job satisfaction and quality of life for professionals working in the gyms of Pelotas - RS , and examine their relationships and associated factors . Methodology : This was a descriptive , observational , cross-sectional . Data collection will be conducted through a questionnaire containing questions relating to the part , sociodemographic , behavioral and nutrition , quality of life and job satisfaction of professionals working in the academies of Pelotas / Atuando como centros de voltados à prática de exercícios físicos, as academias sofreram uma serie de transformações ao longo do tempo, intensificado a partir da década de 1970, quando o culto a forma ganhou dimensões representativas na sociedade. Com o crescimento do número de academias aumentou o interesse em verificar as condições de trabalho e aspectos relacionados à saúde e qualidade de vida dos profissionais que atuam nesses serviços. A qualidade de vida dos profissionais pode ser influenciada pelo nível de satisfação percebida no seu ambiente de trabalho. A satisfação profissional visa dar respostas a um estado emocional e às experiências enfrentadas no contexto do trabalho. Podendo essa resposta ser apresentada como um sentimento e forma de estar positivos perante a profissão, ou de maneira inversa, quando tal sentimento e forma de estar na profissão não se verificam, caracterizando a presença de insatisfação. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar a satisfação profissional e a qualidade de vida dos profissionais que atuam nas academias de ginástica da cidade de Pelotas - RS, e examinar suas relações e fatores associados. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo observacional, de corte transversal. A coleta de dados será realizada através de um questionário, contendo questões referentes à parte, sociodemográfica, comportamental e nutricional, qualidade de vida e satisfação profissional dos profissionais que atuam nas academias da cidade de Pelotas

Geographical aspects of soccer players' origin - football academies: Comparison of Czechia and Serbia Abstract The goal of this thesis is to identify football academies in Czechia and Serbia since 1993. That accomplishes through presenting theoretical approaches of sport geography, then documents the globalisation of sport and especially the diffusion of football in space and time. It submits also characteristics of the successful football academy and finds out positive economical effects, which are generated by production of professional football players. The thesis researches in analytical part not only regional divide of the football academies, which are identified based on the place of birth, first youth and professional clubs and transfer value of the individual players, but the influence of different factors on success of club in national league as well. Key words: geographical aspects, origin, football academies, transfers, economic profitability Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This thesis is an ethnography that took place in an ‘underperforming’ school in the South of England. The school is located on a deprived estate, taking its pupils from an area in the bottom quintile with regard to deprivation indicators, and regularly features at the bottom of local league tables. Recently converted to academy status, the school was in the process of being rebuilt. The school in question is seen as abject by the broader community and features a large number of disruptive and disaffected students. The overarching research questions that this study focuses on are: What kind of person do resistant pupils want to be recognised as and what kind of place do they want school to be? Within this, the thesis examines how students develop an identity of non-participation as well as how they act in order to make their voice heard and affect the nature of the place they are in. In order to investigate these questions the paper draws on the work of Foucault (1979, 1982, 2003) who suggested that in order to understand how power relations work it is necessary to investigate resistance rather than trying to understand power from the perspective of its own rationality. This approach is useful since students in school do not resist specific institutions or groups, but specific instances of power personified by those that they come into immediate contact with on a day to day basis. It also mobilises concepts of space and place developed by Doreen Massey (2005) and Tim Ingold (2008) whereby space is a product of interrelations permanently under construction as opposed to simply a surface and place becomes a product of these intersections within the wider power geometry of space. This is particularly relevant to the context of a failing school, seen as abject by the surrounding community and struggling to maintain any improvement. The concept of voice as defined by Nick Couldry (2010) and the students’ belief that they lack control over their lives in school is also key in terms of understanding the motivations for their resistance. The thesis argues that the fact that the school is gradually being demolished and rebuilt is seen as a threat as well as an opportunity by the participants. Since the school was intimately bound up with their identity, the changes made were an assault on their identity. However, the cracks opened up by the construction work offered them opportunities to carve out places for themselves. The participants suggest that the lip service paid to student voice by the school is a key issue in causing students’ resistant behaviour. The students in the study find that their agency is denied by the school and this, coupled with their desire to be seen as adults with legitimate opinions about their schooling, results in their resistant behaviour.